Water resources have always played an important role in ensuring industrial and agricultural production, as well as maintaining ecosystem security in the Mongolian Plateau (MP), a typical arid to semi-arid region. Previous studies have reported the considerable shrinkages of surface water bodies affected by intense human disturbance in the MP before 2010. However, it is still unclear about the effects of those key ecological restoration efforts (e.g., the construction of ecological civilization since 2012) on water resources in the recent decade. Here, using all the available Landsat-5/7/8 surface reflectance observations, a robust water mapping algorithm based on spectral indices and thresholds, and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform, we examined the changes in surface water area (SWA) in the MP during 1991–2021. In addition, based on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) Mascon data products, we investigated the inter-annual variability and trends of terrestrial water storage (TWS) from 2002 to 2021. We found that SWA experienced remarkable increases (85.5 km2/yr) since 2009 after continuous shrinkage of surface water bodies (-205.9 km2/yr) for over 20 years, in which Inner Mongolia played a dominant role in the recovery of SWA (72.2 km2/yr). Also, TWS had undergone continuous decline before 2012 and fluctuating rebound after that. The most significant recovery of TWS mainly happened in the northern part of the MP. Quantitative attribution analyses showed that the key ecological restoration projects in China, especially the construction of ecological civilization since 2012, were the major drivers for the recovery of surface and terrestrial water resources. While previous studies reported the considerable decline of surface water resources induced by human activities in the MP since the 1990s, our research provided gratifying satellite evidence for the significant recoveries of surface and terrestrial water resources in the plateau during the past decade under the influence of ecological restoration efforts.
Eucalyptus plantations promote the economic development of forestry in southern China, but many studies have reported their negative environmental impacts, such as high water resource usage of certain species of Eucalyptus plants and losses in biodiversity. To date, annual maps of Eucalyptus plantations at large scales with high spatial resolutions are not yet available. Here, we investigated the spectral properties of Eucalyptus plantations and developed a knowledge-based Eucalyptus plantation mapping algorithm. We produced annual maps of Eucalyptus plantation at 10-m spatial resolution in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), China, using our proposed algorithm and images of ALOS PALSAR-2, Sentinel-2, and Landsat (ETM+/OLI) in a single year. First, we generated annual evergreen forest maps using PALSAR-2 and Landsat/Sentinel-2-based vegetation index time series data. Second, we distinguished Eucalyptus plantations from the evergreen forest layer using the unique biophysical features of Eucalyptus plantations, the Sentinel-2 red edge bands, and Landsat/Sentinel-2-based enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Our resultant 2020 Eucalyptus plantation map had high producer's, user's, and overall accuracies of 0.85, 0.89, and 0.96, respectively. There were 3.10 × 106 ha of Eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi in 2020. Among the 14 administrative units, Wuzhou City had the largest Eucalyptus plantation area in Guangxi, followed by Nanning, Baise, and Chongzuo cities. We demonstrated the potential of knowledge-based mapping approaches for identifying evergreen forest and Eucalyptus plantations in complex and fragmented landscapes where cloud cover is frequent. Our 10-m Eucalyptus plantation map is the most current dataset available and can be used to assist the sustainable production of Eucalyptus, ecological assessments, and conservation.
How to quantify the response relationship between algal specific growth rate and marine environmental factors is the key to assess the hazard degree of red tide disasters. Firstly, a model for algal specific growth rate of Karenia mikimotoi based on the coupling effect of nutrient and temperature is established using laboratory algal culture data; secondly, the monthly hazard degree spatial distributions of K. mikimotoi red tide in Wenzhou coastal waters from January 2014 to December 2014 were obtained under the geographic information system (GIS) combining the MODIS satellite monthly average data with the assessment model. The results showed that (1) the algal specific growth rate relation model of K. mikimotoi was in accordance with Shelford's law of tolerance. (2) K. mikimotoi more likely caused red tide in Wenzhou coastal waters in May 2014 to July 2014, by contrast, it less likely induced red tide in other months of the same year. There are differences of the hazard degree of K. mikimotoi red tide disasters in the same months. These findings provide a technical basis to respond effectively to ecological disasters in Wenzhou coastal waters.
Appearance anxiety and depression have become common and global public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents. However, few studies have revealed the mechanisms between them. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and social support between appearance anxiety and depression among medical college students.
C14-functionalized steroids enabled diverse biological activities in anti-gonadotropin and anticancer therapy. However, access to C14-functionalized steroids was impeded by the deficiency of chemical synthetic methods. Recently, several membrane-bound fungal cytochrome P450s (CYPs) have been identified with steroid C14α-hydroxylation activity. However, the lack of efficient heterologous overexpression strategy hampered their further characterization and molecular engineering. In the present study, sequences of fungi-derived CYP genes encoding putative 14α-hydroxylase were selected and bioinformatically analyzed. Substitution of the N-terminal hydrophobic helix by a soluble maltose binding protein tag significantly enhanced the soluble expression level in Escherichia coli. A novel CYP originated from Bipolaris oryzae was discovered with high steroidal C14α-hydroxylation activity when coupled with the redox partner CPR
Taking Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2019 as research samples, in this paper, the authors empirically analyze the impact of technological innovation enthusiasm on innovation performance from a nonlinear perspective. The research finds that an inverted, U-shaped relationship exists between technological innovation enthusiasm and innovation performance, that is, to a certain extent, the improvement of the enthusiasm for technological innovation can improve the innovation performance of companies. However, when the enthusiasm for technological innovation reaches a certain degree, the innovation performance declines with the improvement of technological innovation enthusiasm. In addition, the moderating effect of CEO succession on the relationship between technological innovation enthusiasm and innovation performance is investigated from the perspective of corporate governance, and the research conclusions show that CEO succession strengthens the inverted, U-shaped relationship between technological innovation enthusiasm and innovation performance. This study further enriches the theoretical framework of technological innovation and corporate governance, and the relevant conclusions can provide certain theoretical reference for the innovation performance improvement of listed companies in China.
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