Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819750808%293%3A189%3A4201%3C419%3ACTOAEO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-NScience is currently published by American Association for the Advancement of Science.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/aaas.html.Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printedpage of such transmission.The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academicjournals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community takeadvantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.http://www.jstor.orgFri Jan 25 16:37:09 2008
In October 1862, Robert Mallet published an extensive study of a large earthquake that occurred on 16 December 1857, 150 km south‐east of Naples. This event is one of the most destructive ever recorded in Italy. Although continental earthquakes of similar size are almost invariably associated with surface faulting, Mallet did not identify any surface rupture and subsequent workers have also failed to find surface traces. Using satellite images and aerial photographs as a guide, we examined two prominent Quaternary normal fault systems in the field. Flanking the Val d’Agri and the Val di Diano, both trend NW–SE and dip to the SW. The distribution of damage suggests that one or both moved in 1857. On one fault segment in Val d’Agri, we found a 2.5‐m high scarp whose youthfulness and height suggest it is due to the 1857 earthquake. Comparison of the observed slip with rates derived from geomorphic evidence suggests a recurrence time for 1857 type events of about 3000 years. While the new data we provide are consistent with the event having a magnitude of M s ≈ 7.0, there are also grounds for supposing it might have been bigger.
Research Article| December 01, 1982 Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: New insights from simple experiments with plasticine P. Tapponnier; P. Tapponnier 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Matériax Terrestres, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar G. Peltzer; G. Peltzer 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Matériax Terrestres, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A. Y. Le Dain; A. Y. Le Dain 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Matériax Terrestres, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R. Armijo; R. Armijo 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Matériax Terrestres, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar P. Cobbold P. Cobbold 2Centre Armoricain d'Etude Structurale des Socles, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information P. Tapponnier 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Matériax Terrestres, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris, France G. Peltzer 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Matériax Terrestres, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris, France A. Y. Le Dain 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Matériax Terrestres, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris, France R. Armijo 1Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Matériax Terrestres, Institut de Physique du Globe, Université P. et M. Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75230 Paris, France P. Cobbold 2Centre Armoricain d'Etude Structurale des Socles, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (1982) 10 (12): 611–616. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<611:PETIAN>2.0.CO;2 Article history First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation P. Tapponnier, G. Peltzer, A. Y. Le Dain, R. Armijo, P. Cobbold; Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: New insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology 1982;; 10 (12): 611–616. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1982)10<611:PETIAN>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Plane indentation experiments on unilaterally confined blocks of plasticine help us to understand finite intracontinental deformation and the evolution of strike-slip faulting in eastern Asia. Several large left-lateral strike-slip faults may have been activated successively, essentially one at a time. The experiments suggest that the penetration of India into Asia has rotated (≈25°) and extruded (≈800 km) Indochina to the southeast along the then left-lateral Red River fault in the first 20 to 30 m.y. of the collision. This process can account for the opening of the South China Sea before late Miocene time. Extrusion tectonics then migrated north, activating the Altyn Tagh fault as a second major left-lateral fault and moving southern China hundreds of kilometres to the east. As this occurred, Indochina kept rotating clockwise (as much as 40°), but the sense of motion reversed on the Red River and other strike-slip faults in the south. Opening of the Mergui basin and Andaman Sea (up to the present) also appears to be a simple kinematic consequence of the extrusion. Recent rifts in northeastern China and Yunnan may be considered incipient analogs of the South China and Andaman Seas. Other Tertiary tectonic features such as the sedimentary basins of the Gulf of Thailand may be explained as collisional effects, if one uses our experiments as a guide. The experiments also suggest that a major left-lateral strike-slip fault and rift system will propagate across the Tien Shan, Mongolia, and Baikal to the Sea of Okhotsk. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Orthogneiss samples taken from the Kongur antiform show ages varying from 2 Ma to 1 Ma for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of biotites and muscovites and fission tracks on apatites, leading to cooling rates of 150°C/m.y. Modeling of K‐feldspars highlights the effect of a range of diffusion domains with contrasting diffusion characteristics, yielding closure temperatures from 400° to 150°C. The feldspar data document the cooling history since 5 Ma and indicate a sudden change in cooling rates of the antiform at 2 Ma. At that time, cooling increases by a factor of 5, from an average of 20°C/m.y. to a minimum of 150°C/m.y. Consideration of the regional thermal history, ongoing uplift, and erosional history of the antiform during the Quaternary suggests that denudation rates have been of the order of 5–7 km/m.y. since 2 m.y. ago and could be associated with significant upward surface movement triggered by major normal faulting. The antiform is interpreted to have formed during thrusting at the Pamir front as a result of the development of thrust ramps and normal faulting at the crustal scale. Ramp stacking is an important process of mountain building, and normal faulting in this context must be regarded as a very efficient way of building high relief.
A new detailed palaeomagnetic study of Tertiary volcanics, including extensive K‐Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating, helps constrain the deformation mechanisms related to the opening processes of the Afar depression (Ethiopia and Djibouti). Much of the Afar depression is bounded by 30 Myr old flood basalts and floored by the ca 2 Myr old Stratoid basalts, and evidence for pre‐2 Ma deformation processes is accessible only on its borders. K‐Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of several mineral phases from rhyolitic samples from the Ali Sabieh block shows indistinguishable ages around 20 Myr. These ages can be linked to separation of this block in relation to continental breakup. Different amounts of rotation are found to the north and south of the Holhol fault zone, which cuts across the northern part of the Ali Sabieh block. The southern domain did not record any rotation for the last 8 Myr, whereas the northern domain experienced approximately 12 ± 9° of clockwise rotation. We propose to link this rotation to the counter‐clockwise rotation observed in the Danakil block since 7 Ma. This provides new constraints on the early phases of rifting and opening of the southern Afar depression in connection with the propagation of the Aden ridge. A kinematic model of propagation and transfer of extension within southern Afar is proposed, with particular emphasis on the previously poorly‐known period from 10 to 4 Ma.
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