Bryan Krape

Curtin University

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Ian R. Fletcher

Curtin University

Birger Rasmussen

University of Western Australia

Stefan Müller

University of Bonn

Neal J. McNaughton

Curtin University

Mark Barley

University of Western Australia

A.K. Sener

Pioneer (United States)

Janet R. Muhling

University of Western Australia

David I. Groves

University of Western Australia

Daniela A. Vallini

Woodside (Australia)

Carl S. Young

Prozomix (United Kingdom)

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University of Western Australia

Curtin University

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University of Bonn

Stanford University

Georgia Southern University

Hausdorff Center for Mathematics

University of Minnesota

Korea Institute for Advanced Study

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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Major orogenic gold episode associated with Cordilleran-style tectonics related to the assembly of Paleoproterozoic Australia?

Geology (2005)

A.K. Sener Carl S. Young David I. Groves Bryan KrapeIan R. Fletcher

Research Article| March 01, 2005 Major orogenic gold episode associated with Cordilleran-style tectonics related to the assembly of Paleoproterozoic Australia? A. Kerim Şener; A. Kerim Şener 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Carl Young; Carl Young 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar David I. Groves; David I. Groves 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bryan Krapež; Bryan Krapež 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ian R. Fletcher Ian R. Fletcher 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information A. Kerim Şener 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Carl Young 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia David I. Groves 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Bryan Krapež 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Ian R. Fletcher 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 14 Jul 2004 Revision Received: 18 Nov 2004 Accepted: 26 Nov 2004 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2005) 33 (3): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1130/G21017.1 Article history Received: 14 Jul 2004 Revision Received: 18 Nov 2004 Accepted: 26 Nov 2004 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation A. Kerim Şener, Carl Young, David I. Groves, Bryan Krapež, Ian R. Fletcher; Major orogenic gold episode associated with Cordilleran-style tectonics related to the assembly of Paleoproterozoic Australia?. Geology 2005;; 33 (3): 225–228. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G21017.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract New in situ sensitive high-resolution ion-microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb analyses of hydrothermal phosphates associated with orogenic gold mineralization in the Paleoproterozoic Ashburton and Pine Creek gold provinces of northern Australia provide ages of ca. 1740 and ca. 1730 Ma, respectively. Argon-argon analyses of gold-related hydrothermal mica from the Tanami gold province of northern Australia provide ages ca. 1730 Ma. It is important to note that late orogenic events across the western half of Australia coincide with gold metallogenesis across this time interval, in several widely separated provinces. Thus, this orogenic gold episode is interpreted to relate to tectonic events during the amalgamation of various continental blocks to form Paleoproterozoic Australia. It is potentially Earth's best-preserved record of orogenic gold formation during a major early Precambrian continental assembly event. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Metallogeny

Forge

10.1130/g21017.1

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Giant iron-ore deposits of the Hamersley province related to the breakup of Paleoproterozoic Australia: New insights from in situ SHRIMP dating of baddeleyite from mafic intrusions

Geology (2005)

Stefan Müller Bryan KrapeMark Barley Ian R. Fletcher

Research Article| July 01, 2005 Giant iron-ore deposits of the Hamersley province related to the breakup of Paleoproterozoic Australia: New insights from in situ SHRIMP dating of baddeleyite from mafic intrusions Stefan G. Müller; Stefan G. Müller 1School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bryan Krapež; Bryan Krapež 1School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Mark E. Barley; Mark E. Barley 1School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ian R. Fletcher Ian R. Fletcher 1School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2005) 33 (7): 577–580. https://doi.org/10.1130/G21482.1 Article history received: 21 Dec 2004 rev-recd: 16 Mar 2005 accepted: 17 Mar 2005 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Stefan G. Müller, Bryan Krapež, Mark E. Barley, Ian R. Fletcher; Giant iron-ore deposits of the Hamersley province related to the breakup of Paleoproterozoic Australia: New insights from in situ SHRIMP dating of baddeleyite from mafic intrusions. Geology 2005;; 33 (7): 577–580. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G21482.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Banded iron formations of the ca. 2770–2405 Ma Hamersley province of Western Australia were locally upgraded to high-grade hematite ores during the Early Paleoproterozoic by a combination of hypogene and supergene processes after the initial rise of atmospheric oxygen. Ore genesis was associated with the stratigraphic break between the Lower and Upper Wyloo Groups of the Ashburton province, and has been variously linked to the Ophthalmian orogeny, late-orogenic extensional collapse, and anorogenic continental extension. Small-spot in situ Pb/Pb dating of baddeleyite by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) has resolved the ages of two key suites of mafic intrusions, constraining for the first time the tectonic evolution of the Ashburton province and the age and setting of iron-ore formation. Mafic sills dated as ca. 2208 Ma were folded during the Ophthalmian orogeny and then cut by the unconformity at the base of the Lower Wyloo Group. A mafic dike swarm that intrudes the Lower Wyloo Group and has a close genetic relationship to iron ore is ca. 2008 Ma, slightly younger than a new syneruptive 2031 ± 6 Ma zircon age for the Lower Wyloo Group. These new ages constrain the Ophthalmian orogeny to the period between ca. 2208 and 2031 Ma, before Lower Wyloo Group extension, sedimentation, and flood-basalt volcanism. The ca. 2008 Ma dikes pre s ent a new maximum age for iron-ore genesis and deposition of the Upper Wyloo Group, thereby linking ore genesis to a ca. 2050–2000 Ma period of continental extension similarly recorded by Paleoproterozoic terrains worldwide well after the initial oxidation of the atmosphere by ca. 2320 Ma. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Baddeleyite

10.1130/g21482.1

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Hematite replacement of iron-bearing precursor sediments in the 3.46-b.y.-old Marble Bar Chert, Pilbara craton, Australia

Geological Society of America Bulletin (2014)

Birger Rasmussen Bryan KrapeJanet R. Muhling

Research Article| September 01, 2014 Hematite replacement of iron-bearing precursor sediments in the 3.46-b.y.-old Marble Bar Chert, Pilbara craton, Australia Birger Rasmussen; Birger Rasmussen † 1Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia †E-mail: B.Rasmussen@curtin.edu.au Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bryan Krapež; Bryan Krapež 1Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Janet R. Muhling Janet R. Muhling 1Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia2CMCA, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Birger Rasmussen † 1Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia Bryan Krapež 1Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia Janet R. Muhling 1Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia2CMCA, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia †E-mail: B.Rasmussen@curtin.edu.au Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 19 Dec 2013 Revision Received: 17 Mar 2014 Accepted: 17 Apr 2014 First Online: 08 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 © 2014 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (2014) 126 (9-10): 1245–1258. https://doi.org/10.1130/B31049.1 Article history Received: 19 Dec 2013 Revision Received: 17 Mar 2014 Accepted: 17 Apr 2014 First Online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Birger Rasmussen, Bryan Krapež, Janet R. Muhling; Hematite replacement of iron-bearing precursor sediments in the 3.46-b.y.-old Marble Bar Chert, Pilbara craton, Australia. GSA Bulletin 2014;; 126 (9-10): 1245–1258. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B31049.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The history of atmospheric oxygen prior to the Great Oxidation Event (2.45–2.2 Ga) is not well understood. Hematite in the Marble Bar Chert from a NASA-funded drill hole (ABDP1) in the Pilbara craton, Australia, has been cited as evidence for an oxygenated ocean 3.46 b.y. ago. However, isotopic data from the same drill hole have been used to argue for an anoxic ocean. It is generally agreed that the hematite is primary, representing either a direct hydrothermal precipitate or a dehydration product of iron oxyhydroxides that formed during anoxygenic photosynthesis. Here we present new petrographic evidence from the Marble Bar Chert (in drill hole ABDP1) that shows that hematite in jasper bands formed via mineral replacement reactions. The hematite mostly occurs as sub-micron–sized inclusions within chert (so-called "dusty" hematite) that are typically arranged into polygonal clusters surrounded by a rim of clear quartz, resembling shrinkage structures. The lateral transition from laminated chert enclosing minute inclusions of greenalite, siderite, and magnetite to chert dominated by dusty hematite provides evidence for in situ replacement of iron-bearing minerals. The presence of hematite-rich bands containing octahedral crystals with residual cores of magnetite indicates that some of the hematite was derived from the replacement of magnetite. This interpretation is supported by the widespread occurrence of magnetite in jasper displaying progressive stages of replacement, from unaltered octahedral inclusions in quartz to hematite pseudomorphs along quartz grain boundaries. The occurrence of dusty hematite in fractures, sedimentary laminae, and the outer margins of polygonal clusters containing greenalite is consistent with fluid-mediated oxidation of iron-rich precursor minerals. The presence of syn-sedimentary chert breccias comprising rotated fragments of laminated chert indicates that the precursor sediment was silicified shortly after deposition. The abundance of "dusty" greenalite inclusions, which are texturally the earliest components of the laminated chert, suggests that the precursor sediment contained an iron-rich clay mineral. Our results show that hematite has replaced ferrous-rich minerals after deposition and provide a mechanism to explain the origin of hematite in the Marble Bar Chert, which is consistent with the origin of hematite in adjacent basalts. A secondary origin for hematite invalidates arguments for an oxygen-bearing ocean ∼3.46 b.y. ago and provides a viable explanation for the formation of Archean jasper bands. Our findings show that misinterpretations about the origin of hematite in early Precambrian cherts could lead to false conclusions about the chemistry of the ancient ocean and atmosphere. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

10.1130/b31049.1

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Obtaining diagenetic ages from metamorphosed sedimentary rocks: U-Pb dating of unusually coarse xenotime cement in phosphatic sandstone

Geology (2002)

Daniela A. Vallini Birger Rasmussen Bryan KrapeIan R. Fletcher Neal J. McNaughton

Research Article| December 01, 2002 Obtaining diagenetic ages from metamorphosed sedimentary rocks: U-Pb dating of unusually coarse xenotime cement in phosphatic sandstone Daniela Vallini; Daniela Vallini 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Birger Rasmussen; Birger Rasmussen 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bryan Krapež; Bryan Krapež 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ian R. Fletcher; Ian R. Fletcher 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Neal J. McNaughton Neal J. McNaughton 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Daniela Vallini 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Birger Rasmussen 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Bryan Krapež 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Ian R. Fletcher 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Neal J. McNaughton 1Centre for Global Metallogeny, School of Earth and Geographic Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 10 Apr 2002 Revision Received: 07 Aug 2002 Accepted: 08 Aug 2002 First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2002) 30 (12): 1083–1086. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1083:ODAFMS>2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 10 Apr 2002 Revision Received: 07 Aug 2002 Accepted: 08 Aug 2002 First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Daniela Vallini, Birger Rasmussen, Bryan Krapež, Ian R. Fletcher, Neal J. McNaughton; Obtaining diagenetic ages from metamorphosed sedimentary rocks: U-Pb dating of unusually coarse xenotime cement in phosphatic sandstone. Geology 2002;; 30 (12): 1083–1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1083:ODAFMS>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract The depositional age of nonfossiliferous, metamorphosed sedimentary rocks is commonly bracketed between the age of the youngest detrital mineral and the age of the oldest metamorphic mineral. The technique of dating diagenetic xenotime by ion microprobe can provide robust minimum ages for sediment deposition. However, in most cases, xenotime is only a few microns (μm) in size and rarely exceeds 10 μm, the minimum size for in situ ion microprobe analysis. Phosphatic sandstone in the greenschist facies Mount Barren Group, in southwestern Australia, contains unusually abundant xenotime occurring as exceptionally coarse (200 μm) pore-filling cement that nucleated on detrital zircon grains. The optimum environmental site for the formation of the cement was sand beds within a black shale condensed section. Analysis of xenotime by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe yields two age populations, 1696 ± 7 Ma for cement adjacent to detrital zircon grains, and 1646 ± 8 Ma for outer zones. Preserved textures show that initial xenotime growth was early diagenetic, establishing the ca. 1700 Ma age as a proxy for the depositional age of the Mount Barren Group. The younger age (ca. 1650 Ma) is regarded as burial related. The xenotime data reduce considerably the previous limits on the age of the succession, i.e., between ca. 1850 Ma (youngest zircon population) and ca. 1200 Ma (peak metamorphism). The significant achievement of our results is establishing that early diagenetic xenotime retains its physical form and U-Pb isotopic age despite greenschist-facies metamorphism and penetrative deformation. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Metallogeny

Western europe

10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1083:odafms>2.0.co;2

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Bryan Krape