Jeffrey G. Arnold

Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory

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Raghavan Srinivasan

Texas A&M University

Michael J. White

Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory

Peter M. Allen

Baylor University

Katrin Bieger

Aarhus University

Haw Yen

Auburn University

Philip W. Gassman

Iowa State University

C. Santhi

Florida State University

Ryan T. Bailey

Colorado State University

J. R. Williams

Texas A&M University

Hendrik Rathjens

Purdue University West Lafayette

Cooperative Institutions

Agricultural Research Service

Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory

Texas A&M University

United States Department of Agriculture

Iowa State University

Purdue University West Lafayette

United States Geological Survey

Texas A&M University System

University of Maryland, College Park

The Ohio State University

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Evaluation of bioenergy crop growth and the impacts of bioenergy crops on streamflow, tile drain flow and nutrient losses in an extensively tile-drained watershed using SWAT

The Science of The Total Environment (2017)

Tian Guo Raj Cibin Indrajeet Chaubey Margaret W. Gitau Jeffrey G. Arnold

Corn stover

Stover

Panicum virgatum

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.148

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Citations (59)

Some Challenges in Hydrologic Model Calibration for Large-Scale Studies: A Case Study of SWAT Model Application to Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin

Hydrology (2019)

Narayanan Kannan C. Santhi Michael J. White Sushant Mehan Jeffrey G. Arnold

This study is a part of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) aimed to quantify the environmental and economic benefits of conservation practices implemented in the cultivated cropland throughout the United States. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model under the Hydrologic United Modeling of the United States (HUMUS) framework was used in the study. An automated flow calibration procedure was developed and used to calibrate runoff for each 8-digit watershed (within 20% of calibration target) and the partitioning of runoff into surface and sub-surface flow components (within 10% of calibration target). Streamflow was validated at selected gauging stations along major rivers within the river basin with a target R2 of >0.6 and Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency of >0.5. The study area covered the entire Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). Based on the results obtained, our analysis pointed out multiple challenges to calibration such as: (1) availability of good quality data, (2) accounting for multiple reservoirs within a sub-watershed, (3) inadequate accounting of elevation and slopes in mountainous regions, (4) poor representation of carrying capacity of channels, (5) inadequate capturing of the irrigation return flows, (6) inadequate representation of vegetative cover, and (7) poor representation of water abstractions (both surface and groundwater). Additional outstanding challenges to large-scale hydrologic model calibration were the coarse spatial scale of soils, land cover, and topography.

Hydrological modelling

Land Cover

SWAT model

10.3390/hydrology6010017

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Citations (28)

On-Site Assessment of Extractable Soil Nutrients after Long-Term Biosolid Applications to Perennial Forage

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis (2015)

Richard L. Haney Virginia L. Jin Mari‐Vaughn V. Johnson Michael J. White Jeffrey G. Arnold

The objective of this study was to evaluate soil nutrient loading and depth distributions of extractable nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) after long-term, continuous annual surface applications of anaerobically digested class B biosolids at a municipal recycling facility in central Texas. Commercial forage production fields of coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) were surface applied at 0, 20, 40, or 60 Mg dry biosolids ha−1 y−1 for 8 years. Application duration was evaluated in fields treated with 20 Mg dry biosolids ha−1 y−1 for 0, 8, or 20 years. Total soil loads of extractable inorganic N and P increased linearly with application rate, but only extractable P increased with duration. Neither total load nor soil distribution of extractable K was affected by biosolid applications. Mineralization of biosolid-derived organic N and P likely contributed to elevated concentrations of nitrate throughout the soil profile (0–110 cm) and orthophosphate in surface soils (0–40 cm).

Biosolids

Cynodon dactylon

Soil test

10.1080/00103624.2015.1011751

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Citations (7)

Simulation of Daily Flow Pathways, Tile‐Drain Nitrate Concentrations, and Soil‐Nitrogen Dynamics Using SWAT

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association (2017)

Charles D. Ikenberry Michelle L. Soupir Matthew J. Helmers William G. Crumpton Jeffrey G. Arnold

Abstract Tile drainage significantly alters flow and nutrient pathways and reliable simulation at this scale is needed for effective planning of nutrient reduction strategies. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool ( SWAT ) has been widely utilized for prediction of flow and nutrient loads, but few applications have evaluated the model's ability to simulate pathway‐specific flow components or nitrate‐nitrogen ( NO 3 ‐N) concentrations in tile‐drained watersheds at the daily time step. The objectives of this study were to develop and calibrate SWAT models for small, tile‐drained watersheds, evaluate model performance for simulation of flow components and NO 3 ‐N concentration at daily intervals, and evaluate simulated soil‐nitrogen dynamics. Model evaluation revealed that it is possible to meet accepted performance criteria for simulation of monthly total flow, subsurface flow ( SSF ), and NO 3 ‐N loads while obtaining daily surface runoff ( SURQ ), SSF , and NO 3 ‐N concentrations that are not satisfactory. This limits model utility for simulating best management practices ( BMP s) and compliance with water quality standards. Although SWAT simulates the soil N‐cycle and most predicted fluxes were within ranges reported in agronomic studies, improvements to algorithms for soil‐N processes are needed. Variability in N fluxes is extreme and better parameterization and constraint, through use of more detailed agronomic data, would also improve NO 3 ‐N simulation in SWAT . Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series .

Tile drainage

SWAT model

Simulation Modeling

10.1111/1752-1688.12569

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Citations (26)

A GIS‐Coupled Hydrological Model System for the Watershed Assessment of Agricultural Nonpoint and Point Sources of Pollution

Transactions in GIS (2003)

Mauro Di Luzio Raghavan Srinivasan Jeffrey G. Arnold

Abstract This paper introduces AVSWAT, a GIS based hydrological system linking the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) water quality model and ArcView“ Geographic Information System software. The main purpose of AVSWAT is the combined assess‐ment of nonpoint and point pollution loading at the watershed scale. The GIS component of the system, in addition to the traditional functions of data acquisition, storage, organization and display, implements advanced analytical methods with enhanced flexibility to improve the hydrological characterization of a study watershed. Intuitive user friendly graphic interfaces, also part of the GIS component, have been developed to provide an efficient interaction with the model and the associated parameter databases, and ultimately to simplify water quality assessments, while maintaining and increasing their reliability. This is also supported by SWAT, the core of the system, a complex, conceptual, hydrologic, continuous model with spatially explicit parameterization, building upon the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) modeling experience. A step‐by‐step example application for a watershed in Central Texas is also included to verify the capability and illustrate some of the characteristics of the system which has been adopted by many users around the world.

Component (thermodynamics)

SWAT model

Conceptual model

10.1111/j.1467-9671.2004.00170.x

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Citations (173)

SWAT ungauged: Water quality modeling in the Upper Mississippi River Basin

Journal of Hydrology (2020)

Junyu Qi Xuesong Zhang Qichuan Yang Raghavan Srinivasan Jeffrey G. Arnold

SWAT model

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124601

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Citations (58)

Integrated assessment of nitrogen runoff to the Gulf of Mexico

Resource and Energy Economics (2021)

Yuelu Xu Levan Elbakidze Haw Yen Jeffrey G. Arnold Philip W. Gassman

An integrated hydro-economic agricultural land use model was developed with endogenous and spatially explicit crop planting, nitrogen (N) fertilizer use and irrigation in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). We used the model to quantify the effects of energy and N fertilizer prices on N runoff to the Gulf of Mexico. Results show a modest effect of energy costs and a more substantive impact of N fertilizer costs on N delivered to the Gulf of Mexico. A 30 % reduction (increase) in N fertilizer price leads to a 3.5 % and 1.5 % increase (2.9 % and 1.5 % decrease) in N use and runoff, respectively. The model was also used to estimate the opportunity cost of N runoff abatement. The opportunity cost of reducing N runoff from crop production to the Gulf by 45 % is estimated to be $6 billion annually, which corresponds to an average cost of $29.3 per kg of N runoff reduction. The results show heterogeneities in the optimal N runoff reduction efforts across counties within the MRB, demonstrating the significance of a targeted abatement strategy.

10.1016/j.reseneeco.2021.101279

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Citations (15)

Modeling agro-hydrological surface-subsurface processes in a semi-arid, intensively irrigated river basin

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies (2025)

Salam A. Abbas Ryan T. Bailey Jeffrey G. Arnold Michael White Ali Mirchi

10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102188

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Citations (0)

A comprehensive surface-groundwater flow model

Journal of Hydrology (1993)

Jeffrey G. Arnold Peter M. Allen Gilbert Bernhardt

Groundwater model

Hydrological modelling

10.1016/0022-1694(93)90004-s

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Citations (938)

Development of a Station Based Climate Database for SWAT and APEX Assessments in the US

Water (2017)

Michael J. White Marilyn Gambone Elizabeth B. Haney Jeffrey G. Arnold Jungang Gao

Water quality simulation models such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Agricultural Policy EXtender (APEX) are widely used in the US. These models require large amounts of spatial and tabular data to simulate the natural world. Accurate and seamless daily climatic data are critical for accurate depiction of the hydrologic cycle, yet these data are among the most difficult to obtain and process. In this paper we describe the development of a national (US) database of preprocessed climate data derived from monitoring stations applicable to USGS 12-digit watersheds. Various sources and processing methods are explored and discussed. A relatively simple method was employed to choose representative stations for each of the 83,000 12-digit watersheds in the continental US. Fully processed climate data resulting from this research were published online to facilitate other SWAT and APEX modeling efforts in the US.

Apex (geometry)

10.3390/w9060437

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Citations (22)