H. Roy Krouse

University of Calgary

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Martin O. Jeffries

Office of Naval Research

Ian Hutcheon

University of Calgary

Bernhard Mayer

University of Calgary

Akira Ueda

University of Toyama

G. Holdsworth

University of Calgary

Ian M. Lange

University of Montana

Harold V. Serson

Marymount University

Stuart A. Harris

University of Calgary

K. Morris

Universidad del Noreste

Haidong Peng

The Ohio State University

Cooperative Institutions

University of Calgary

University of Alaska Fairbanks

University of Alberta

Geological Survey of Canada

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

United States Geological Survey

Natural Resources Canada

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

United States Army

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A 10-yr record of stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation at Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Tellus B (2004)

Haidong Peng Bernhard Mayer Stuart A. Harris H. Roy Krouse

Short-term (0.5–3 d) precipitation samples were collected from January 1992 to December 2001 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (2H/1H) and oxygen (18O/16O) for these samples were determined. The 10-yr amount-weighted average δ2H and δ18O values of precipitation were −136.1° and −17.9°, respectively. Consistent with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) established practice, the following local meteoric water line (LMWL) for Calgary was derived using amount-weighted monthly average δ2H and δ18O values: δ2H = 7.68 δ18O −0.21 (r2= 0.96, n= 104). The correlation equation between δ2H and δ18O values from individual samples was found to be δ2H = 7.10 δ18O −13.64 (r2= 0.95, n= 839), which is different from the LMWL, exhibiting lower slope and intercept values. A comparison of δ2H and δ18O correlation equations with temperature during precipitation events showed a trend of decreasing slopes and intercepts with increasing temperature. Our data suggest that this is caused by incorporation of moisture derived from evaporation from water bodies and soils along the storm paths and by secondary evaporation between the cloud base and the ground during precipitation events. These processes compromise the usefulness of d-excess values as an indicator for the meteorological conditions in the maritime source regions. The δ18O temperature dependence at Calgary was found to be ⊼ 0.44°¼C−1. The study shows that short-term sampling of individual precipitation events yields valuable information, which is not obtainable by the widely used monthly collection programs.

δ18O

Oxygen-18

10.3402/tellusb.v56i2.16410

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Citations (102)

Altitudinal variation of the stable isotopes of snow in regions of high relief

Journal of Glaciology (2002)

G. Holdsworth H. Roy Krouse

Abstract A major discontinuity in the variation of δ 18 O ( δ D) with altitude in high mountains was first seen in data from Mount Logan, YukonTerritory, Canada (Holdsworth and others, 1991). The profile of δ vs altitude revealed three well-defined regions: (1) a lower, monotonic, fractionation sequence below ∼3 km; (2) a middle layer, typically 1–2 km thick, within which δ values are nearly constant or stepped with altitude, and (3) part of another fractionation sequence in the “quasi-geostrophic flow region” above ∼5.3 km. The middle region was inferred to be a “mixed layer”, combining moisture from regions (1) and (3). This type of structure is now seen to occur on other high-altitude mountains, including Cerro Aconcagua, Argentina, where observations reach almost 7 km. The new observations confirm the general occurrence of a multi-layered atmosphere during precipitation at high-altitude glacier sites. This structure is linked to synoptic-scale polar cyclones, where the middle layer is identified as being the signature of the warm-front zone. These results have implications for the common practice of using a specific, spatially derived, isotopic thermometer in the time domain for the paleoclimatic interpretation of high-altitude ice-core δ records.

10.3189/172756502781831638

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Citations (27)

Stable isotope and major element compositions of fluid inclusions in Devonian and Cambrian dolomite cements, western Canada

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (1995)

Wenbo Yangp Ronald I. Spencer H. Roy Krouse

10.1016/0016-7037(95)00204-d

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Citations (17)

Highly 13C-enriched carbonate and organic matter in the Neoproterozoic sediments of the BambuíGroup, Brazil

Precambrian Research (1995)

Brijesh Iyer Marly Babinski H. Roy Krouse F CHEMALEJR

Carbonate platform

10.1016/0301-9268(94)00082-3

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Citations (75)

Sulphur isotope compositions of sulphides and sulphates, DSDP Leg³⁷

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (1977)

H. Roy Krouse Hugh M. Brown R. B. Farquharson

Sulphur isotope abundances were determined for 15 sedimentary and 9 basalt specimens from DSDP Leg 37 cores. Sedimentary sulphides had δ 34 S values as low as −54‰, which is consistent with isotopic selectivity during bacterial sulphate reduction. The δ 34 S values for soluble sedimentary sulphates were generally lower than ocean water sulphate. This is probably due to contributions of oxidized sedimentary sulphides. Pyrite in basalt fractures had δ 34 S values ranging from −33‰ to −5‰. An unique interpretation of these data is not possible at this time.

Isotopes of sulfur

10.1139/e77-078

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Citations (17)

Chemical and isotopic evidence of thermochemical sulphate reduction by light hydrocarbon gases in deep carbonate reservoirs

Nature (1988)

H. Roy Krouse Christian A. Viau Leslie Eliuk Akira Ueda Stan Halas

Carbon fibers

10.1038/333415a0

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Citations (423)

Geological setting of the Sullivan orebody and estimates of temperatures and pressure of metamorphism

Economic Geology (1976)

Valerie G. Ethier F. A. Campbell R. A. Both H. Roy Krouse

The Sullivan mine is the largest of several stratiform lead-zinc-silver deposits located near Kimberley in southeastern British Columbia. The ore is enclosed in beds of the Aldridge Formation (Purcell Supergroup), a sequence of middle Proterozoic metasediments of greenschist metamorphic grade.Recent experimental data on the systems Fe-Zn-S and Fe-As-S should provide a basis for evaluation of the P-T conditions of metamorphism of the ore. The composition of sphalerite was determined in samples representing all major ore-bearing stratigraphic horizons. The mean weight percent FeS of sphalerite in samples containing the assemblage sphalerite-pyrrhotite-pyrite is 13.0 (14.2 mole percent). If it is assumed that the sphalerite equilibrated with hexagonal pyrrhotite and pyrite, and has remained unchanged, this composition suggests a pressure of approximately 5 kilobars (Scott, 1973), well in excess of that which can be accounted for by present estimates of lithostatic load during the East Kootenay Orogeny. Analyses of sphalerite from the sphalerite-pyrrhotite assemblage indicate that sphalerite composition is essentially homogeneous if pyrrhotite is present and does not reflect the presence or absence of pyrite.Studies of the pyrrhotite using a magnetic colloid indicate that monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotite coexist and are both volumetrically significant, although a number of factors have influenced the extent of the inversion of hexagonal to monoclinic form. It appears that sphalerite in the Sullivan orebody has re-equilibrated in response, perhaps, to oxidizing conditions and cannot be used as a barometer of peak metamorphic conditions for this orebody.Arsenopyrite in samples of Sullivan ore were also analyzed using the electron microprobe. Arsenopyrite coexisting with pyrrhotite and pyrite in the footwall contained 32.3 atomic percent As and that in the hanging wall contained 33.0 atomic percent; these compositions indicate temperatures in the range of 400 degrees to 491 degrees C. Temperatures indicated by the fractionation of sulfur isotopes between sphalerite and galena in ten samples show large variation but average 300 degrees or 340 degrees C, depending on the experimental curve used in the determination. Oxygen isotope fractionation between quartz and magnetite suggests temperatures of 400 degrees to 560 degrees .

Arsenopyrite

Greenschist

10.2113/gsecongeo.71.8.1570

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Citations (34)

Sulphur gas emissions in the Boreal Forest: The West Whitecourt case study V. Stable sulphur isotopes

Water Air & Soil Pollution (1984)

H. Roy Krouse A.H. Legge Hugh M. Brown

δ34S

Terrestrial ecosystem

Prevailing winds

10.1007/bf00159353

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Citations (55)

Climatic indicators in an ice core from the Yukon [abstract]

G. Holdsworth S. Fogarasi H. Roy Krouse M. Nosal

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): Stable isotope data obtained from snow and ice cores retrieved from an altitude of 5340m on Mt. Logan (60°30'N; 140°36'W) indicate that isotopic seasons are not generally in phase with calendar seasons. The former are phase lagged with respect to the latter by up to several months and appear to be correlated with SST'S and ocean heat transfer curves and/or the position of the Aleutian low rather than with air temperature or the temperature difference between the ocean surface and the core site.

Ice core

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Depositional environment of the snow cover on West Antarctic pack-ice floes

Annals of Glaciology (1994)

Martin O. Jeffries A.L. Veazey K. Morris H. Roy Krouse

The depth, density, load and isotopic (δ 18 O) composition of the snow cover on pack-ice floes were measured in late austral summer 1992 in the eastern Ross, Amundsen and western Bellingshausen Seas. Snow-density values commonly exceeded 350 kg m -3 and some were as high as 500 kg m -3 . The densification of the snow occurs quickly and is attributed to a windy environment. The high density and sometimes considerable depth of the snow on the floes accounts for loads of as much as 700 kg m -2 and resultant sea-water flooding of the underlying sea ice. Lower mean δ 18 O values in the Ross/Amundsen Seas snow cover suggest that the region might have a cooler climate than the Bellingshausen Sea region. Snow depths on floes in the Bellingshausen Sea region were lower than those in the Ross/Amundsen Seas region, because the Bellingshausen Sea floes were first-year ice. Possible annual units in the isotope profiles of snow, as much as 2m deep, indicate that floes in the Ross/Amundsen Seas region were 2-3 years old.

10.3189/1994aog20-1-33-38

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Citations (8)