Raditya Putra

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

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Hanik Humaida

Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Agus Santoso

ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science

François Beauducel

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Virginie Pinel

Université Savoie Mont Blanc

Akhmad Solikhin

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Shan Grémion

Institut des Sciences de la Terre

Karim Kelfoun

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Dewi Sri Sayudi

Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Nurnaning Aisyah

Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Tara Shreve

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

United States Geological Survey

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Cascades Volcano Observatory

Institut des Sciences de la Terre

Université Savoie Mont Blanc

Université Gustave Eiffel

Université Grenoble Alpes

Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

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Growth and collapse of the 2018–2019 lava dome of Merapi volcano

Bulletin of Volcanology (2021)

Karim Kelfoun Agus Santoso Thierry Latchimy Martial Bontemps Ilham Nurdien

Lava dome

Dome (geology)

Volcanic cone

Stratovolcano

10.1007/s00445-020-01428-x

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Citations (29)

Tracking the evolution of the Merapi volcano crater area by high-resolution satellite imagery

Virginie Pinel Raditya Putra Akhmad Solikhin François Beauducel Agus Santoso

Located about 30 km north of the city of Yogyakarta, Merapi is considered as one of the most dangerous volcano of Indonesia with 3000 to 5000 fatalities since 1672 and about two million people living at less than 30 km from the crater. The recent eruptive history of Merapi is characterized by two eruptive styles: 1) recurrent effusive growth of viscous lava domes, with gravitational collapses producing pyroclastic flows known as &#171; Merapi-type nu&#233;es ardentes &#187; (VEI 2); 2) more exceptional explosive eruptions of relatively large size (VEI 3-4), associated with column collapse pyroclastic flows reaching distances larger than 15 km from the summit. The eruptive periodicity is 4 to 5 years for the effusive events and 50 to 100 years for the explosive ones. The last explosive events (VEI 3-4) occurred in November 2010 and opened a 500m wide and 250m deep crater. After the 2010 eruption, the activity has been reduced. We used TerraSAR-X data to characterize eruptive deposits emplaced during the 2010 event as well as sudden destabilization of crater walls. The activity increased significantly during the spring of 2018 when several phreatic eruptions were recorded with ash emission reaching an elevation of more than 5 kilometers. The 11th of August 2018 a new dome was observed inside the summit crater, thus marking the start of a new phase of effusive activity. It is essential to be able to quantitatively follow the temporal evolution of the dome shape and volume through time as its potential destabilisation would produce pyroclastic flow on the volcano flank. A time series of five tri-stereo Pleiades optical images, acquired between February and September 2019, is used to produce High Resolution DEMs of Merapi summit area with a spatial resolution of 3 m and a vertical precision of 1 m. By using a DEM derived from Pleiades stereo images acquired in April 2013 as a reference, the dome volume evolution through time is estimated. We show that the dome had already reached a volume around 0.5 Mm3 (+- 0.02Mm3) end of February 2019 corresponding to a mean effusive rate of 3000 m3/day during 6 months and that its size remained constant after February 2019. These results are consistent with volume estimations derived from drone measurements. However DEMs derived from Pleiades images enable to monitor a larger area and reveal accumulation of eruptive deposits due to dome destabilization a few hundreds of meters below the dome. The magma effusive rate thus remained significant but was reduced to 250 m3/day from February to September 2019.

Dome (geology)

Phreatic eruption

Lava dome

Elevation (ballistics)

Phreatic

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5415

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Citations (2)

Tracking the evolution of the summit lava dome of Merapi volcano between 2018 and 2019 using DEMs derived from TanDEM-X and Pléiades data

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2022)

Shan Grémion Virginie Pinel Tara Shreve François Beauducel Raditya Putra

Lava dome

Dome (geology)

Elevation (ballistics)

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107732

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Citations (7)

Assessing the Pyroclastic Density Current Hazards at Merapi: From Field Data to Numerical Simulations and Hazard Maps

Active volcanoes of the world (2023)

Sylvain Charbonnier Karim Kelfoun Christina Widiwijayanti Dewi Sri Sayudi Raditya Putra

Volcanic hazards

10.1007/978-3-031-15040-1_16

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Citations (3)

Monitoring of Merapi volcano, Indonesia based on Sentinel-1 data

Virginie Pinel François Beauducel Raditya Putra Sulis Sulistiyani Gusti Made Agung Nandaka

Despite the well-established interest of Synthetic Aperture Radar data for volcanoes study and monitoring, their integration to operational monitoring activities in volcanoes observatories remains limited so far. We here describe the effort in progress to integrate in near real time the information derived from Sentinel-1 satellites into the monitoring devices at BBPTKG in charge of Merapi volcano survey as well as the use of Sentinel-1 data during the recent period of &#160;unrest. Merapi (7&#176;32.5&#8217; S and 110&#176;26.5&#8217; E) located in the densely populated Province of Yogyakarta in Central Java is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. The eruptive history of Merapi is characterized by two eruptive styles: 1) recurrent effusive growth of viscous lava domes, with gravitational collapses producing pyroclastic flows known as &#171; Merapi-type nu&#233;es ardentes &#187; (VEI 2); 2) more exceptional explosive eruptions of relatively large size (VEI 3-4), associated with column collapse pyroclastic flows reaching distances larger than 15 km from the summit. The eruptive periodicity is 4 to 5 years for the effusive events and 50 to 100 years for the explosive ones. The last explosive events (VEI 3-4) occurred in November 2010 and was followed by a period of limited activity. In August 2018, a new dome was observed inside the summit crater, thus marking the start of a new phase of effusive activity. A new period of unrest then started in mid-October 2020, characterized by an increase in seismic activity as well as large and localized displacements in the summit area. Magma finally reached the surface on 4 &#160;January 2021. Deformation is currently recorded by EDM and tiltmeters together with a network of 10 permanent GNSS stations. GNSS data are automatically processed and inverted for a pressure source at depth. Both displacement time series as well as spatial probability distribution are directly available through WebObs (Beauducel et al., Frontiers, 2020), an integrated web-based system for monitoring. Sentinel-1 data are acquired over the volcano every 12 days on descending track 76 and every 6 days on ascending track 127. Since mid 2017, Sentinel-1 data are automatically downloaded on a local server at BPPTKG. Interferograms and coherence images are then produced using the NSBAS processing chain (Doin et al, 2012) and automatically integrated to WebObs to enable detection of potential rapid and significant changes in signal. Mean velocity maps are also produced as well as time series of surface displacement at given location enabling direct comparison with GNSS measurements. The descending InSAR time series shows a strong displacement away from the satellite in a 1.5 km wide area located on the north-eastern part &#160;of the crater. This signal became significant in September 2020. It is consistent with field measurements recorded and allows to map the affected area. In mid-November 2020, Sentinel-1 data thus provided the first information on the spatial extent of the ongoing surface displacements, which was useful for crisis management.

Strombolian eruption

Lava dome

Unrest

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10392

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Citations (1)

PEMETAAN SITUASI PUNCAK G. ROKATENDA , NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR, 2019, DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DRONE

Imam Santosa Supriyati D. Andreastuti Raditya Putra Roni Taufiqurrohman

Gunung Rokatenda dengan ketinggian 875 m di atas permukaan laut merupakan pulau gunungapi, berbentuk strato dengan komposisi batuan andesitik. Gunung ini terletak di Pulau Palue, Kabupaten Sikka, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Erupsi Gunung Rokatenda menurut catatan terjadi pada tahun 1928, 1972, 1973, 1985, 2012-2013. Erupsi tahun 2012-2013 dijadikan acuan dalam menyiapkan strategi saat terjadi bencana. Hasil studi sebelumnya memperlihatkan bahwa stratigrafi gunung ini terdiri dari 4 periode, yaitu periode erupsi efusif yang menghasilkan aliran lava, periode campuran erupsi efusif dan eksplosif yang menghasilkan aliran lava dan aliran piroklastik, periode erupsi efusif dari erupsi samping dan periode erupsi efusif yang menghasilkan aliran lava, dan pembentukan kubah lava di sekitar tubuh Gunung Rokatenda, serta pembentukan lahar dan alluvial. Salah satu komponen yang dibutuhkan dalam penyiapan strategi tersebut adalah informasi tentang situasi kawah yang dapat diperoleh melalui pemetaan situasi menggunakan wahana drone yang dilakukan pada tahun 2019.Hasil pemetaan menggunakan drone memperlihatkan Gunung Rokatenda mempunyai 4 kawah, yaitu kawah pertama pada bagian tenggara merupakan kawah terbesar, kawah kedua terletak pada bagian barat laut-utara, kawah ketiga pada bagian barat dan kawah keempat yang diperkirakan terletak pada bagian barat-barat laut puncak Gunung Rokatenda. Kegiatan ini berguna untuk memahami situasi puncak, perkembangannya dibanding dengan sebelumnya, potensi dampak dan wilayah terancam yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alat/bahan dalam pelaksanaan penanggulangan bencana Gunung Rokatenda.

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Morphology and Instability of the Merapi Lava Dome Monitored by Unoccupied Aircraft Systems

Active volcanoes of the world (2023)

Herlan Darmawan Raditya Putra Agus Budi-Santoso Hanik Humaida Thomas R. Walter

Lava dome

Dome (geology)

10.1007/978-3-031-15040-1_15

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Citations (5)

Monitoring lava dome extrusion of Merapi Volcano during 2018-2019, using low-cost UAV application

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science (2022)

Raditya Putra Agung Harijoko Agus Santoso

Abstract Merapi volcano has a well-known eruption type, namely Merapi type, in which an extruded lava dome collapses and is accompanied by pyroclastic density current (PDC). This type of eruption makes morphological monitoring of the lava dome crucial in the hazard mitigation process. After the VEI 4 eruption in 2010, a new lava dome of Merapi appeared on top of the 2010 lava dome in August 2018 and continuously grew. In November 2019, the lava dome started to collapse outward the crater area. We reported the lava dome morphological monitoring using a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry conducted from August 2018 to February 2019. This UAV monitoring provides processed aerial photo data in Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and orthophoto with low operating costs and short data acquisition time. The lava domes erupted from the same eruptive canter within this period and grew evenly in all directions. The 2018-2019 Merapi lava dome has basal ratio of 0.183 to 0.290 with height of 11 to 41 m, respectively. Volume changed from 33,623 m 3 in August 2018 to 658,075 m 3 in February 2019, suggesting growth rate at ~3,500 m 3 /day. The lava base filled the crater base area (0.21 km 2 ) and started to collapse outward in November 2019.

Lava dome

Dome (geology)

Lava field

Orthophoto

10.1088/1755-1315/1071/1/012001

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Citations (0)

KARAKTER ERUPSI GUNUNG MERAPI DAN GUNUNG KELUD BERDASAR SIFAT FISIKA MAGMA: VISKOSITAS DAN DENSITAS

Hanik Humaida Andika Bayu Aji Sri Sumarti Dewi Sri Sayudi Raditya Putra

Hasil kajian sifat fisika magma yaitu viskositas dan densitas magma berdasarkan data komposisi kimia Gunung Merapi dan Gunung Kelud memperlihatkan perbedaan antara erupsi eksplosif dan efusif. Sifat fisika magma ini dapat digunakan untuk memahami proses aktivitas gunungapi dimana viskositas mengontrol mobilitas magma, sedangkan densitas mengontrol arah gerakan relatif antara magma dan material padat (batuan fragmental dan kristal). Proses fraksinasi dan kristalisasi magma terjadi pada erupsi yang bersifat eksplosif maupun efusif, namun demikian kecepatan proses fraksinasi kristal tersebut berbeda yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai absolut gradien perubahan densitas magma. Erupsi eksplosif terjadi proses fraksinasi dan kristalisasi lebih cepat dibandingkan erupsi efusif. Hal ini juga ditunjukkan oleh nilai viskositas magma.

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Construction of probabilistic event trees for eruption forecasting at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia 2013–14

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2018)

Heather Wright John S. Pallister Wendy McCausland Julia P. Griswold Supriyati Andreastuti

Eruptions of Sinabung volcano, Indonesia have been ongoing since 2013. Since that time, the character of eruptions has changed, from phreatic to phreatomagmatic to magmatic explosive eruptions, and from production of a lava dome that collapsed to a subsequent thick lava flow that slowly ceased to be active, and later, to a new lava dome. As the eruption progressed, event trees were constructed to forecast eruptive behavior six times, with forecast windows that ranged from 2 weeks to 1 year: November 7–10, December 12–14, and December 27, 2013; and January 9–10, May 13, and October 7, 2014. These event trees were successful in helping to frame the forecast scenarios, to collate current monitoring information, and to document outstanding questions and unknowns. The highest probability forecasts closely matched outcomes of eruption size (including extrusion of the first dome), production of pyroclastic density currents, and pyroclastic density current runout distances. Events assigned low probabilities also occurred, including total collapse of the lava dome in January 2014 and production of a small blast pyroclastic density current in February 2014.

Lava dome

Phreatic

Phreatomagmatic eruption

Dome (geology)

Pyroclastic fall

Phreatic eruption

Lateral eruption

Peléan eruption

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.003

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Citations (42)