David W. Stuart

Florida State University

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K. H. Brink

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

John C. Van Leer

University of Miami

Burton H. Jones

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

Richard C. Dugdale

San Francisco State University

Dolors Blasco

Institut Català de Ciències del Clima

Theresa Paluszkiewicz

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Robert J. Goodwin

National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery

Merritt R. Stevenson

National Institute for Space Research

William P. Duval

Florida State University

M. M. Nanney

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Cooperative Institutions

Florida State University

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Oregon State University

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

University of Southern California

Office of Naval Research

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

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Sea-surface temperatures and winds during JOINT II: Part I. Mean conditions

Coastal and estuarine sciences (1981)

G. L. Moody David W. Stuart Andrew I. Watson M. M. Nanney

10.1029/co001p0021

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Citations (10)

THE OVER-RELAXATION FACTOR IN THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE OMEGA EQUATION¹

Monthly Weather Review (1967)

David W. Stuart Thomas H. R. O'Neill

Results of tests for the optimum over-relaxation coefficients in the numerical relaxation of the omega equation are presented. One case considers a strong upper-level development for tests on a fixed grid using one-, two-, and three-dimensional forms of the omega equation. In the other case of a “classical storm” the omega equation is relaxed in its three-dimensional form using several different horizontal grids. For the one- and two-dimensional tests, the relaxation scheme agreesv ery well with theory. In the three-dimensional tests, the observed over-relaxation coefficients are found to be less than the values given by the theory for all grid sizes considered. A sharp cut-off is found to occur shortly after the optimum over-relaxation value is reached regardless of the number of dimensions of the equation or the size of the grid.

10.1175/1520-0493(1967)095<0303:torfit>2.3.co;2

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Citations (4)

Sea-surface temperatures and winds during JOINT II: PART II. Temporal fluctuations

Coastal and estuarine sciences (1981)

David W. Stuart

10.1029/co001p0032

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Citations (11)

Physical and biological structure and variability in an upwelling center off Peru near 15°C during March, 1977

Coastal and estuarine sciences (1981)

K. H. Brink Burton H. Jones John C. Van Leer Christopher N. K. Mooers David W. Stuart

Center (category theory)

10.1029/co001p0473

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Citations (64)

Numerical Simulation of Topographically Forced Mesoscale Variability in a Well-Mixed Marine Layer

Monthly Weather Review (1992)

Lee Eddington James J. O’Brien David W. Stuart

A simple nonlinear numerical model of a well-mixed marine layer is used to study topographically forced mesoscale variability off coastal California. The model is used to simulate a persistent wind maximum observed near Point Conception during northwesterly winds. The model also demonstrates the development of a coastally trapped Kelvin wave and a marine-layer eddy when the large-scale forcing is suddenly reduced. The model is a one-layer, two-dimensional, gridpoint model with idealized coastal topography. The model assumes that potential temperature and wind are constant with height in the layer and that the layer is capped by an inversion. Effects of diabatic heating, water vapor, entrainment, and spatial variations of potential temperature are neglected in order to focus on topographic effects. The model solves for the two horizontal components of the marine-layer wind and the marine-layer height. A comparison of the model results with observations taken near Point Conception during the 1983 OPUS (Organization of Persistent Upwelling Structures) project shows that the model simulates the general features of the observed mesoscale wind maximum. The success is due to the very fine grid size of 3.5 km. The model wind perturbation and along-trajectory acceleration show the effect of the prominent Arguello headland on the marine-layer wind. The northwesterly flow is blocked by the headland on the upwind side, and this causes the marine-layer height to rise there. On the downwind side the northwesterly flow removes mass from the region, and the marine-layer height decreases. This perturbation in the marine-layer height creates a local pressure-gradient force that is responsible for the existence of the wind maximum. The model simulation of the marine-layer height is found to be in agreement with observations in the region. The model also simulates a solitary atmospheric Kelvin wave crest in the marine layer north of the Arguello headland and a marine layer eddy to the south of the headland when the large-scale forcing is sharply reduced. Model simulation of these phenomena supports the hypothesis that they are coastally trapped marine-layer responses to changes in synoptic-scale forcing.

Mixed layer

Stratification (seeds)

Potential temperature

10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<2881:nsotfm>2.0.co;2

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Citations (12)

Observations of the Coastal Upwelling Region near 34°30′N of California: Spring 1981

Journal of Physical Oceanography (1984)

K. H. Brink David W. Stuart John C. Van Leer

Coordinated meteorological and oceanographic (CTD) measurements were made near Point Conception, California, during March–April 1981. The goal of the observations was to study coastal upwelling and the local characteristics of the assumed wind driving. Results showed substantial topographically-induced spatial structure in the near-surface winds, with weaker winds generally occurring within the Santa Barbara Channel. The 1981 “spring transition” event was monitored by mews of hydrographic and sea level measurements. The details of the event suggest that it was not entirely driven by lead wind stress. The mean sea surface temperature pattern suggests the existence of an upwelling center between Points Arguello and Conception. The individual sea surface temperature charts are all dominated by patchiness on a scale of 5–15 km. The nature of these structures is not well understood, but on the one occasion when a patch was isolated by a CTD survey, its structure penetrated to at 1east 50 db.

Wind Stress

10.1175/1520-0485(1984)014<0378:ootcur>2.0.co;2

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Citations (44)

The Structure of the Marine Inversion in Northwest Oregon during 26–30 August 1973

Monthly Weather Review (1977)

Rebecca J. Meitín David W. Stuart

As a part of the Second Coastal Upwelling Experiment along the Oregon Coast in summer 1973, extensive thermodynamic data were gathered in a mesoscale area. These data were examined in relation to the marine inversion at seven stations along a line from Salem, Ore., to a point 22 n mi off the coast, or a distance of approximately 65 n mi. The structure of the inversion was examined via time sections of temperature and potential temperature at each station, and cross sections along the line for selected times during the intensive period. Limited time and cross sections of relative humidity were also examined. The inversion seemed to respond to even weak synoptic-scale changes, rising with low-level convergence and lowering with subsidence in high-pressure regions. It was also found that the marine inversion had a more complex structure than a single stable layer.

Synoptic scale meteorology

Potential temperature

Inversion temperature

10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0748:tsotmi>2.0.co;2

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Citations (4)

Mesoscale Wind Variability near Point Conception, California during Spring 1983

Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (1986)

Patrick C. Caldwell David W. Stuart K. H. Brink

Wind variability in a mesoscale region near Point Conception, California is studied. The data base is derived from an array of near-surface meteorological recording stations yielding hourly winds during 51 days from 11 April to 31 May 1983, a transitionary period between seasons. Temporal variability of each record is examined using variance ellipses, rotary spectra, and complex demodulation. The results reveal large differences between the stations in the offshore or exposed areas compared to the sheltered or coastal areas within the Santa Barbara Channel. Considerable variability with 2–5-day periods occurred in the former region, while diurnal variability dominated the latter area. Also, diurnal fluctuations (sea breezes) were highly dependent upon the synoptic scale state. Spatial and temporal variability of all records were examined simultaneously by use of complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis. Almost 85% of the total variance can be explained by the primary CEOF and this characteristic pattern may be identified with synoptic-scale forcing.

Empirical orthogonal functions

Sea breeze

Synoptic scale meteorology

Forcing (mathematics)

Global wind patterns

Diurnal cycle

10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1241:mwvnpc>2.0.co;2

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Citations (33)

A Comparison of Quasi-Geostrophic Vertical Motion Using Various Analyses

Monthly Weather Review (1974)

David W. Stuart

Three subjective and two objective analysis techniques were employed to prepare height data for a synoptic case over North America. These heights were used as input to a ten-level quasi-geostrophic model for computation of omegas (vertical velocities in pressure coordinate system) over a grid 2° latitude square. Using a subjective analysis prepared by F. Sanders as a standard, all the techniques gave synoptically acceptable patterns locating the 500-mb low center within one grid square with the intensity within ±20 m. The average height differences at each level for each technique never exceeded 11 m. One subjective and one objective technique did slightly better than the others for the height field. Comparison of the quasi-geostrophic omegas with the Sanders' values shows good agreement for all analysis techniques for the broad scale rising and sinking centers and zero lines. The 500-mb centers are located within one grid interval with the main central values generally within 10–20% of the Sanders' value. Areas enclosed by a given omega isopleth show even better agreement. Overall the subjective analysis prepared by the team of Johnson, Golden, Hudson and Cotter (JGHC) agrees best with the Sanders' results, but the results via Inman's Objective Height Analysis (HOBAN) were quite close.

Dynamic height

Synoptic scale meteorology

10.1175/1520-0493(1974)102<0363:acoqgv>2.0.co;2

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Citations (1)

Mesoscale hydrographic variability in the vicinity of Points Conception and Arguello during April–May 1983: The OPUS 1983 experiment

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (1986)

Larry P. Atkinson K. H. Brink Russ E. Davis Burton H. Jones Theresa Paluszkiewicz

In April and May 1983, interdisciplinary oceanographic observations were made of upwelling events in the Point Conception area off southern California. The principal objective was to observe the structure and time dependence of the upwelling system. To accomplish this, two ships, two aircraft, moorings, drogues, and satellite imagery were all included in the observational effort. During the intensive measurement period three main upwelling events and two intervening relaxation or downwelling intervals were sampled during what was a period of overall longer‐term sea surface warming. Surface temperatures during upwelling were as low as 10.5°C in the upwelling center between Point Arguello and Point Conception, while during periods of nonupwelling winds, temperatures reached 14°–15°C in the same area. The upwelling center was also a source of higher‐salinity water (33.7‰) relative to the offshore waters that were anomalously fresh (33.3‰). Upwelling was observed off Point Arguello, Point Conception, and the area between with a possible lag of up to a day at Point Conception relative to the other areas. The upwelling plume as observed by surface mapping and remote sensing tended to move in a variety of directions from SE to SW. Part of the movement was usually into the Santa Barbara Channel, but other parts of the plume occasionally moved southwestward. There was no obvious correlation of plume direction with the wind. During relaxation events the entire region was covered by a 10‐ to 20‐m‐thick warm (14°–16°C), fresh (<33.5‰) buoyant layer. Spatial correlations of water temperature with 24‐hour lagged winds showed logical patterns, but the distributions were not as seen in other California studies.

Downwelling

Outflow

10.1029/jc091ic11p12899

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Citations (53)