Abstract When plotted on a δD-δ 18 O diagram, the isotope values of basal ice formed by refreezing of melt water beneath the cold-based margin of a corrie glacier lie on a straight line with a slope of 5.5. This freezing slope differs from a slope of 7.2 for the basal ice layer of the cold-based ice cap, Balgesvarri, which has not undergone refreezing. The latter slope is similar to that of 7.7 for the local precipitation. Co-isotope measurements from the two glaciers support the association of subglacial debris entrainment with refreezing processes.
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: Geological historylandscape evolutionScotland Acknowledgements I am grateful to Nigel Trewin and Jim Hansom for constructive comments on a draft of the manuscript, to John Mendum for a very thorough and helpful review that clarified many details, and to Mike Shand for producing the diagrams.
Abstract When plotted on a δD-δ 18 O diagram, the isotope values of basal ice formed by refreezing of melt water beneath the cold-based margin of a corrie glacier lie on a straight line with a slope of 5.5. This freezing slope differs from a slope of 7.2 for the basal ice layer of the cold-based ice cap, Balgesvarri, which has not undergone refreezing. The latter slope is similar to that of 7.7 for the local precipitation. Co-isotope measurements from the two glaciers support the association of subglacial debris entrainment with refreezing processes.
Abstract This paper examines the nature, extent and severity of soil erosion in upland Scotland, an area subject to land management pressures typical of temperate maritime uplands. Erosion features were classified and their area measured from aerial photographs. Some 12 per cent of the upland area sampled was subject to some form of erosion, which is very similar to the percentage for Europe as a whole. The most significant erosion category was peat erosion, with 6 per cent of the area being affected; a figure which increased to 20 per cent in one sub‐region. Peat erosion varied in severity, with the most severe erosion being in areas of eastern Scotland with the greatest land management pressures. Gully erosion of slopes on mineral soils was found in almost 5 per cent of the area sampled, particularly in sub‐regions with large amplitude of relief. Debris flow/cone features and screes were less extensive and largely found at higher altitudes. Footpath erosion was mapped in popular mountain areas, but overall the mean length of eroded footpaths was less than that of large gullies. There was little evidence of spatial linkages between erosion of mineral soils and land management at the scale of the survey. Separating the roles of upland management and extreme rainfall events in the inception of erosion remains a key issue in the study of accelerated erosion in temperate maritime upland areas. Some guidance for management is presented.
Abstract Some features around the perimeter of the Balgesvarri plateau ice cap are described. Sorted stone circles were found beneath a slowly retreating ice margin, the basal ice in this area appears to be below the pressure-melting point. No absolute dating of features was possible but a relative chronology is suggested.
Beach forms associated with the retreat of Cook Glacier, between 1975 and 1982 are compared with those found on polar beaches. The presence of certain characteristics but the absence of man...
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