Zhenhua Huang

Earth Observatory of Singapore

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Linlin Li

Sun Yat-sen University

D. H. Natawidjaja

National Research and Innovation Agency

Soon Keat Tan

Nanyang Technological University

Chiang C. Mei

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Qiang Qiu

South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology

Emma M. Hill

University of British Columbia

P. Elósegui

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

K. Sieh

Nanyang Technological University

J. C. Borrero

eCoast (New Zealand)

Hermann M. Fritz

Georgia Institute of Technology

Cooperative Institutions

Nanyang Technological University

Earth Observatory of Singapore

National Taiwan University

California Institute of Technology

Indonesian Institute of Sciences

University of Minnesota

University of California, San Diego

University of Southern California

Technical University of Crete

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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The 2010 M_w 7.8 Mentawai earthquake: Very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near‐field GPS data

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2012)

Emma M. Hill J. C. Borrero Zhenhua Huang Qiang Qiu Paramesh Banerjee

The M w 7.8 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia, earthquake was a “tsunami earthquake,” a rare type of earthquake that generates a tsunami much larger than expected based on the seismic magnitude. It produced a locally devastating tsunami, with runup commonly in excess of 6 m. We examine this event using a combination of high‐rate GPS data, from instruments located on the nearby islands, and a tsunami field survey. The GPS displacement time series are deficient in high‐frequency energy, and show small coseismic displacements (<22 cm horizontal and <4 cm subsidence). The field survey shows that maximum tsunami runup was >16 m. Our modeling results show that the combination of the small GPS displacements and large tsunami can only be explained by high fault slip at very shallow depths, far from the islands and close to the oceanic trench. Inelastic uplift of trench sediments likely contributed to the size of the tsunami. Recent results for the 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoko‐Oki earthquake have also shown shallow fault slip, but the results from our study, which involves a smaller earthquake, provide much stronger constraints on how shallow the rupture can be, with the majority of slip for the Mentawai earthquake occurring at depths of <6 km. This result challenges the conventional wisdom that the shallow tips of subduction megathrusts are aseismic, and therefore raises important questions both about the mechanical properties of the shallow fault zone and the potential seismic and tsunami hazard of this shallow region.

Tsunami earthquake

Earthquake rupture

Slow earthquake

10.1029/2012jb009159

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Citations (178)

Tsunami hazard from the subduction Megathrust of the South China Sea: Part II. Hydrodynamic modeling and possible impact on Singapore

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (2008)

Zhenhua Huang Tso‐Ren Wu Soon Keat Tan Kusnowidjaja Megawati F. Shaw

Tsunami earthquake

Volcanic arc

10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.08.007

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Citations (31)

Extreme Air-Gap Response below Deck of Floating Structures

The International Journal of Ocean and Climate Systems (2010)

Jing Li Zhenhua Huang Soon Keat Tan

This paper presents the findings of a study on the air gap below deck of a typical six-column, double-pontoon semi-submersible in deep water. The writers present a method to predict the extreme air-gap by establishing the distribution of extreme air-gap response. In the case of linear incident wave, the proposed air-gap distribution suggested a better fits compared with that given by Rayleigh distribution. Moreover, the proposed approach is found to be an effective way to predict air-gap extremes within a specified duration. As a comparison, the fractile-based method cum Gumbel distribution is also applied to the same floating structure. Comparisons of the numerical results from these 2 different approaches show strong agreement in extreme air-gap response below deck.

Gumbel distribution

Air gap (plumbing)

10.1260/1759-3131.1.1.15

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Longitudinal vortices in a water of finite depth in the absence of wind

Zhenhua Huang Chiang C. Mei

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Tsunami-induced coastal changes: a scenario-based study for Painan, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Earth Planets and Space (2011)

Linlin Li Zhenhua Huang Qiang Qiu D. H. Natawidjaja K. Sieh

West coast

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Wave interaction with one or two rows of closely spaced rectangular cylinders

Ocean Engineering (2007)

Zhenhua Huang

Breakwater

Reflection

10.1016/j.oceaneng.2006.11.002

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Citations (68)

Wave-induced longitudinal vortices in a shallow current

Journal of Fluid Mechanics (2006)

Zhenhua Huang Chiang C. Mei

An instability theory is presented for the initiation of longitudinal vortices due to waves interacting with a turbulent current in an open channel of finite depth. With a simple model of eddy viscosity the dimensionless shearing rate of the basic current is much weaker than the dimensionless velocity almost everywhere except near the bed. We shall show that in addition to the internal vortex force, a mean shear stress exists on the mean sea level, owing to nonlinear wave–current interactions, despite the absence of wind. This stress adds vertical vorticity to the interior and augments the vortex force mechanism of instability significantly. Effects of current strength and wave conditions on the unstable growth are studied by numerical examples.

Dimensionless quantity

Richtmyer–Meshkov instability

10.1017/s0022112005008360

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Numerical simulations of tsunami inundation for the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia - a scenario study using high resolution topographic data

Yu Yao Zhenhua Huang Ashar Mele Lubis Emma M. Hill Jamie W. McCaughey

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