East Junggar is an important part of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt and has developed a multi‐epoch and multi‐type metallogenic system. Yundukala is a recently discovered large intrusion‐related Au–Cu–Co deposit. The No. 1 main mineralization zone mainly occurs in the contact area between fine‐grained diorite and basalt. Massive and vein mineralization have developed there, but the ore‐bearing stratum, ore‐bearing intrusive rocks, and metallogenic ages are not clear. Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating of the porphyritic diorite and fine‐grained diorite yields ages of 416.1 ± 3.9 Ma and 411.1 ± 7.5 Ma, respectively. The dioritoid intruded into the ore‐bearing stratum, indicating that this formation is part of the Early Palaeozoic strata rather than the Middle Devonian Beishan Formation. The Re–Os isochron age of the chalcopyrite in the massive mineralization is 402.6 ± 5.2 Ma; thus, the massive mineralization is related to fine‐grained diorite and formed in the Early Devonian. Six sulphides and four sulphides from the vein mineralization yield Re–Os isochron ages of 352.8 ± 1.8 Ma and 354 ± 23 Ma, respectively, and the limited vein mineralization was formed during 353–354 Ma. The massive and vein mineralizations in the Yundukala deposit were formed in the Early Devonian and Early Carboniferous.
The Kalatag area contains many intrusive rocks of Late Ordovician to Permian age and hosts polymetallic deposits that are associated with magmatism. It is a key area for revealing the nature and genesis of the Palaeozoic rocks in East Tianshan. The intrusive rocks of different periods preserve useful information regarding the tectonomagmatic history of the Kalatag area. Zircon U–Pb geochronological, Hf isotopic, Sr–Nd isotopic, and whole‐rock geochemical analyses are reported for the intrusions from the Meiling ore district, Yudai ore district, and Kalatag pluton to reveal their petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. The LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb analyses suggest that the quartz diorite from the Kalatag pluton formed at 420–432 Ma, and the quartz diorite porphyry from the Yudai ore district formed at 436–439 Ma. The zircons from the quartz diorite and quartz diorite porphyry mainly yield high ε Hf (t) values (12.2–16.2) and very young Hf model ages (T DM = 0.41–0.56 Ga; T DM C = 0.49–0.56 Ga), which are consistent with a depleted mantle origin. The geochemical characteristics of the granites and quartz diorites from the Kalatag pluton and diorite porphyry from the Meiling ore district exhibit typical subduction‐related features such as enrichment in LILEs and LREEs and depletion in HFSEs. These diorites have moderate Mg # (30–47), positive ε Nd (t) values (4.2–5.6), and young Nd model ages (0.62–0.83 Ga), which are consistent with a depleted mantle origin that is accompanied by limited crustal assimilation. Based on the regional geology and geochemical evidence and previous studies, the Ordovician–Carboniferous rocks from the Kalatag area are considered to have formed in an island‐arc setting and were probably formed by a subduction event.
In this work, we construct a double inorganic hole extraction layer (HEL) of Cs:NiOx/CuInS2 by inserting a thin film of Cs:NiOx between the perovskite (FAPbI3)1-x (MAPbBr3)x and CuInS2 layers and fabricate n-i-p type perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using Cs:NiOx/CuInS2 as HEL. The efficiency of the PSCs with Cs:NiOx/CuInS2 reaches 18.04% from 16.13% for the devices with single HEL of CuInS2, which is close to the highest efficiency (19.24%) of the devices with double inorganic HEL reported. In addition, the operational stability of the devices with Cs:NiOx/CuInS2 is enhanced. The solar cells based on double HEL of Cs:NiOx/CuInS2 maintains 95% of the original PCE after keeping 32 days in ambient air, while the devices based on single HEL of CuInS2 keeps only 84% of the original PCE. In addition, the thermal stability of the PSCs with Cs:NiOx/CuInS2 is also enhanced compared with the devices based on CuInS2. The results demonstrate that the application of double HEL of Cs:NiOx/CuInS2 can enhance the performance and stability of PSCs simultaneously.
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