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Ángel Rodés

Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

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Raimón Pallàs

Universitat de Barcelona

Andrew S. Hein

University of Edinburgh

Derek Fabel

Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

Régis Braucher

Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Géosciences de l’Environnement

Didier Bourlès

Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Géosciences de l’Environnement

Sheng Xu

Tianjin University

Finlay M. Stuart

Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

Delia M. Gheorghiu

Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

E. Masana

Universitat de Barcelona

Monika Mendelová

University of Cambridge

Cooperative Institutions

University of Edinburgh

Durham University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Aberystwyth University

Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

University of Glasgow

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Scottish Enterprise

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

University of Manchester

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Enhanced rock‐slope failure following ice‐sheet deglaciation: timing and causes

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (2013)

Colin K. Ballantyne Peter Wilson Delia M. Gheorghiu Ángel Rodés

ABSTRACT The temporal pattern of rock‐slope failures (RSFs) following Late Pleistocene deglaciation on tectonically stable terrains is controversial: previous studies variously suggest (1) a rapid response due to removal of supporting ice (‘debuttressing’), (2) a progressive decline in RSF frequency, and (3) a millennial‐scale delay before peak RSF activity. We test these competing models through beryllium‐10 ( 10 Be) exposure dating of five closely‐spaced quartzite RSFs on the Isle of Jura, Scotland, to establish the relationship between timing of failure and those of deglaciation, episodes of rapid warming and periods of rapid glacio‐isostatic uplift. All five dated RSFs occurred at least 720–2240 years after deglaciation, with the probability of failure peaking ~2 ka after deglaciation, consistent with millennial‐scale delay model (3). This excludes debuttressing as an immediate cause of failure, though it is likely that time‐dependent stress release due to deglacial unloading resulted in progressive development of failure planes within the rock. Thaw of permafrost ice in joints is unlikely to have been a prime trigger of failure as some RSFs occurred several centuries after the onset of interstadial warming. Conversely, the timespan of the RSFs coincides with the period of maximum glacio‐isostatic crustal uplift, suggesting that failure was triggered by uplift‐driven seismic events acting on fractured rock masses. Implications of this and related research are: (1) that retreat of the last Pleistocene ice sheets across tectonically‐stable mountainous terrains was succeeded by a period of enhanced rock‐slope failure due to deglacial unloading and probably uplift‐driven seismicity; (2) that the great majority of RSFs in the British Isles outside the limits of Loch Lomond Stadial (= Younger Dryas) glaciation are of Lateglacial (pre‐Holocene) age; and (3) numerous RSFs must also have occurred inside Loch Lomond Stadial (LLS) glacial limits, but that runout debris was removed by LLS glaciers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Deglaciation

Stadial

10.1002/esp.3495

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Citations (95)

A multi-glacial cycle cosmogenic nuclide chronology of Patagonian Ice-Sheet expansions in Northeastern Patagonia (43°S)

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2021)

Tancrède Leger Andrew S. Hein Ángel Rodés Robert G. Bingham Irene Schimmelpfennig

Chronology

Cosmogenic nuclide

Surface exposure dating

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Understanding complex exposure history of Mount Hampton, West Antarctica using cosmogenic 3He, 21Ne and 10Be in olivine

EGUGA (2016)

Ana Carracedo Ángel Rodés Finlay M. Stuart John L. Smellie

Combining stable and radioactive cosmogenic nuclides is an established tool for revealing the complexities of long-term landscape development. To date most studies have concentrated on 21Ne and 10Be in quartz. We have combined different chemical protocols for extraction of cosmogenic 10Be from olivine, and measured concentrations in olivine from lherzolite xenoliths from the peak of Mount Hampton (~3,200 m), an 11 Ma shield volcano on the West Antarctic rift flank. We combine this data with cosmogenic 3He (and 21Ne) in the olivines in order to unravel the long-term environmental history of the region. The mean 3He/21Ne ratio (1.98 ± 0.22) is consistent with the theoretical value and previous determinations. 10Be/3He ratios (0.012 to 0.018) are significantly lower than the instantaneous production ratio (~0.045). The data are consistent with 1-3 Ma of burial. The altitude of the volcano rules out over-topping of the peak by the West Antarctic Ice Sheet only possible burial could be generated by the growth of an ice cap although this contradicts the absence of evidence for ice cover. The 3He-10Be data can also be generated during episodic erosion of the volcanic ash over the last few million years. The data requires a minimum depth of 1 to 2.5 m for the samples during a minimum age of 5 Ma and maximum long-term erosion rate of ~0.5 m/Ma with at least one erosive episode reflecting short-term erosion rate of ~7 m/Ma that would have brought the samples into the surface during the last ~350 ka. Erosion in this type of landscape could be related to interglacial periods where cryostatic erosion can occur generating an increase in the erosion rate. This study shows that episodic erosion can produce stable-radioactive cosmogenic isotope systematics that are similar to those generated by exposure-burial cycles.

Cosmogenic nuclide

Antarctic ice sheet

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New chronological constraints on the Plio-Pleistocene uplift of the Guizhou Plateau, SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Quaternary Geochronology (2021)

Yu Liu Shijie Wang Sheng Xu Derek Fabel Finlay M. Stuart

Plio-Pleistocene

Bedrock

Tectonic uplift

Chronology

10.1016/j.quageo.2021.101237

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Citations (3)

Climate during the last glacial cycle in the Pyrenees inferred from Be-10 dating and paleoglacier modeling

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2008)

Ángel Rodés Mitchell A. Plummer Raimón Pallàs Régis Braucher Didier Bourlès

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Persistence of topography in ancient mountain belts: geomorphology's 'elephant in the room'?

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2018)

Daniel Peifer Bezerra Cristina Persano Martin D. Hurst Paul Bishop Ángel Rodés

Persistence (discontinuity)

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Cosmogenic soil production rate calculator

MethodsX (2019)

Ángel Rodés Daniel Evans

To understand the rates at which soils form from bedrock, it is important to know the rates at which the bedrock surface lowers (the apparent erosion rate, which is assumed to be constant). Previous models that calculate apparent erosion rates using measured concentrations of cosmogenic radionuclides rely on the assumption that the bulk density of the soil which forms as a product of bedrock erosion either equals that of the bedrock itself or is constant with depth down the soil profile. This assumption fails to recognise that soils have significantly lower densities that might not be constant with depth. The model presented here allows for the calculation of isotopically-derived soil production rates, considering the bulk density profile of the soil overlying the bedrock surface. This calculator, which can be run both in MATLAB® and GNU Octave©, represents a novel and significant contribution to the derivation of soil production rates.

Bedrock

Soil production function

10.1016/j.mex.2019.11.026

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Citations (6)

New insights into West Greenland ice sheet/stream dynamics during the last glacial cycle.

EGUGA (2015)

David H. Roberts Timothy Lane Brice R. Rea Colm Ó Cofaigh Stewart S. R. Jamieson

Greenland ice sheet

Ice-sheet model

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How the composition of sandstone matrices affects rates of soil formation

Geoderma (2021)

Daniel Evans John Quinton A.M. Tye Ángel Rodés Jeremy Rushton

Soils deliver multiple ecosystem services and their long-term sustainability is fundamentally controlled by the rates at which they form and erode. Our knowledge and understanding of soil formation is not commensurate with that of soil erosion, in part due to the difficulty of measuring the former. However, developments in cosmogenic radionuclide accumulation models have enabled soil scientists to more accurately constrain the rates at which soils form from bedrock. To date, all three major rock types – igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic lithologies – have been examined in such work. Soil formation rates have been measured and compared between these rock types, but the impact of rock characteristics on soil formation rates, such as rock matrices and mineralogy, have seldom been explored. In this UK-based study, we used cosmogenic radionuclide analysis to investigate whether the lithological variability of sandstone governs pedogenesis. Soil formation rates were measured on two arable hillslopes at Woburn and Hilton, which are underlain by different types of arenite sandstone. Rates were faster at Woburn, and we suggest that this is due to the fact that the Woburn sandstone formation is less cemented that that at Hilton. Similarly, rates at Woburn and Hilton were found to be faster than those measured at two other sandstone-based sites in the UK, and faster than those compiled in a global inventory of cosmogenic studies on sandstone-based soils. We suggest that the cementing agents present in matrix-abundant wackes studied previously may afford these sandstones greater structural integrity and resistance to weathering. This work points to the importance of factoring bedrock matrices into our understanding of soil formation rates, and the biogeochemical cycles these underpin.

Lithology

Bedrock

10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115337

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Citations (8)

Glacier expansion in central Patagonia during the Antarctic Cold Reversal followed by retreat and stabilisation during the Younger Dryas

Quaternary Science Reviews (2019)

Monika Mendelová Andrew S. Hein Ángel Rodés Rachel Smedley Sheng Xu

Meltwater

Deglaciation

10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106047

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Citations (28)