One-layer solar radiation(GWNU; Gangneung-Wonju National University) model is developed in order to resolve the lack of vertical observations and fast calculation with high resolution. GWNU model is based on IQBAL(Iqbal, 1983) and NREL(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) methods and corrected by precise multi-layer LBL(Line-by-line) model. Input data were used 42 atmospheric profiles from Garand et al.(2001) for calculation of global radiation by the Multi-layer and one-layer solar radiation models. GWNU model has error of about -0.10% compared with LBL model while IQBAL and NREL models have errors of about -3.92 and -2.57%, respectively. Global solar radiation was calculated by corrected GWNU solar model with satellites(MODIS, OMI and MTSAT-1R), RDPS model prediction data in Korea peninsula in 2009, and the results were compared to surface solar radiation observed by 22 KMA solar sites. All models have correlation() of 0.91 with the observed hourly solar radiation, and root mean square errors of IQBAL, NREL and GWNU models are 69.16, 69.74 and , respectively.
We herein present the spectral linear particle depolarization ratios (δp) from an Aerosol Robotics NETwork (AERONET) sun/sky radiometer with respect to the aerosol type. AERONET observation sites, which are representative of each aerosol type, were selected for our study. The observation data were filtered using the Ångström exponent (Å), fine-mode fraction (FMF) and single scattering albedo (ω) to ensure that the obtained values of δp were representative of each aerosol condition. We report the spectral δp values provided in the recently released AERONET version 3 inversion product for observation of the following aerosol types: dust, polluted dust, smoke, non-absorbing, moderately-absorbing and high-absorbing pollution. The AERONET-derived δp values were generally within the range of the δp values measured from lidar observations for each aerosol type. In addition, it was found that the spectral variation of δp differed according to the aerosol type. From the obtained results, we concluded that our findings provide potential insight into the identification and classification of aerosol types using remote sensing techniques.
The incident and emitted radiative energy data for the top of the atmosphere (TOA) are essential in climate research. Since East Asia (11–61°N, 80–175°E) is complexly composed of land and ocean, real-time satellite data are used importantly for analyzing the detailed energy budget or climate characteristics of this region. Therefore, in this study, the radiative energy budget for East Asia, during the year 2021, was analyzed using GEO-KOMPSAT-2A/Advanced Metrological Imager (GK-2A/AMI) and the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5) data. The results showed that the net fluxes for the TOA and surface were −4.09 W·m−2 and −8.24 W·m−2, respectively. Thus, the net flux difference of 4.15 W·m−2 between TOA and surface implied atmospheric warming. These results, produced by GK-2A/AMI, were well-matched with the ERA5 data. However, they varied with surface characteristics; the atmosphere over ocean areas warmed because of the large amounts of longwave radiation emitted from surfaces, while the atmosphere over the plain area was relatively balanced and the atmosphere over the mountain area was cooled because large amount of longwave radiation was emitted to space. Although the GK2A/AMI radiative products used for this study have not yet been sufficiently compared with surface observation data, and the period of data used was only one year, they were highly correlated with the CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System of USA), HIMAWARI/AHI (Geostationary Satellite of Japan), and ERA5 data. Therefore, if more GK-2A/AMI data are accumulated and analyzed, it could be used for the analysis of radiant energy budget and climate research for East Asia, and it will be an opportunity to greatly increase the utilization of total meteorological products of 52 types, including radiative products.
To address the need for the accurate parameterization of radiative absorption by gasses (for predicting atmospheric warming), Chou et al. developed a new k-distribution method. In this study, we compared the improved k-distribution method (hereinafter referred to as the NEW method) with the New Goddard radiation schemes (hereinafter referred to as the OLD method) for the WRF (the weather research and forecasting) model. The results of radiative flux calculations by the NEW and OLD methods of k-distribution using the New Goddard Radiation Scheme were compared with the results of the line-by-line (LBL) method, and the results showed that the radiative flux calculated by the NEW was accurate to within 1.00 Wm−2 with respect to the LBL, while the OLD showed large differences at altitudes above the upper troposphere and near the surface. Therefore, in this study, we selected clear-sky and cloudy-day conditions and compared the weather elements prediction results of WRF using the NEW and OLD methods. For the clear-sky days, the downward shortwave radiation at the surface and the temperature at 2 m above the surface (hereinafter referred to as T2) over land and ocean were reversed in sign due to the highly sensitive absorption coefficients of gasses. For cloudy days, the absorption effect by gasses harmonized with the scattering effect induced by cloud droplets; the differences in the shortwave and longwave radiations and radiative heating rate between the NEW and OLD methods were obvious. Thus, it was analyzed that the proposed NEW method could lead to significant improvements in forecasting weather elements.
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