Qi Su

Beijing Normal University

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Daoyang Yuan

Lanzhou University

Xie Hong

University of Veterinary Medicine

Xianyan Wang

Nanjing University

Huiping Zhang

Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration

Huayu Lu

Nanjing University

Pichawut Manopkawee

North Chiang Mai University

Xingwang Liu

China Earthquake Administration

Wenye Wang

Ministry of Natural Resources

Xueliang Zhang

Nanjing University

Peizhen Zhang

Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)

Cooperative Institutions

Nanjing University

China Earthquake Administration

Lanzhou University

Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application

Ministry of Natural Resources

Shandong University

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

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Secondary faulting plays a key role in regulating the Cenozoic crustal deformation in the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

Terra Nova (2022)

Qi Su Xianyan Wang Daoyang Yuan Huiping Zhang Huayu Lu

Abstract In this study, channel steepness and main divide migration analysis were conducted on the Qinghai Nanshan to confirm the activity and evolution of the range. The results showed that the broad and gently dipping northern limbs correspond to relatively low steepness values, while the narrow and steeply dipping southern limbs are characterized by higher steepness distribution. In addition, main divide of the range is currently stable, despite its tendency migrating northward. Based on previous numerical simulations and our geomorphological results, we suggested that the Qinghai Nanshan thrust Fault is tectonically active. The sustained thrust activities of the fault have uplifted the Qinghai Nanshan, driven southward migration of the main divide and caused obvious regional crustal shortening and thickening. Given the same landscape characteristics as the Qinghai Nanshan, the Gonghe Nanshan was found to have appreciable influence on regional crust deformation. Secondary active tectonics (e.g. the Qinghai Nanshan and Gonghe Nanshan) could subdivide rigid blocks into smaller ones and promote the slip transferring and strain regulation between boundary strike‐slip faults. In summary, we concluded that continuous crustal deformation within the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is implemented through strain assimilation by minor faults in minor blocks.

Thrust fault

10.1111/ter.12583

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Citations (6)

Late Pleistocene slip rate on a blind thrust in the western Qilian Shan, NW China

Geomorphology (2019)

Xingwang Liu Daoyang Yuan Qi Su

Anticline

Thrust fault

River terraces

Surface exposure dating

10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106841

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Citations (19)

Typical Fine Structure and Seismogenic Mechanism Analysis of the Surface Rupture of the 2022 Menyuan Mw 6.7 Earthquake

Remote Sensing (2023)

Yameng Wen Daoyang Yuan Xie Hong Ruihuan Su Qi Su

On 8 January 2022, a seismic event of significant magnitude (Mw 6.7, Ms 6.9) occurred in the northeastern region of the Tibetan Plateau. This earthquake was characterized by left-lateral strike-slip motion, accompanied by a minor reverse movement. The Menyuan earthquake resulted in the formation of two main ruptures and one secondary rupture. These ruptures were marked by a left-lateral step zone that extended over a distance of 1 km between the main ruptures. The length of the rupture zones was approximately 37 km. The surface rupture zone exhibited various features, including left-lateral offset small gullies, riverbeds, wire fences, road subgrades, mole tracks, cracks, and scarps. Through a comprehensive field investigation and precise measurement using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, 111 coseismic horizontal offsets were determined, with the maximum offset recorded at 2.6 ± 0.3 m. The analysis of aftershocks and the findings from the field investigation led to the conclusion that the earthquake was triggered by the Lenglongling fault and the Tuolaishan fault. These faults intersected at a release double-curved structure, commonly referred to as a stepover. During this particular process, the Lenglongling fault was responsible for initiating the coseismic rupture of the Sunan–Qilian fault. It is important to note that the stress applied to the Tuolaishan fault has not been fully relieved, indicating the presence of potential future hazards.

Surface rupture

Earthquake rupture

10.3390/rs15184375

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Citations (6)

Geomorphic expression of the Lenglong Ling area, eastern Qilian Shan, and its coupling relationship with the deep structures

Geological Journal (2021)

Zhimin Li Qi Su Xie Hong Bo Wang

Located at the outer edge of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, the Qilian Shan has long been considered to be the key area to address the issue of how the Tibetan Plateau generates its high topography. However, in spite of the fruitful achievements on the growth pattern and subtle crustal structures of the Qilian Shan, what we know about the regional topography evolution and its relationship with the deep structures are still lacking. In this study, the landscape features of the eastern Qilian Shan and the probable drainage evolution history of the Lenglong Ling, located within the central part of the eastern Qilian Shan, are investigated, based on the multiple geomorphic analyses (i.e., HI and steepness distributions, and the Gilbert and χ metrics). The topographic results show that high HI and steepness values distribute mainly in areas controlled by active faults (i.e., the mountain areas). In addition, the Gilbert and χ metrics suggest that the main Lenglong Ling divide is stable. According to the drainage divide stability criteria, we suggest that the presence of the uplift rate gradient in the eastern Qilian Shan (i.e., with higher uplift in the Lenglong Ling area), which is suggested by the topographic results, has driven the main divide to migrate southward and is now “holding” the divide in place. Taking the previously published magnetotelluric imaging into account, we reveal the coupling relationship between the deep structures and the regional geomorphic features, and further suggest that the Lenglong Ling Fault, or the Qilian‐Haiyuan Fault, makes a difference in regional strain transferring and relief generation.

10.1002/gj.4102

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Citations (2)

Characteristics of Co-Seismic Surface Rupture of the 2021 Maduo Mw 7.4 Earthquake and Its Tectonic Implications for Northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Remote Sensing (2022)

Xie Hong Zhimin Li Daoyang Yuan Xianyan Wang Qi Su

A magnitude (Mw) 7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on 22 May 2021 in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with predominantly left-lateral strike-slip faulting and a component of normal faulting within the Bayan Har Block. The co-seismic surface rupture extended in a NWW direction for ~160 km with a complicated geometry along a poorly known young fault: the Jiangcuo Fault. The main surface rupture propagated bilaterally from the epicenter and terminated eastward in horsetail splays. The main rupture can be divided into five segments with two rupture gaps. Field surveys and detailed mapping revealed that the co-seismic surface ruptures were characterized by a series of left-lateral offsets, en echelon tensional cracks and fissures, compressional mole tracks, and widespread sand liquefication. The observed co-seismic left-lateral displacements ranged from 0.2 m to ~2.6 m, while the vertical displacements ranged from 0.1 m to ~1.5 m, much lower than the InSAR inverse slip maximum of 2–6 m. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the causative fault geometry and the tectonic structure of the northern Bayan Har Block, this study suggests that the multiple NWW trending sub-faults, including the Jiangcuo Fault, developed from the East Kunlun fault northeast of the Bayan Har Block could be regarded as the sub-faults of the East Kunlun Fault system, constituting a broad and dispersive northern boundary of the Block, controlling the inner strain distribution and deformation.

Epicenter

Surface rupture

Earthquake rupture

Echelon formation

10.3390/rs14174154

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Citations (10)

Bedrock channel form in the Madong Shan (NE Tibet): Implications for the strain transfer along the strike-slip Haiyuan Fault

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (2019)

Xuemei Li Huiping Zhang Qi Su

Bedrock

Lithology

Tectonic uplift

10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.103896

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Citations (8)

Perturbed peer model with joint confidence for semi-supervised object-based classification in urban area

International Journal of Remote Sensing (2023)

Wenye Wang Xueliang Zhang Pengfeng Xiao Qi Su

The application of deep learning (DL) improves the accuracy of object-based classification in urban area, but the huge numbers of labelled samples required for training DL models are difficult to obtain. To address that, we propose a novel semi-supervised object-based classification method that combines pseudo-labelling method and consistency regularization method, named as perturbed peer model (PPM). To evaluate the quality of unlabelled object samples, a new object-level joint confidence is designed to assess the confidence of the samples’ prediction, which provides guidance for selecting unlabelled object samples in semi-supervised object-based classification. Instead of only using the high-confidence samples as usual, both the high-confidence samples with discriminative power and the low-confidence samples with a large range of structural features are exploited using pseudo-labelling method and consistency regularization method, respectively, facilitating the fusion of the two methods in the proposed PPM. In addition, two types of perturbations, dropout and difference augmentation, are integrated into the model to drive the consistency regularization method as well as to enhance the difference to facilitate the pseudo-labelling method. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of PPM is better than the widely-used self-training, co-training, noisy-student, unsupervised data augmentation for consistency training, and FreeMatch methods in urban area.

Regularization

Discriminative model

10.1080/01431161.2023.2235643

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Citations (0)

The impacts of base level and lithology on fluvial geomorphic evolution at the tectonically active Laohu and Hasi Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Science China Earth Sciences (2021)

Zhengchen Li Xianyan Wang Yang Yu Huiping Zhang Qi Su

Lithology

Landform

Tectonic uplift

10.1007/s11430-020-9743-1

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Citations (9)

Late Pleistocene slip rate of the northern Qilian Shan frontal thrust, western Hexi Corridor, China

Terra Nova (2017)

Xingwang Liu Daoyang Yuan Qi Su

Abstract We derive a slip rate for a frontal thrust in the western Hexi Corridor along the northern Qilian Shan by combining topographic profiling and 10 Be exposure dating. The active Yumen‐Beidahe thrust fault offsets late Pleistocene alluvial‐fan deposits, and a prominent north‐facing scarp is well preserved. To quantify the slip rate, we surveyed the uplifted terraces and sampled quartz‐rich pebbles on terrace surfaces and river channels to determine surface exposure ages and pre‐depositional inheritance. The minimum vertical slip rate of the fault is 0.73 ± 0.09 mm a −1 . This represents a horizontal shortening rate of 1.26 ± 0.31 mm a −1 for a fault dip of 30 ± 5°. This estimated slip rate supports the inference made from previous geological and GPS constraints that NNE ‐directed shortening across the western Qilian Shan and the Hexi Corridor is distributed on several active faults with a total shortening rate of 4–10 mm a −1 .

Thrust fault

Alluvial fan

Outcrop

10.1111/ter.12270

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Citations (39)

Geomorphic evidence of unrecognized Qinghai Nanshan fault in the Gonghe Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Arabian Journal of Geosciences (2018)

Xie Hong Qi Su Daoyang Yuan Wengui He Aiguo Wang

Thrust fault

Sinuosity

10.1007/s12517-018-3866-y

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Citations (7)