George W. Moore, J.W. Cosgrove, P.L. Hancock, Walter F. Davidson, William S. Fyfe, H.-J. Götze, Ma Xingyuan, R.T. Lubala, M. Chabu, Ursula B. Marvin, Henry W. Posamentier, Dale A. Leckie, F.W. Eder, K. Schwab, G. Wörner, Robert I. Hill, Ian S. Williams. Episodes 1992;15:204-20. https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1992/v15i3/006
Research Article| January 01, 1961 COUPLED REACTIONS IN METAMORPHISM: A CORRECTION W. S FYFE; W. S FYFE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CALIF. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar F. J TURNER; F. J TURNER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CALIF. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J VERHOOGEN J VERHOOGEN UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CALIF. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1961) 72 (1): 169–170. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[169:CRIMAC]2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 21 Jun 1960 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation W. S FYFE, F. J TURNER, J VERHOOGEN; COUPLED REACTIONS IN METAMORPHISM: A CORRECTION. GSA Bulletin 1961;; 72 (1): 169–170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[169:CRIMAC]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract No abstract available. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
There is no doubt that processes on the surface of this planet, and increasingly in wet porous rocks beneath the surface, are mediated by microorganisms.I often say that we will never understand the environment until we describe the actions of the thousands of species beneath our feet.The study of microbiological processes was delayed until we had access to modern micro-analytical techniques and particularly modern high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.This volume published by Kanazawa University and edited by a master electron microscopist, Dr. Kazue Tazaki, demonstrates the incredible processes in the brilliantly coloured biofilms observed in a host of environments.As stated in the opening chapter: "Bacteria play an important role in the concentrations, crystallization, transportation and sedimentation of almost all elements in the Earth's environment.In the geo-, aqua-, and eco-systems, microbial mats of bacterial colonies with biominerals are an exciting area of study.Bacterial biomineralization plays a key role in the remediation of toxic heavy metals in polluted soils and water systems at abandoned mining sites.Colourful microbial mats can be seen in hot springs and geothermal areas.The biomineral assemblages can include carbonates, silicates, Fe-Mn oxides, hydrated phosphates, sulfides and clay minerals formed through bacterial activities.The nature of the assemblage is dependent on temperature, pH, Eh, DO and EC conditions.Electron microscopic techniques in geo-microbiology have opened a new world of observation in the geosciences.The objectives of this study is to introduce the natural occurrence of biominerals in microbial in Japan to better understand the role of bacteria in their nucleation and crystallization."The volume described biomats from various places in Japan illustrating diverse environments and processes.These include waterfalls, ponds, hot springs, mines for various metals, beach environments, even from the Okinawa Trough and seafloor hydrothermal systems near the Iheya Ridge.Biominerals described include: silicates, Fe-Mn oxides, pyrite, quartz and various states of silica, carbonates, copper, illites, nontronite, barite, smectites and many others.
Two distinct hydrothermal fluids have been identified in the Troodos ophiolite from fluid inclusion studies of alteration minerals encountered in drillhole CY-4. Alteration mineral assemblages signify zeolite (laumontite-stilbite-analcite-calcite±gypsum) to greenschist (albite-actinolite-epidote-anorthite-quartzdiopside) facies conditions of hydrothermal alteration. The first population of primary fluid inclusions are two phase liquid+ vapour, with Te= -31 to -19°C, Tm= -5 to -0.1°C, and Th= 140 to 354°C, corresponding to NaCl thermal waters of 8 to 0.7 wt.% NaCl equivalent salinity, plausibly evolved seawater. A second population of primary fluid inclusions contain liquid, vapour ± NaCl daughter crystals, where Te = -55 to -43°C, Tm = -34 to -0.3°C, and Th = 130 to 300°C. Such fluids are dominantly hypersaline CaClrNaCl brines, involved in local Ca-metasomatism of the ophiolite. Enhanced salinities may have resulted from the reaction of seawater with peridotite to produce serpentine + brine. Sporadic low salinity fluids may represent either condensate from a boiling hydrothermal fluid, or a third, late-stage aqueous reservoir.