Patrice Boissier

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

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Aline Peltier

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Philippe Kowalski

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Valérie Ferrazzini

Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de la Réunion

Andréa Di Muro

Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de la Réunion

Thomas Staudacher

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Christοphe Brunet

Sorbonne Université

Nicolas Villeneuve

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Philippe Catherine

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

A. Mangeney

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Clément Hibert

Institut Terre & Environnement de Strasbourg

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

141

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Université Paris Cité

Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de la Réunion

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Sorbonne Paris Cité

Institut des Sciences de la Terre

Écologie Marine Tropicale des Océans Pacifique et Indien

Sorbonne Université

Météo-France

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Volcano Crisis Management at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Seismological Research Letters (2020)

Aline Peltier Valérie Ferrazzini Andréa Di Muro Philippe Kowalski Nicolas Villeneuve

Abstract In March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and became a global health crisis. Authorities worldwide implemented lockdowns to restrict travel and social exchanges in a global effort to counter the pandemic. In France, and in French overseas departments, the lockdown was effective from 17 March to 11 May 2020. It was in this context that the 2–6 April 2020 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean) took place. Upon the announcement of the lockdown in France, a reduced activity plan was set up by the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, which manages the Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF). The aim was to (1) maintain remote monitoring operations by teleworking and (2) authorize fieldwork only for critical reasons, such as serious breakdowns of stations or transmission relays. This eruption provided an opportunity for the observatory to validate its capacity to manage a volcanic crisis with 100% remotely operated monitoring networks. We thus present the long- and short-term precursors to the eruption, and the evolution of the eruption recorded using the real-time monitoring data as communicated to the stakeholders. The data were from both continuously recording and transmitting field instruments as well as satellites. The volcano observatory staff remotely managed the volcano crisis with the various stakeholders based only on these remotely functioning networks. Monitoring duties were also assured in the absence of ad hoc field investigation of the eruption by observatory staff or face-to-face communications. The density and reliability of the OVPF networks, combined with satellite observations, allowed for trustworthy instrument-based monitoring of the eruption and continuity of the OVPF duties in issuing regular updates of volcanic activity in the context of a double crisis: volcanic and health.

Pandemic

10.1785/0220200212

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Citations (31)

Un SIG Volcanologique pour la connaissance de l'aléa éruptif du Piton de la Fournaise, Ile de la Réunion

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2012)

Cécile Saint-Marc Paule‐Annick Davoine Andréa Di Muro Thomas Staudacher Patrice Boissier

Le Piton de la Fournaise, situe sur l'ile de la Reunion, est l'un des volcans les plus actifs au monde avec 31 eruptions de 1998 a nos jours. Il fait l'objet d'une surveillance continue et de nombreuses donnees retracant les phenomenes eruptifs passes sont disponibles : coulees, fissures, tephras, cones, seismes, donnees geochimiques... La connaissance de l'alea eruptif necessite de mettre en relation spatialement et temporellement l'ensemble de ces donnees afin de suivre l'evolution spatio-temporelle de l'activite volcanique. L'objet de la communication est de presenter les differentes etapes d'elaboration du SIG Volcanologique sous ArcGIS, allant de la structuration des donnees spatiales et temporelles heterogenes issues de sources variees (capteurs de surveillance, GPS, photo-interpretation, documents anciens), jusqu'a la spatialisation des phenomenes volcaniques, exprimee au moyen de diverses representations cartographiques, statiques ou animees, 2D ou 3D, en passant par des analyses spatiales et geo traitements plus ou moins complexes. L'enjeu principal est de contribuer a l'etude du fonctionnement du Piton de la Fournaise afin de caracteriser l'alea volcanique a l'Ile de la Reunion.

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A Wrapper to Use a Machine-Learning-Based Algorithm for Earthquake Monitoring

Seismological Research Letters (2022)

Lise Retailleau Jean‐Marie Saurel Weiqiang Zhu Claudio Satriano Gregory C. Beroza

Abstract Seismology is one of the main sciences used to monitor volcanic activity worldwide. Fast, efficient, and accurate seismicity detectors are crucial to assess the activity level of a volcano in near-real time and to issue timely warnings. Traditional real-time seismic processing software uses phase onset pickers followed by a phase association algorithm to declare an event and estimate its location. The pickers typically do not identify whether the detected phase is a P or S arrival, which can have a negative impact on hypocentral location quality and complicates phase association. We implemented the deep-neural-network-based method PhaseNet to identify in real time P and S seismic waves on data from one- and three-component seismometers. We tuned the Earthworm binder_ew associator module to use the phase identification from PhaseNet to detect and locate the events, which we archive in a SeisComP3 database. We assessed the performance of the algorithm by comparing the results with existing catalogs built to monitor seismic and volcanic activity in Mayotte and the Lesser Antilles region. Our algorithm, which we refer to as PhaseWorm, showed promising results in both contexts and clearly outperformed the previous automatic method implemented in Mayotte. This innovative real-time processing system is now operational for seismicity monitoring in Mayotte and Martinique.

Seismometer

Martinique

10.1785/0220210279

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Citations (17)

Changes in the Long-Term Geophysical Eruptive Precursors at Piton de la Fournaise: Implications for the Response Management

Frontiers in Earth Science (2018)

Aline Peltier Nicolas Villeneuve Valérie Ferrazzini Séverine Testud Théo Hassen Ali

Anticipating eruptions early enough to give warning to authorities is one of the main goals in volcanology. However, identifying and providing unequivocal identification on volcano reawakening remain challenging issues, mostly when unrests are sudden or "silent". At the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, a clear increase in both the seismicity and the ground displacements are systematically observed a few days/weeks before eruptions, and appear as clear eruptive precursors. A systematic study of these long-term precursors demonstrates the changes in their intensity, duration and time of appearance during 1998-2017 (43 eruptions), directly linked to the influence of the pre- and post-summit caldera formation (April 2007) and to changes in the deep magma refilling process since 2016. These changes in the precursors were not without consequence on the early alert to the authorities, with some false alerts and late alerts. It is thus of prime importance for crisis management to bear in mind the possibility of these rapid changes and that of sudden volcanic unrest with little warnings, to be able to take the most appropriate decisions, in particular raising the level of alert or lifting it totally. The findings of this study have enabled the relevant authorities to improve the alert chain protocol, and scientists to communicate more efficiently with the decision-makers.

Unrest

Summit

Caldera

Volcanology

10.3389/feart.2018.00104

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Citations (31)

The April 2007 eruption and the Dolomieu crater collapse, two major events at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean)

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2008)

Thomas Staudacher Valérie Ferrazzini Aline Peltier Philippe Kowalski Patrice Boissier

Caldera

Chronology

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.005

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Citations (182)

Toward continuous quantification of lava extrusion rate: Results from the multidisciplinary analysis of the 2 January 2010 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion

Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (2015)

Clément Hibert A. Mangeney Margherita Polacci Andréa Di Muro S. Vergniolle

Abstract The dynamics of the 2–12 January 2010 effusive eruption at Piton de la Fournaise volcano were examined through seismic and infrasound records, time‐lapse photography, SO 2 flux measurements, deformation data, and direct observations. Digital elevation models were constructed for four periods of the eruption, thus providing an assessment of the temporal evolution of the morphology, the volume and the extrusion rate of the lava flow. These data were compared to the continuous recording of the seismic and infrasonic waves, and a linear relationship was found between the seismic energy of the tremor and the lava extrusion rate. This relationship is supported by data from three other summit eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise and gives total volume and average lava extrusion rate in good agreement with previous studies. We can therefore provide an estimate of the lava extrusion rate for the January 2010 eruption with a very high temporal resolution. We found an average lava extrusion rate of 2.4 m 3 s −1 with a peak of 106.6 m 3 s −1 during the initial lava fountaining phase. We use the inferred average lava extrusion rate during the lava fountaining phase (30.23 m 3 s −1 ) to estimate the value of the initial overpressure in the magma reservoir, which we found to range from 3.7×10 6 Pa to 5.9×10 6 Pa. Finally, based on the estimated initial overpressure, the volume of magma expelled during the lava fountaining phase and geodetic data, we inferred the volume of the magma reservoir using a simple Mogi model, between 0.25 km 3 and 0.54 km 3 , which is in good agreement with previous studies.

Effusive eruption

Lava dome

Overpressure

10.1002/2014jb011769

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Citations (26)

A damage model for volcanic edifices: Implications for edifice strength, magma pressure, and eruptive processes

Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (2014)

Aurore Carrier Jean‐Luc Got Aline Peltier Valérie Ferrazzini Thomas Staudacher

Abstract Monitoring of large basaltic volcanoes, such as Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France), has revealed preeruptive accelerations in surface displacements and seismicity rate over a period of between 1 h and several weeks before magma reaches the surface. Such eruptions are attributed to ruptures of pressurized magma reservoirs. Elastic models used to describe surface deformation would assume that accelerations in surface deformation are due to increases in reservoir pressure. This assumption requires changes in magma or pressure conditions at the base of the magma feeding system that are unrealistic over the observed timescale. Another possible cause for these accelerations is magma pressure in the reservoir weakening the volcanic edifice. In the present study, we modeled such weakening by progressive damage to an initially elastic edifice. We used an incremental damage model, with seismicity as a damage variable with daily increments. Elastic moduli decrease linearly with each damage increment. Applied to an initially elastic edifice with constant pressure at the base of the system, this damage model reproduces surface displacement accelerations quite well when damage is sufficient. Process dynamics is controlled by the damage parameter, taken as the ratio between the incremental rupture surface and the surface to be ruptured. In this case, edifice strength and magma reservoir pressure decrease with decreasing elastic moduli, whereas surface displacement accelerates. We discuss the consequences of pressure decreases in magma reservoirs.

10.1002/2014jb011485

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Citations (56)

First results of the Piton de la Fournaise STRAP 2015 experiment: multidisciplinary tracking of a volcanic gas and aerosol plume

Atmospheric chemistry and physics (2017)

Pierre Tulet Andréa Di Muro Aurélie Colomb Cyrielle Denjean Valentin Duflot

Abstract. The STRAP (Synergie Transdisciplinaire pour Répondre aux Aléas liés aux Panaches volcaniques) campaign was conducted over the entire year of 2015 to investigate the volcanic plumes of Piton de La Fournaise (La Réunion, France). For the first time, measurements at the local (near the vent) and at the regional scales were conducted around the island. The STRAP 2015 campaign has become possible thanks to strong cross-disciplinary collaboration between volcanologists and meteorologists. The main observations during four eruptive periods (85 days) are summarised. They include the estimates of SO2, CO2 and H2O emissions, the altitude of the plume at the vent and over different areas of La Réunion Island, the evolution of the SO2 concentration, the aerosol size distribution and the aerosol extinction profile. A climatology of the volcanic plume dispersion is also reported. Simulations and measurements show that the plumes formed by weak eruptions have a stronger interaction with the surface of the island. Strong SO2 mixing ratio and particle concentrations above 1000 ppb and 50 000 cm−3 respectively are frequently measured over a distance of 20 km from Piton de la Fournaise. The measured aerosol size distribution shows the predominance of small particles in the volcanic plume. Several cases of strong nucleation of sulfuric acid have been observed within the plume and at the distal site of the Maïdo observatory. The STRAP 2015 campaign provides a unique set of multi-disciplinary data that can now be used by modellers to improve the numerical parameterisations of the physical and chemical evolution of the volcanic plumes.

Panache

10.5194/acp-17-5355-2017

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Citations (25)

Acquisition, capitalization, modeling and sharing of volcanic and seismic monitoring data at La Réunion Island

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2014)

Patrice Boissier Andréa Di Muro Laura Henriette Audrey Rivière G. Roult

Capitalization

Source

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Fifteen Years of Intense Eruptive Activity (1998–2013) at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano: A Review

Active volcanoes of the world (2015)

Thomas Staudacher Aline Peltier Valérie Ferrazzini Andréa Di Muro Patrice Boissier

10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_9

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Citations (32)