Charlotte Pearson

University of Arizona

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Matthew W. Salzer

University of Arizona

Sturt W. Manning

Cornell University

Lukas Wacker

ETH Zurich

Peter Ian Kuniholm

University of Arizona

Christopher Bronk Ramsey

Oxford Archaeology

Alex Bayliss

Historic England

Timothy Heaton

University of Leeds

Bernd Kromer

Heidelberg University

Peter W. Brewer

University of Arizona

Florian Adolphi

University of Bremen

Cooperative Institutions

University of Arizona

128

Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique

Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research

University of Bern

Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research

New York University Press

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Weizmann Institute of Science

ETH Zurich

University of Helsinki

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A New Annual¹⁴C Dataset for Calibrating the Thera Eruption

Radiocarbon (2020)

Ronny Friedrich Bernd Kromer Lukas Wacker Jesper Olsen Sabine Remmele

ABSTRACT Annually resolved tree-ring samples of the time period 1625–1510 BCE were analyzed from the German oak tree-ring chronology. Blocks of the same tree rings were previously used to generate IntCal calibration data. The new dataset shows an offset to the calibration data IntCal13 of 24 years and resembles annual data for the same time period derived from tree-ring records in other growth locations. A subset of samples of the period 1625–1585 BCE was additionally measured in three other laboratories (ETH, AAR, AA) for quality control.

Chronology

10.1017/rdc.2020.33

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Citations (18)

Bristlecone Pine Maximum Latewood Density as a Superior Proxy for Millennium-length Temperature Reconstructions

Authorea (Authorea) (2024)

Tom De Mil Vladimir Matskovskiy Matthew W. Salzer Lode Corluy Louis Verschuren

Bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) (PILO) trees exhibit exceptional longevity. Their tree-ring width (TRW) series offer valuable insights into climatic variability. Maximum latewood density (MXD) typically correlates better with temperature variations than TRW, yet PILO MXD records are non-existent due to methodological challenges related to their tree-ring structure. Here, we used an X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) toolchain on 51 PILO cores from the California White Mountains to build a chronology that correlates significantly (r=0.66, p<0.01) with warm-season (March-September) temperature over a large spatial extent. This led to the first X-ray CT-based temperature reconstruction (1625 – 2005 CE). Good reconstruction skill (RE=0.51, CE=0.32) shows that extending MXD records across the full length of the PILO archive could yield a robust warm-season temperature proxy for the American Southwest over millennia. This breakthrough opens avenues for measuring MXD in other challenging conifers, increasing our understanding of past climate further, particularly in lower latitudes.

Toolchain

Proxy (statistics)

Dendroclimatology

Chronology

Maximum temperature

10.22541/au.171386432.28690932/v1

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¹⁴C Record and Wiggle-Match Placement for the Anatolian (Gordion Area) Juniper Tree-Ring Chronology ~1729 to 751 Cal BC, and Typical Aegean/Anatolian (Growing Season Related) Regional ¹⁴C Offset Assessment

Radiocarbon (2010)

Sturt W. Manning Bernd Kromer Christopher Bronk Ramsey Charlotte Pearson Sahra Talamo

The East Mediterranean Radiocarbon (inter-)Comparison Project (EMRCP) has measured the 14 C ages of a number of sets of tree rings from the Gordion Area dendrochronology from central Anatolia at the Heidelberg Radiocarbon Laboratory. In several cases, multiple measurements were made over a period from the 1980s to 2009. This paper presents the final data set from this work (128 high-precision measurements), and considers (i) the relationship of these data against the standard Northern Hemisphere 14 C calibration data set (IntCal09), and (ii) the optimum calendar dating of this floating tree-ring record on the basis of the final set of high-precision 14 C data. It finds good agreement between the Anatolian data and IntCal09 in some important intervals (e.g. ∼1729 to 1350 cal BC) and observes one period (9th–8th centuries BC) where there appears to be some indication of a regional/growing season signal, and another period (later 14th–13th centuries BC) where IntCal09 may not best reflect the real 14 C record. The scale of the typical growing-season-related regional 14 C offset (ΔR) between the Aegean/Anatolian region and IntCal09 is also assessed (for the mid-2nd millennium BC and mid-2nd millennium AD), and found to be usually minor (at times where there are no major additional forcing factors and/or issues with the IntCal09 data set): of the order of 2–4 ± 2–4 yr.

Chronology

10.1017/s0033822200056320

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Citations (32)

Olive shrub buried on Therasia supports a mid-16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption

Scientific Reports (2023)

Charlotte Pearson Kostas Sbonias Iris Tzachili Timothy Heaton

Abstract The precise date of the 2nd millennium BCE (“Minoan”) eruption of Thera (Santorini) has long been a focus of controversy due to a discrepancy between archaeological and radiocarbon-based dating of materials from stratigraphic layers above and below tsunami, ash and pumice deposits resulting from the eruption. A critical, though controversial, piece of evidence has been four segments of a radiocarbon-dated olive tree branch, buried on Thera during the eruption. Here we report new radiocarbon evidence from an olive shrub found carbonized by the same eruption deposits on neighboring Therasia (Santorini). The Therasia olive shrub dates slightly younger than the previous olive branch. Calibrated results and growth increment counts indicate increased probabilities for a mid-16th century BCE date for the eruption, overlapping with multiple volcanic sulfate markers from ice core records.

Pumice

Vulcanian eruption

10.1038/s41598-023-33696-w

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Citations (7)

A dendrochemical study of Pinus sylvestris from Siljansfors Experimental Forest, central Sweden

Applied Geochemistry (2006)

Charlotte Pearson Sturt W. Manning Max Coleman Kym E. Jarvis

Scots pine

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.07.006

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Citations (26)

Absolute dating of the European Neolithic using the 5259 BC rapid 14C excursion

Nature Communications (2024)

Andrej Maczkowski Charlotte Pearson John Francuz Tryfon Giagkoulis Sönke Szidat

Abstract Abrupt radiocarbon ( 14 C) excursions, or Miyake events, in sequences of radiocarbon measurements from calendar-dated tree-rings provide opportunities to assign absolute calendar dates to undated wood samples from contexts across history and prehistory. Here, we report a tree-ring and 14 C-dating study of the Neolithic site of Dispilio, Northern Greece, a waterlogged archaeological site on Lake Kastoria. Findings secure an absolute, calendar-dated time using the 5259 BC Miyake event, with the final ring of the 303-year-long juniper tree-ring chronology dating to 5140 BC. While other sites have been absolutely dated to a calendar year through 14 C-signature Miyake events, Dispilio is the first European Neolithic site of these and it provides a fixed, calendar-year anchor point for regional chronologies of the Neolithic.

Excursion

Absolute dating

Absolute (philosophy)

Paleoanthropology

10.1038/s41467-024-48402-1

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Citations (2)

New dendrochemical findings for Pinus nigra trees grown in the Mediterranean region

Dağıstan Şahin Kenan Ünlü Peter Ian Kuniholm Charlotte Pearson

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Citations (0)

New frontiers in tree-ring research

The Holocene (2020)

Jessie K. Pearl John R Keck William Lazar Tintor Liliana Siekacz Hannah Herrick

From its inception as a scientific discipline, tree-ring research has been used as a trans-disciplinary tool for dating and environmental reconstruction. Tree-ring chronologies in some regions extend back many thousands of years, opening up new potential for the study of climate, people, and ecology at annual and sub-annual resolution. As such, they are a frequently used resource for a diverse range of studies spanning the Holocene. They are also the focus of a constantly evolving array of analytical techniques and multidisciplinary approaches to research questions. This literature review discusses case studies at the cutting-edge of interdisciplinary tree-ring research, notes recent breakthroughs and limitations, and identifies key frontiers for the future of tree-ring research.

Dendroclimatology

Tree (set theory)

10.1177/0959683620902230

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Citations (50)

Discovery of a tsunami deposit from the Bronze Age Santorini eruption at Malia (Crete): impact, chronology, extension

Scientific Reports (2021)

Laurent Lespez Séverine Lescure Ségolène Saulnier-Copard Arthur Glais Jean‐François Berger

Abstract A geomorphological survey immediately west of the Minoan town of Malia (Crete) shows that a tsunami resulting from the Bronze Age Santorini eruption reached the outskirts of the Palatial center. Sediment cores testify a unique erosional event during the Late Minoan period, followed locally by a high energy sand unit comprising marine fauna. This confirms that a tsunami impacted northern Crete and caused an inundation up to 400 m inland at Malia. We obtained a radiocarbon range of 1744–1544 BCE for the secure pre-tsunami context and an interval 1509–1430 BCE for the post-event layer. Examination of tsunami deposits was used to constrain run-up not exceeding 8 m asl. The results open the field for new research on the Bronze Age Santorini tsunami regarding both impact and consequences for the Minoan civilization.

Chronology

10.1038/s41598-021-94859-1

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Citations (16)

Can tree-ring chemistry reveal absolute dates for past volcanic eruptions?

Journal of Archaeological Science (2005)

Charlotte Pearson Sturt W. Manning Max Coleman Kym E. Jarvis

Proxy (statistics)

Geologic record

Dendroclimatology

10.1016/j.jas.2005.03.007

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Citations (64)