This research was carried out in Lampuuk District, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. The main aims of this research are to analyze the impacts of the tsunami on landforms, especially their morphological aspects, to analyze the change of water quality and to predict the time required to recover the water quality to initial condition. Pedo-geomorphological approach has been applied in this research in order to evaluate the impacts of tsunamis to each geomorphological unit. Geo-electrical sounding and groundwater flow mapping have been conducted to understanding groundwater depth and potential water contaminant flow. Results show that tsunami caused high impacts to water quality and soil. The salinity of soil reached to > 3000 μohms/cm. Time required to recover soil quality into initial condition is approximately 2 years. We estimated that the time needed for water quality recovering is approximately 5 years.
This paper presents the results from an extensive field data collection effort following the December 26, 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Banda Aceh, Sumatra. The data were collected under the auspices of TSUNARISQUE, a joint French-Indonesian program dedicated to tsunami research and hazard mitigation, which has been active since before the 2004 event. In total, data from three months of field investigations are presented, which detail important aspects of the tsunami inundation dynamics in Banda Aceh. These include measurements of runup, tsunami wave heights, flow depths, flow directions, event chronology and building damage patterns. The results is a series of detailed inundation maps of the northern and western coasts of Sumatra including Banda Aceh and Lhok Nga. Among the more important findings, we obtained consistent accounts that approximately ten separate waves affected the region after the earthquake; this indicates a high-frequency component of the tsunami wave energy in the extreme near-field. The largest tsunami wave heights were on the order of 35 m with a maximum runup height of 51 m. This value is the highest runup value measured in human history for a seismically generated tsunami. In addition, our field investigations show a significant discontinuity in the tsunami wave heights and flow depths along a line approximately 3 km inland, which the authors interpret to be the location of the collapse of the main tsunami bore caused by sudden energy dissipation. The propagating bore looked like a breaking wave from the landward side although it has distinct characteristics. Patterns of building damage are related to the location of the propagating bore with overall less damage to buildings beyond the line where the bore collapsed. This data set was built to be of use to the tsunami community for the purposes of calibrating and improving existing tsunami inundation models, especially in the analysis of extreme near-field events.
We established an extensive database of tsunami field evidence in order to facilitate various numerical models of the 26 December 2004 tsunami in the Banda Aceh district of Sumatra, Indonesia. Inputs provided by 12 weeks of efforts during seven field trips include field measurements of runup, tsunami heights, flow depths, flow directions, and events’ chronology. We deliver detailed inundation maps of the western and northern coasts of Banda Aceh.About ten waves reached the coast. The maximum tsunami height reached 35 m during the third wave on flat areas and the maximum runup was 51 m measured on hill slope. This value is the highest runup ever measured in human history for a co-seismic tsunami event. The main hydrologic characteristic of the 26 December 2004 tsunami is the break of the main wave up to 3 km inland from the shoreline. The data collected, such as the numerous warning signs, could help further prevention actions.
