ÉK

É. Kaminski

Children's Hospital of Michigan

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Co-Authors

Guillaume Carazzo

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

S. Tait

Université Paris Cité

Angela Limare

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Claude Jaupart

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Neil M. Ribe

Université Paris-Saclay

Audrey Michaud-Dubuy

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Fanny Garel

Géosciences Montpellier

C. G. Farnetani

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Frédéric Girault

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Emanoil Surducan

National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Université Paris Cité

Sorbonne Paris Cité

Sorbonne Université

Délégation Paris 7

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Laboratoire de Dynamique des Fluides

Université Savoie Mont Blanc

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The use of Seismic Anisotropy as a Constraint for Geodynamic Models When Melt is Present

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2006)

É. Kaminski

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Citations (0)

How to Detect Water in the Mantle Wedge of a Subduction Zone Using Seismic Anisotropy.

AGUFM (2018)

É. Kaminski D. A. Okaya

Wedge (geometry)

Seismic anisotropy

Source

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Citations (0)

Birth and Decline of Magma Oceans in Planetesimals: 2. Structure and Thermal History of Early Accreted Small Planetary Bodies

Journal of Geophysical Research Planets (2022)

Cyril Sturtz Angela Limare S. Tait É. Kaminski

Abstract This is the second of two companion papers that present a theoretical and experimental study of the thermal history of planetesimals in which heating by short‐lived radioactive isotopes generates an internal magma ocean and the subsequent cooling and crystallization thereof. We study the conditions required to form and preserve basal cumulates and flotation crusts, and the implications for the thermal evolution of planetary bodies. Our model predicts that planetesimals larger than 30 km can reach 1300°C and a melt fraction of 40 vol%, producing a solid‐like to liquid‐like rheological transition that triggers an internal magma ocean. In the magma ocean regime core‐mantle differentiation occurs very quickly and the mantle convects under a relic of chondritic material whose thickness is controlled by the temperature of rheological transition. We show that the magma ocean episode is associated with time‐dependent crystal segregation and no re‐entrainment. Segregation of crystals is essentially constrained by their size and by their density difference with respect to the melt, the latter being fully determined by the planetesimal's initial composition. Olivine cumulates are likely to form at the core‐mantle boundary. Under certain particular conditions, a flotation crust can also form, which reduces the efficiency of heat evacuation by convection, thereby enhancing the magma ocean's lifetime and the efficiency of crystal segregation. Two types of large‐scale mantle structure are possible outcomes: a well‐mixed upper mantle above an olivine cumulate, or a more finely layered “onion‐shell” structure.

Magma chamber

10.1029/2021je007020

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Citations (6)

Modeling Crystallographic Preferred Orientation of Olivine Polycrystals Deformed in Diffusion Creep Regime, and Implications for Seismic Anistropy in the Upper Mantle.

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2016)

Navid Hedjazian É. Kaminski

Seismic anisotropy

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On the rise of turbulent plumes: Quantitative effects of variable entrainment for submarine hydrothermal vents, terrestrial and extra terrestrial explosive volcanism

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2008)

Guillaume Carazzo É. Kaminski S. Tait

The maximum height reached by a turbulent plume rising in a stratified environment is a key tool to estimate the flux released at its source, particularly for large‐scale flows because flux can often be very hard to measure directly. This height is known to be mainly controlled by the stratification of the ambient fluid, source buoyancy flux, and the efficiency of turbulent mixing between the plume and the external fluid. The latter effect has been only superficially explored in spite of its fundamental control on the dynamics. Here we show that commonly used one‐dimensional models incorporating a constant entrainment coefficient do not provide satisfying predictions. We propose a new model allowing for variable entrainment which gives excellent predictions of maximum heights reached by laboratory plumes in stratified environments. We then apply our formalism to natural plumes produced by explosive volcanic eruptions under terrestrial, paleo‐Martian, and Venusian conditions and by submarine hydrothermal activity at mid‐ocean ridges. Source mass discharge rates deduced from maximum volcanic column heights for terrestrial eruptions are found to be greater than those estimated with the commonly used constant entrainment parameterization by a factor of 2. In the paleo‐Martian atmosphere, existing models overestimate plume heights by 14–27%. In the current atmosphere of Venus, the maximum height reached by a volcanic plume is also found to be smaller than previously estimated for large eruption rates. The source heat flux released by the TAG field (Atlantic Ocean) deduced from several submarine hydrothermal plumes is found greater by a factor 3 with our model.

Entrainment (biomusicology)

Stratification (seeds)

Panache

Submarine volcano

10.1029/2007jb005458

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Citations (94)

A revisit of the role of gas entrapment on the stability conditions of explosive volcanic columns

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2018)

Audrey Michaud-Dubuy Guillaume Carazzo É. Kaminski Frédéric Girault

Pumice

Peléan eruption

Pyroclastic fall

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.05.005

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Citations (15)

Microwave-heating laboratory experiments for planetary mantle convection

Journal of Fluid Mechanics (2015)

Angela Limare Kenny Vilella Erika Di Giuseppe C. G. Farnetani É. Kaminski

Thermal evolution of telluric planets is mainly controlled by secular cooling and internal heating due to the decay of radioactive isotopes, two processes that are equivalent from the standpoint of convection dynamics. In a fluid cooled from above and volumetrically heated, convection is dominated by instabilities of the top boundary layer and the interior thermal structure is non-isentropic. Here we present innovative laboratory experiments where microwave radiation is used to generate uniform internal heat in fluids at high Prandtl number ( ${>}300$ ) and high Rayleigh–Roberts number (ranging from $10^{4}$ to $10^{7}$ ), appropriate for planetary mantle convection. Non-invasive techniques are employed to determine both temperature and velocity fields. We successfully validate the experimental results by conducting numerical simulations in three-dimensional Cartesian geometry that reproduce the experimental conditions. Scaling laws relating key characteristics of the thermal boundary layer, namely its thickness and temperature drop, to the Rayleigh–Roberts number have been established for both rigid and free-slip boundary conditions. A robust conclusion is that for rigid boundary conditions the internal temperature is significantly higher than for free-slip boundary conditions. Our scaling laws, coupled with plausible physical parameters entering the Rayleigh–Roberts number, enable us to calculate the mantle potential temperature for the Earth and Venus, two telluric planets with different mechanical boundary conditions at their surface.

Internal heating

10.1017/jfm.2015.347

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Citations (26)

The effect of deformation history on the interpretation of seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle: experiments and numerical modeling

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2015)

Y. Boneh Philip Skemer Luiz F. G. Morales É. Kaminski

Seismic anisotropy

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Laboratory experiments of forced plumes in a density‐stratified crossflow and implications for volcanic plumes

Geophysical Research Letters (2014)

Guillaume Carazzo Frédéric Girault Thomas J. Aubry Hélène Bouquerel É. Kaminski

Abstract The mass eruption rate feeding a volcanic plume is commonly estimated from its maximum height. Winds are known to affect the column dynamics causing bending and hence reducing the maximum plume height for a given mass eruption rate. However, the quantitative predictions including wind effects on mass eruption rate estimates are not well constrained. To fill this gap, we present a series of new laboratory experiments on forced plumes rising in a density‐stratified crossflow. We identify three dynamical regimes corresponding to increasing effect of wind on the plume rise. The transition from one regime to another is governed by two dimensionless velocity scales defined as a function of source and environmental parameters. The results are found consistent with the conditions of historical eruptions and provide new empirical relationships to estimate mass eruption rate from plume height in windy conditions, leading to valuable tools for eruption risk assessment.

Dimensionless quantity

Panache

10.1002/2014gl061887

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Citations (41)

Impact of wind direction variability on hazard assessment in Martinique (Lesser Antilles): The example of the 13.5 ka cal BP Bellefontaine Plinian eruption of Mount Pelée volcano

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2019)

Audrey Michaud-Dubuy Guillaume Carazzo S. Tait Guillaume Le Hir Frédéric Fluteau

Volcanic hazards

Pumice

Dense-rock equivalent

Martinique