Richard E. Ernst

Carleton University

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Ulf Söderlund

Lund University

109

Kenneth L. Buchan

Natural Resources Canada

Hafida El Bilali

Carleton University

Sergei Pisarevsky

Curtin University

Sandra L. Kamo

University of Toronto

Brian Cousens

Carleton University

Nasrrddine Youbi

Cadi Ayyad University

Rajesh K. Srivastava

Banaras Hindu University

Michael A. Hamilton

University of Toronto

Michiel de Kock

University of Johannesburg

Cooperative Institutions

Russian Academy of Sciences

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Carleton University

Institute of the Earth’s Crust

Geological Survey of Canada

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Institute of Geology and Geophysics

China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

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Mafic magmatism in the Bakhuis Granulite Belt (western Suriname): relationship with charnockite magmatism and UHT metamorphism

GFF (2015)

Martijn Klaver E.W.F. de Roever Antonia C.D. Thijssen Wouter Bleeker Ulf Söderlund

The Bakhuis Granulite Belt (BGB) is a metamorphic terrain within the Guiana Shield that experienced ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism at 2.07–2.05 Ga. In the southwest of the BGB, the Kabalebo charnockites were emplaced at ca. 1.99 Ga and thus postdate UHT metamorphism by at least 60 Myr. Two generations of gabbroic intrusions have been recognized within the BGB, which could act as a heat source for the two UHT events. A younger generation of tholeiitic "Charlie" gabbros yields a baddeleyite U/Pb age of 1971 ± 15 Ma. The presence of a metamorphic overprint indicates that the hornblende-bearing "Moi–Moi" metagabbros predate the Charlie gabbros. Large zircons with complex zoning patterns are found in a Moi–Moi metagabbro sample. The main growth domains of these zircons give an age of 1984 ± 4 Ma, which is indistinguishable from the surrounding charnockites. Matching trace element and Hf isotope characteristics indicate that the complex zircons are derived from the charnockites. We argue that the emplacement of the metagabbros and charnockite magmatism were contemporaneous and that zircon grains from the charnockitic melt were mechanically transferred to the gabbroic bodies during magma mingling. The new ages for the gabbroic bodies in the BGB confirm that they are contemporaneous with, and the likely heat source for, charnockite magmatism, but that they are not associated with the 2.07–2.05 Ga UHT event. Furthermore, the new ages and recognition of the Moi–Moi metagabbros as an Alaskan-type complex provide the first direct evidence for late Transamazonian subduction zone magmatism in the Guiana Shield.

Charnockite

10.1080/11035897.2015.1061591

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Citations (13)

The 1750Ma Magmatic Event of the West African Craton (Anti-Atlas, Morocco)

Precambrian Research (2013)

Nasrrddine Youbi Djiky Kouyaté Ulf Söderlund Richard E. Ernst Abderrahmane Soulaı̈mani

Flood basalt

Baddeleyite

Large igneous province

Laurentia

Supercontinent

10.1016/j.precamres.2013.07.003

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Citations (116)

Recognizing Mantle Plumes in the Geological Record

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences (2003)

Richard E. Ernst Kenneth L. Buchan

▪ Abstract Mantle plumes are recognized by domal uplift, triple junction rifting, and especially the presence of a large igneous province (LIP), dominated in the Phanerozoic by flood basalts, and in the Proterozoic by the exposed plumbing system of dykes, sills, and layered intrusions. In the Archean, greenstone belts that contain komatiites have been linked to plumes. In addition, some carbonatites and kimberlites may originate from plumes that have stalled beneath thick lithosphere. Geochemistry and isotopes can be used to test and characterize the plume origin of LIPs. Seismic tomography and geochemistry of crustal and subcrustal xenoliths in kimberlites can identify fossil plumes. More speculatively, plumes (or clusters of plumes) have been linked with variation in the isotopic composition of marine carbonates, sea-level rise, iron formations, anoxia events, extinctions, continental breakup, juvenile crust production, magnetic superchrons, and meteorite impacts. The central region of a plume is located using the focus of a radiating dyke swarm, the distribution of komatiites and picrites, etc. The outer boundary of a plume head circumscribes the main flood basalt distribution and approximately coincides with the edge of domal uplift that causes shoaling and offlap in regional sedimentation.

Flood basalt

Mantle plume

Large igneous province

Diatreme

Shield volcano

10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.145500

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Citations (324)

Decoding Earth’s rhythms: Modulation of supercontinent cycles by longer superocean episodes

Precambrian Research (2019)

Zheng‐Xiang Li R.N. Mitchell Christopher J. Spencer Richard E. Ernst Sergei Pisarevsky

Supercontinent

Palaeogeography

10.1016/j.precamres.2019.01.009

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Citations (139)

Radiating Dyke Swarms in the BAT Region on Venus: A Study From the Helen Planitia Quadrangle

Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition (2016)

Jamie Graff Richard E. Ernst C. Samson

Quadrangle

10.1111/1755-6724.12962

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Citations (0)

Dyke Swarms: Keys to Paleogeographic Reconstructions, Preface for IDC7 2016

Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition (2016)

Peng Peng Richard E. Ernst

10.1111/1755-6724.12844

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Neoarchean large igneous provinces on the Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa re-define the formation of the Ventersdorp Supergroup and its temporal equivalents

Geological Society of America Bulletin (2020)

Ashley P. Gumsley Joaen Stamsnijder Emilie Larsson Ulf Söderlund Tomas Næraa

Abstract U-Pb geochronology on baddeleyite is a powerful technique that can be applied effectively to chronostratigraphy. In southern Africa, the Kaapvaal Craton hosts a well-preserved Mesoarchean to Paleoproterozoic geological record, including the Neoarchean Ventersdorp Supergroup. It overlies the Witwatersrand Supergroup and its world-class gold deposits. The Ventersdorp Supergroup comprises the Klipriviersberg Group, Platberg Group, and Pniel Group. However, the exact timing of formation of the Ventersdorp Supergroup is controversial. Here we present 2789 ± 4 Ma and 2787 ± 2 Ma U-Pb isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite ages and geochemistry on mafic sills intruding the Witwatersrand Supergroup, and we interpret these sills as feeders to the overlying Klipriviersberg Group flood basalts. This constrains the age of the Witwatersrand Supergroup and gold mineralization to at least ca. 2.79 Ga. We also report 2729 ± 5 Ma and 2724 ± 7 Ma U-Pb ID-TIMS baddeleyite ages and geochemistry from a mafic sill intruding the Pongola Supergroup and on an east-northeast–trending mafic dike, respectively. These new ages distinguish two of the Ventersdorp Supergroup magmatic events: the Klipriviersberg and Platberg. The Ventersdorp Supergroup can now be shown to initiate and terminate with two large igneous provinces (LIPs), the Klipriviersberg and Allanridge, which are separated by Platberg volcanism and sedimentation. The age of the Klipriviersberg LIP is 2791–2779 Ma, and Platberg volcanism occurred at 2754–2709 Ma. The Allanridge LIP occurred between 2709–2683 Ma. Klipriviersberg, Platberg, and Allanridge magmatism may be genetically related to mantle plume(s). Higher heat flow and crustal melting resulted as a mantle plume impinged below the Kaapvaal Craton lithosphere, and this was associated with rifting and the formation of LIPs.

Supergroup

Baddeleyite

Large igneous province

Geochronology

Mantle plume

Flood basalt

Sill

10.1130/b35237.1

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Citations (48)

Intraplate geodynamics and magmatism in the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (2014)