Wenjie Xiao

Central South University

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Yunping Xu

Shanghai Ocean University

Yinghui Wang

Southern University of Science and Technology

Ronnie N. Glud

Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

Frank Wenzhöfer

Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology

Yasong Wang

Shanghai Ocean University

Harunur Rashid

Shanghai Ocean University

Huan Yang

Northeast Normal University

Ashley A. Rowden

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

Yuanhe Yang

Institute of Botany

David C. Podgorski

University of New Orleans

Cooperative Institutions

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Peking University

Shanghai Ocean University

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

China University of Geosciences

Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Ocean University of China

Tongji University

Southern University of Science and Technology

Huazhong Agricultural University

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The hadal zone is an important and heterogeneous sink of black carbon in the ocean

Communications Earth & Environment (2022)

Xi Zhang Yunping Xu Wenjie Xiao Meixun Zhao Zicheng Wang

Abstract Black carbon is ubiquitous in the marine environment. However, whether it accumulates in the deepest ocean region, the hadal zone, is unknown. Here we measure the concentration and carbon isotopes (δ 13 C and Δ 14 C) of black carbon and total organic carbon in sediments from six hadal trenches. Black carbon constituted 10% of trench total organic carbon, and its δ 13 C and Δ 14 C were more negative than those of total organic carbon, suggesting that the black carbon was predominantly derived from terrestrial C3 plants and fossil fuels. The contribution of fossil carbon to the black carbon pool was spatially heterogeneous, which could be related to differences in the distance to landmass, land cover and socioeconomic development. Globally, we estimate a black carbon burial rate of 1.0 ± 0.5 Tg yr −1 in the hadal zone, which is seven-fold higher than the global ocean average per unit area. We propose that the hadal zone is an important, but overlooked, sink of black carbon in the ocean.

Carbon sink

Carbon fibers

Sink (geography)

10.1038/s43247-022-00351-7

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Citations (17)

Jet transitions caused multiple abrupt droughts in the Asian summer monsoon margin during Holocene times

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology (2022)

Yuezhi Zhong Nathalie Dubois Jianguo Xiong Chenglong Deng Huiping Zhang

Westerlies

Orbital forcing

East Asian Monsoon

Holocene climatic optimum

Siberian High

Centennial

10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111106

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Citations (5)

Supplementary material to "Spatiotemporal transformation of dissolved organic matter along an alpine stream flowpath on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: importance of source and permafrost degradation"

Yinghui Wang Robert G. M. Spencer David C. Podgorski Anne M. Kellerman Harunur Rashid

Degradation

10.5194/bg-2018-182-supplement

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Citations (0)

Different responses of ecohydrological processes in the re-vegetation area between the dip and anti-dip slope in a karst rocky desertification area in southwestern China

Plant and Soil (2021)

Wenjie Xiao Yan Yang Xiuyang Jiang Zhili He Xiaogang Zou

Revegetation

Desertification

10.1007/s11104-020-04821-9

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Citations (10)

Substantial accumulation of mercury in the deepest parts of the ocean and implications for the environmental mercury cycle

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2021)

Мaodian Liu Wenjie Xiao Qianru Zhang Shengliu Yuan Peter A. Raymond

Anthropogenic activities have led to widespread contamination with mercury (Hg), a potent neurotoxin that bioaccumulates through food webs. Recent models estimated that, presently, 200 to 600 t of Hg is sequestered annually in deep-sea sediments, approximately doubling since industrialization. However, most studies did not extend to the hadal zone (6,000- to 11,000-m depth), the deepest ocean realm. Here, we report on measurements of Hg and related parameters in sediment cores from four trench regions (1,560 to 10,840 m), showing that the world's deepest ocean realm is accumulating Hg at remarkably high rates (depth-integrated minimum-maximum: 24 to 220 μg ⋅ m-2 ⋅ y-1) greater than the global deep-sea average by a factor of up to 400, with most Hg in these trenches being derived from the surface ocean. Furthermore, vertical profiles of Hg concentrations in trench cores show notable increasing trends from pre-1900 [average 51 ± 14 (1σ) ng ⋅ g-1] to post-1950 (81 ± 32 ng ⋅ g-1). This increase cannot be explained by changes in the delivery rate of organic carbon alone but also need increasing Hg delivery from anthropogenic sources. This evidence, along with recent findings on the high abundance of methylmercury in hadal biota [R. Sun et al, Nat. Commun. 11, 3389 (2020); J. D. Blum et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117, 29292-29298 (2020)], leads us to propose that hadal trenches are a large marine sink for Hg and may play an important role in the regulation of the global biogeochemical cycle of Hg.

Mercury

Methylmercury

Biota

Sink (geography)

10.1073/pnas.2102629118

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Citations (37)

Efficient sequestration of terrigenous organic carbon in the New Britain Trench

Chemical Geology (2019)

Wenjie Xiao Yunping Xu Negar Haghipour Daniel B. Montluçon Binbin Pan

Terrigenous sediment

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119446

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Citations (24)

Paleoaltimetry proxies based on bacterial branched tetraether membrane lipids in soils

Frontiers of Earth Science (2014)

Huan Yang Wenjie Xiao Chengling Jia Shucheng Xie

Proxy (statistics)

10.1007/s11707-014-0464-5

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Citations (15)

Global calibration of a novel, branched GDGT-based soil pH proxy

Organic Geochemistry (2015)

Wenjie Xiao Yunping Xu Su Ding Yinghui Wang Xinyu Zhang

Proxy (statistics)

Negative correlation

10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.10.005

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Citations (57)

Spatiotemporal transformation of dissolved organic matter along an alpine stream flow path on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: importance of source and permafrost degradation

Biogeosciences (2018)

Yinghui Wang Robert G. M. Spencer David C. Podgorski Anne M. Kellerman Harunur Rashid

Abstract. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) accounts for approximately 70 % of global alpine permafrost and is an area sensitive to climate change. The thawing and mobilization of ice-rich and organic-carbon-rich permafrost impact hydrologic conditions and biogeochemical processes on the QTP. Despite numerous studies of Arctic permafrost, there are no reports to date for the molecular-level in-stream processing of permafrost-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the QTP. In this study, we examine temporal and spatial changes of DOM along an alpine stream (3850–3207 m above sea level) by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and UV–visible spectroscopy. Compared to downstream sites, dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the headstream site exhibited older radiocarbon age, higher mean molecular weight, higher aromaticity and fewer highly unsaturated compounds. At the molecular level, 6409 and 1345 formulas were identified as unique to the active layer (AL) leachate and permafrost layer (PL) leachate, respectively. Comparing permafrost leachates to the downstream site, 59 % of AL-specific formulas and 90 % of PL-specific formulas were degraded, likely a result of rapid in-stream degradation of permafrost-derived DOM. From peak discharge in the summer to low flow in late autumn, the DOC concentration at the headstream site decreased from 13.9 to 10.2 mg L−1, while the 14C age increased from 745 to 1560 years before present (BP), reflecting an increase in the relative contribution of deep permafrost carbon due to the effect of changing hydrological conditions over the course of the summer on the DOM source (AL vs. PL). Our study thus demonstrates that hydrological conditions impact the mobilization of permafrost carbon in an alpine fluvial network, the signature of which is quickly lost through in-stream mineralization and transformation.

Biogeochemical Cycle

Thermokarst

10.5194/bg-15-6637-2018

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Citations (26)

Global scale production of brGDGTs by benthic marine bacteria: Implication for developing ocean bottom environmental proxies

Global and Planetary Change (2022)

Wenjie Xiao Yunping Xu Lin Jian Zhiyu Zeng Yongsheng Liu

10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103783

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Citations (13)