Azaria Stephano Lameck

Mbeya University of Science and Technology

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Emil Boros

Centre for Ecological Research

Julianna Skutai

Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem

Omar Saeed

Montefiore Medical Center

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Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem

Institute of Nature Conservation

Montefiore Medical Center

Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Cairo University

The Bronx Defenders

Institute of Cardiology

Johns Hopkins University

Johns Hopkins Medicine

Abbott (Canada)

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Review of chemical properties of inland soda and saline waters in East Africa (rift valley region)

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies (2023)

Azaria Stephano Lameck Julianna Skutai Emil Boros

Inland soda and saline lakes of the East African Rift Valley (EARV). This study reviews the chemical properties of inland soda-saline lakes of the EARV, classifies lake water chemical types, and assesses the spatial distribution of the major ions. The chemical data were collected from published articles (1968–2022) where the salinity (TDS) exceeded 1 g/l concentration. Based on the total alkalinity and pH, the modified formula was used to estimate the concrete proportions of CO32- and HCO3-. The lake's water chemical type was classified using (Boros and Kolpakova, 2018) classification criteria. ESRI ArcMap 10.2 GIS software was used to analyze the spatial distributions of major ions. Following the critical review of the EARV soda saline lakes the dominance of cations and anions followed the order: Na+ > K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ and HCO3- + CO3- > Cl- > SO42-. Tanzania had the most soda-chemical type lakes (20), followed by Ethiopia (9), Kenya (8), and Uganda (4). Soda-saline lakes were the most common in Tanzania (5). Saline lakes were mostly found in Uganda (4), Tanzania (3), and Ethiopia (1). Except for Afrera Lake in North Ethiopia and Uganda (Western Rift), the concentration of Na+, Cl-, CO3- ions, and TDS showed an increasing concentration gradient tendency from north to south in the Eastern Rift.

East African Rift

Rift valley

Alkalinity

Dominance (genetics)

Saline water

Total dissolved solids

10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101323

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The chemical composition, classification, and geographical distributions of soda-saline lakes in Eastern Tanzania's rift valley

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies (2024)

Azaria Stephano Lameck Omar Saeed Emil Boros

Soda-Saline Lakes in eastern Tanzania's rift valley. This study examined the chemical composition, classification, and geographical distribution of soda-saline lakes in the eastern Tanzania rift valley. The results revealed that lake water pH ranged from 9.0 to 10.2, EC ranged from 2843 to 109,800 µS/cm, and Na+ dominated over other cations with mixed dominance of HCO3- + CO32-, Cl-, and SO42-. The study also revealed that lakes Balangida and Balangida Lelu had higher sulphate levels than the other lakes, presumably due to sulfate-rich bedrock and local agricultural input. The study suggests that trace elements and heavy metals in lake water depend on their geology, past usage, and specific environmental conditions. The saturation index (SI) showed that the lakes were oversaturated with dolomite, calcite, and aragonite but undersaturated with anhydrite, gypsum, and halite. Lakes Natron and Manyara are classified as soda types, lakes Balangida and Eyasi are classified as soda-saline types; and lakes Singidani, Kindai, Mikuyu, Balangida Lalu, and Sulunga are classified as saline types. The geographical distribution patterns showed that soda-type and soda-saline lakes were most common in northern Tanzania (Arusha and Manyara). In contrast, saline-type lakes were common in the central regions between Dodoma and Singida. The dominant volcanic nature in the northern part possibly influences soda and soda-saline types.

Saline water

East African Rift

Halite

10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101668

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Citations (5)