Lionel Wilson

Lancaster University

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J. W. Head

Lancaster University

P. J. Mouginis‐Mark

University of Hawaii System

E. A. Parfitt

Lancaster University

Klaus Keil

University of Hawaii System

Le Qiao

Shandong University

H. Pinkerton

Lancaster University

Long Xiao

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Yuqi Qian

University of Hong Kong

Feng Zhang

Chinese Academy of Sciences

S. A. Fagents

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Cooperative Institutions

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Planetary Science Institute

California Institute of Technology

University of Arizona

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Brown University

Ames Research Center

National Institute for Astrophysics

United States Geological Survey

Goddard Space Flight Center

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An integrated model of kimberlite ascent and eruption

Nature (2007)

Lionel Wilson J. W. Head

Diatreme

Dike

Xenolith

10.1038/nature05692

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Citations (160)

Vent geometry and eruption conditions of the mixed rhyolite–basalt Námshraun lava flow, Iceland

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2007)

Lionel Wilson S. A. Fagents L. E. Robshaw Evelyn D. Scott

Lava dome

Effusive eruption

Lava field

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.04.005

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Citations (7)

Generation, ascent and eruption of magma on the Moon: New insights into source depths, magma supply, intrusions and effusive/explosive eruptions (Part 2: Predicted emplacement processes and observations)

Icarus (2016)

J. W. Head Lionel Wilson

Dike

Magma chamber

Effusive eruption

10.1016/j.icarus.2016.05.031

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Citations (194)

The relationship between the height of a volcano and the depth to its magma source zone: A critical reexamination

Geophysical Research Letters (1992)

Lionel Wilson J. W. Head E. A. Parfitt

It is commonly assumed that hydrostatic pressure balance arguments can be used to establish a relationship between the maximum height to which a volcanic edifice is able to grow and the depth at which the partial melts providing its magma supply are formed. Such a relationship has been used to infer various aspects of the thermal and stress state of the lithosphere beneath volcanic constructs on Earth, Mars, Io and Venus. We examine the assumptions behind this relationship (which are that: (1) a continuous pressure connection exists between source and summit, (2) the pressure around the magma source is the local hydrostatic pressure dictated by the depth below the geoid, and (3) the melt erupting at the summit has a net positive buoyancy), and show that many of them require geologically unreasonable conditions. We then critically assess the evidence cited in the literature for the relationship and find that there are other factors that may explain the observations. We conclude that volcano heights on the terrestrial planets cannot be related in any simple way to lithospheric thickness or depth to the magma source zone and we review the range of other factors controlling volcano height.

Magma chamber

10.1029/92gl01073

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Citations (22)

Explosive volcanic eruptions-IX. The transition between Hawaiian-style lava fountaining and Strombolian explosive activity

Geophysical Journal International (1995)

E. A. Parfitt Lionel Wilson

The commonest eruption styles of basaltic volcanoes involve Hawaiian lava fountaining or intermittent Strombolian explosions. We investigate the ways in which magma rise speed at depth, magma volatile content and magma viscosity control which of these eruption styles takes place. We develop a model of the degree of coalescence between gas bubbles in the magma which allows us to simulate the transition between the two extreme styles of activity. We find that magma rise speed is the most important factor causing the transition, with gas content and viscosity also influencing the rise speed at which the transition occurs. Counter to intuitive expectations, a decrease in gas content does not cause a transition from Hawaiian to Strombolian activity, but instead causes a transition to passive effusion of vesicular lava. Rather, a change from Hawaiian to Strombolian style requires a significant reduction in magma rise speed.

Strombolian eruption

Effusive eruption

10.1111/j.1365-246x.1995.tb03523.x

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Citations (227)

Early aqueous alteration, explosive disruption, and reprocessing of asteroids

Meteoritics and Planetary Science (1999)

Lionel Wilson K. Keil Lauren Browning Alexander N. Krot William L. Bourcier

Abstract— Several classes of chondritic meteorites experienced heterogeneous aqueous alteration and subsequent brecciation before agglomeration into the final parent bodies. These processes resulted in intimate mixing of materials altered to various degrees. In the past, this mixing has been attributed solely to impact processes. However, our investigation of the physical consequences of aqueous alteration processes in bodies accreting from a mixture of silicate and ice grains shows that aqueous alteration was commonly accompanied by substantial gas production. The asteroids may have become so internally pressurized by these gases that the sudden onset of gas release led to partial or complete disaggregation of the body. In some cases, fragments may have escaped completely from the parent asteroid and could potentially have been incorporated into other accreting asteroids. In other cases, fragments originating from different parts of the initial body, having various sizes and temperatures and exhibiting varying degrees of alteration, may have re‐accreted into a second‐generation object and undergone further stages of alteration. Such events could have been repeated two or three times during the lifetime of 26 Al, the likely heat source for these processes.

Parent body

Aqueous medium

10.1111/j.1945-5100.1999.tb01362.x

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Citations (102)

Discovery of a Powerful, Transient, Explosive Thermal Event at Marduk Fluctus, Io, in Galileo NIMS Data

Geophysical Research Letters (2018)

A. G. Davies R. L. Davies G. J. Veeder Katherine de Kleer Imke de Pater

Abstract Analysis of Galileo Near‐Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of Marduk Fluctus, a volcano on the Jovian moon Io, reveals a style of volcanic activity not previously seen there—a powerful thermal event lasting only a few minutes in 1996. The thermal emission rapidly fades, suggesting extremely rapid cooling of small clasts. The duration and evolution of the explosive eruption are akin to what might be expected from a strombolian or vulcanian explosion. The presence of such events provides an additional volcanic process that can be imaged by future missions with the intent of determining lava composition from eruption temperature, an important constraint on the internal composition of Io. These data promise to be of particular use in understanding the mechanics of explosive volcanic processes on Io.

Strombolian eruption

Galileo (satellite navigation)

10.1002/2018gl077477

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Citations (13)

Volcanology: Volcanic gas release rates

Nature (1985)

Lionel Wilson

Volcanology

Volcanic Gases

10.1038/313266a0

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Citations (3)

Lunar Gruithuisen and Mairan domes: Rheology and mode of emplacement

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2003)

Lionel Wilson J. W. Head

The lunar steep‐sided Gruithuisen and Mairan domes are morphologically and spectrally distinctive structures and appear similar to terrestrial extrusive volcanic features characterized by viscous magma. We use the basic morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the domes to estimate the yield strengths (∼10 5 Pa), plastic viscosities (∼10 9 Pa s), and effusion rates (∼50 m 3 /s) of the magmas which formed them. These values are similar to those of terrestrial rhyolites, dacites, and basaltic andesites and support the hypothesis that these domes are an unusual variation of typical highlands and mare compositions. The dikes which formed them are predicted to have had widths of ∼50 m and lengths of about 15 km. The magma rise speed implied by this geometry is very low, ∼7 × 10 −5 m/s, and the Reynolds number of the motion is ∼2 × 10 −8 , implying a completely laminar flow regime. Estimates of emplacement duration range from one to several decades. These new calculations confirm the unusual nature of these features and support previous qualitative suggestions that they were formed from magmas with significantly higher viscosity than those typical of mare basalts.

Andesites

Dike

Magma chamber

Extrusive

10.1029/2002je001909

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Citations (91)

A Plinian treatment of fallout from Hawaiian lava fountains

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (1999)

E. A. Parfitt Lionel Wilson

Phreatomagmatic eruption

Volcanology

Dense-rock equivalent

Peléan eruption

10.1016/s0377-0273(98)00103-6

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Citations (50)