Chiara Maria Petrone

Natural History Museum

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L. Francalanci

University of Florence

Luca Ferrari

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Piergiorgio Scarlato

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Silvio Mollo

Sapienza University of Rome

Martin Mangler

University of St Andrews

Simone Tommasini

University of Florence

Manuela Nazzari

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Eleonora Braschi

Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources

Julie Prytulak

Durham University

Leone Melluso

University of Naples Federico II

Cooperative Institutions

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources

University of Florence

National Research Council

Sapienza University of Rome

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Imperial College London

University of Perugia

University of Pisa

Terra

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Pre-eruptive magmatic processes re-timed using a non-isothermal approach to magma chamber dynamics

Nature Communications (2016)

Chiara Maria Petrone Giuseppe Bugatti Eleonora Braschi Simone Tommasini

Abstract Constraining the timescales of pre-eruptive magmatic processes in active volcanic systems is paramount to understand magma chamber dynamics and the triggers for volcanic eruptions. Temporal information of magmatic processes is locked within the chemical zoning profiles of crystals but can be accessed by means of elemental diffusion chronometry. Mineral compositional zoning testifies to the occurrence of substantial temperature differences within magma chambers, which often bias the estimated timescales in the case of multi-stage zoned minerals. Here we propose a new Non-Isothermal Diffusion Incremental Step model to take into account the non-isothermal nature of pre-eruptive processes, deconstructing the main core-rim diffusion profiles of multi-zoned crystals into different isothermal steps. The Non-Isothermal Diffusion Incremental Step model represents a significant improvement in the reconstruction of crystal lifetime histories. Unravelling stepwise timescales at contrasting temperatures provides a novel approach to constraining pre-eruptive magmatic processes and greatly increases our understanding of magma chamber dynamics.

Magma chamber

Isothermal process

Igneous differentiation

10.1038/ncomms12946

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Citations (72)

Evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex: constraints on periodic edifice construction and destruction by sector collapse

Journal of the Geological Society (2021)

Guillem Gisbert Hugo Delgado Granados Martin Mangler Julie Prytulak Ramón Espinasa-Pereña

Popocatépetl is one of the most active volcanoes in North America. Its current predominantly mild activity is contrasted by a history of large effusive and explosive eruptions and sector collapse events, first summarized by Espinasa-Pereña and Martín-Del Pozzo (2006). Since then, a wealth of new radiometric, geophysical and volcanological data have been published, requiring a re-evaluation of the evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex (PVC). We combined existing literature data with new field observations, aerial imagery and digital elevation model interpretations to produce an updated and improved reconstruction of the growth and evolution of the PVC throughout its history. This will be fundamental for the assessment and mitigation of risks associated with potential future high-magnitude activity of the PVC. The PVC consists of four successive volcanic edifices separated by three sector collapse events producing avalanche deposits: Tlamacas (>538–>330 ka, described here for the first time); Nexpayantla ( c. 330 to >98 ka); Ventorrillo ( c. 98–23.5 ka); and Popocatépetl (<23.5 ka). The newly described Tlamacas collapse propagated towards the ENE, forming part of the Mayorazgo avalanche deposit. Supplementary material: Supplementary files 1–7 are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5709190

10.1144/jgs2021-022

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A Pyroxenic View on Magma Hybridization and Crystallization at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico

Frontiers in Earth Science (2020)

Martin Mangler Chiara Maria Petrone Samuel P. Hill Hugo Delgado Granados Julie Prytulak

The Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex (PVC) is an active arc volcano located in Central Mexico, 70 km southeast of Mexico City. Current models of the PVC's plumbing system and magma petrogenesis are largely based on the study of isolated Plinian eruptions in the past 23.5 ka and present-day Vulcanian activity, while voluminous effusive summit and flank eruptions remain underrepresented. Here, we present a detailed petrological characterisation focussed on ortho- and clinopyroxene in six effusive flank eruptions and two Plinian eruptions of the PVC during the last ~14.1 ka. Texturally and compositionally defined pyroxene populations facilitate novel approaches to constraining magmatic temperatures and deconvolving crystallisation histories. At least two inter-connected magma reservoirs are present in the mid-to upper crust beneath the PVC: (1) a magnesian andesitic reservoir crystallising high-Mg orthopyroxene (Mg# 79–90) + clinopyroxene (Mg# 82–91) + Cr-spinel ± sulfide at temperatures of 1000–1115°C, and (2) a more evolved, shallower magma reservoir crystallising plagioclase (An50–28) + low-Mg orthopyroxene (Mg# 56–71) + clinopyroxene (Mg# 64–79) + magnetite + ilmenite + apatite ± sulfide at a long-term storage temperature of ~970°C. These mid- to upper crustal magma reservoirs are periodically recharged with a hydrous, high-Mg basaltic mantle melt that crystallised fosteritic olivine (Fo82–89) + Cr-spinel + low-Ca clinopyroxene with elevated Al2O3 (≤6 wt. %) in the lower- to mid-crust at 1080–1220°C. Short- and long-term melt and crystal hybridisation is the primary driver producing the diverse crystal cargo and restricted whole-rock compositions that characterise effusive and explosive eruptions of the PVC in the last ~14.1 ka. Injections of the magnesian andesite into the evolved reservoir produce transient melts crystallising hybrid rims around pre-existing pyroxene and plagioclase crystals. Crystals are subsequently stored in a heterogeneous mush comprising multiple generations of crystals dominated by injected pyroxene of mafic origin. The majority of mafic pyroxene crystals (≤78 %) were stored in the evolved reservoir for centuries to millennia, resulting in near-complete diffusive overprinting of the mafic compositions. Magma injections from depth frequently remobilise the crystal mush and may lead to effusive and explosive eruptions of hybridised PVC andesites and dacites.

Fractional crystallization (geology)

Pyroxene

10.3389/feart.2020.00362

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Citations (31)

Melting, Differentiation and Degassing at the Pantelleria Volcano, Italy

Journal of Petrology (2012)

David A. Neave Gareth N. Fabbro Richard A. Herd Chiara Maria Petrone Marie Edmonds

We present the results of the first systematic study of melt compositions at Pantelleria, based on both melt inclusions and matrix glasses in pantellerites from 10 eruptions during the last eruptive cycle (<45 kyr). We present major and trace element compositions, as well as data on the volatiles sulphur (S), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and lithium (Li) Rare earth element (REE) compositions were inverted using the program INVMEL to establish the melt fraction vs depth relationship in the Pantellerian mantle source region. Inversion indicates that melts are generated by ∼1·7% melting of a light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched mantle source. The source lies principally within the spinel–garnet transition zone, which, on the basis of trace element ratios, shows some affinity to the source of North African magmatism. Major and trace element data indicate a gap in melt compositions at intermediate compositions, consistent with previously published whole-rock data. This gap rules out the possibility of explaining chemical variability in the Pantelleria lavas merely by changes in the crystal content of the magmas. Principal component analysis of major element glass compositions shows that the liquid line of descent for mafic melt compositions is controlled by clinopyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite and olivine crystallization. Alkali feldspar, clinopyroxene, ilmenite and olivine or aenigmatite crystallization controls the liquid line of descent for the silicic melt compositions, with aenigmatite broadly replacing olivine in the most evolved magmas. Trace element modelling indicates that 96% fractional crystallization is required to generate pantellerites from alkali basalts at Pantelleria (through trachytes, generated after 76% fractional crystallization). We have measured pantellerite volatile concentrations in melt inclusions and in matrix glasses from a variety of eruptions. Melt inclusions, on average, contain 350 ppm S, 3500 ppm F and 9000 ppm Cl. We have measured up to 4·9 wt % H2O and 150 ppm CO2 in melt inclusions. Li–H2O systematics and Cl abundances in melt inclusions are consistent with partitioning of Li and Cl into a subcritical hydrosaline fluid at low pressures. The volatiles H2O and CO2 are used to estimate melt equilibration pressures, which reach a maximum of 1·5 kbar. Temperatures of 800°C are calculated for the most evolved pantellerites, using published feldspar–melt geothermometers, and up to 870°C for the least evolved samples. Low melt viscosities are calculated for the range of pantellerite compositions observed and may account for rapid differentiation by crystal settling. Stable density stratification of the magma chamber is reflected in the eruption of generally progressively more fractionated compositions after the Green Tuff eruption during the last eruptive cycle. Some anomalies in this trend may be explained by variation in the relative rates of eruption vs fractionation. The density stratification is expected to be enhanced and further stabilized by the efficient migration of a fluid phase to the roof of the magma chamber. The sulphur data are used in combination with published experimental partitioning data for peralkaline rhyolites to estimate the sulphur yield to the atmosphere for a large pantelleritic eruption similar to the Green Tuff. This is expected to be markedly higher than for a similar-sized metaluminous rhyolitic or dacitic eruption, mainly owing to the higher bulk sulphur content, lower fluid–melt partition coefficients, and rapid differentiation and vapour phase segregation in the magma chamber.

Silicic

Incompatible element

Trace element

Fractional crystallization (geology)

Rare-earth element

Primitive mantle

10.1093/petrology/egr074

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Citations (77)

Generation of oceanic-island basalt–type volcanism in the western Trans-Mexican volcanic belt by slab rollback, asthenosphere infiltration, and variable flux melting

Geology (2001)

Luca Ferrari Chiara Maria Petrone L. Francalanci

Research Article| June 01, 2001 Generation of oceanic-island basalt–type volcanism in the western Trans-Mexican volcanic belt by slab rollback, asthenosphere infiltration, and variable flux melting Luca Ferrari; Luca Ferrari 1Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Apdo. Postal 1-742, C.P. 76001 Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Chiara M. Petrone; Chiara M. Petrone 2Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Lorella Francalanci Lorella Francalanci 3Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via La Pira 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Luca Ferrari 1Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Apdo. Postal 1-742, C.P. 76001 Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico Chiara M. Petrone 2Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA Lorella Francalanci 3Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via La Pira 4, I-50121 Firenze, Italy Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 11 Sep 2000 Revision Received: 08 Feb 2001 Accepted: 22 Feb 2001 First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2001) 29 (6): 507–510. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0507:GOOIBT>2.0.CO;2 Article history Received: 11 Sep 2000 Revision Received: 08 Feb 2001 Accepted: 22 Feb 2001 First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Luca Ferrari, Chiara M. Petrone, Lorella Francalanci; Generation of oceanic-island basalt–type volcanism in the western Trans-Mexican volcanic belt by slab rollback, asthenosphere infiltration, and variable flux melting. Geology 2001;; 29 (6): 507–510. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0507:GOOIBT>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Mantle plumes or decompression melting of a heterogeneous mantle have been proposed to explain oceanic-island basalt (OIB) type lavas found in the western Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. We show that mantle plumes cannot account for several geologic observations, whereas decompression melting is unrealistic given the low extension rate in the volcanic arc. On the basis of new geologic and geochemical studies, we propose an alternative model that reconciles geologic data, plate tectonic history, and petrology. Since 8.5 Ma, the volcanic front has migrated trenchward ∼80 km, and OIB began to be emplaced in the rear half of the arc after a period of stalled subduction of the Rivera plate between 7.2 and 4.8 Ma. As a whole, OIB accounts for ∼5% of the total volume of volcanism. Their trace element signatures require an enriched-mantle source, akin to the deep asthenosphere, but also indicate a minor involvement of a subduction component. We propose that during the period of very low convergence at the end of the Miocene, the leading edge of the Rivera slab started to sink into the mantle and continued rolling back until it reached the present dip of 45°. The sinking of the slab may have induced small amounts of asthenosphere to flow laterally into the opening mantle wedge, from the Gulf of California rift on the west and through the subducted Rivera-Cocos plate boundary on the east. This mechanism would produce veins of relatively enriched mantle, which would be able to produce melts with an OIB composition once the flux of fluids released from the subducted slab resumed. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Asthenosphere

10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0507:gooibt>2.0.co;2

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Citations (127)

High-field-strength-element enriched arc rocks witness subducted mélange recycling in upwelling asthenosphere

Lithos (2023)

Huichuan Liu Alan R. Hastie Chiara Maria Petrone

Asthenosphere

Metasomatism

Adakite

Trace element

10.1016/j.lithos.2023.107411

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Citations (0)

Volcanic systems in the San Pedro-Ceboruco graben(Nayarit, Mexico) in the light of new K-Ar geochronological data.

GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2001)

Chiara Maria Petrone Takahiro Tagami L. Francalanci auYoshihiro Matsumura Masafumi Sudo

Six new K-Ar ages were determined for three of four volcanic systems that constitute the San Pedro-Ceboruco graben of western Mexico, in order to give constraints on stratigraphic relationships and problems of magma genesis in an area characterized by the coexistence of magmas with different petrologic affinities (calc-alkaline and intra-plate type). Previous age determinations are scarce for this region. Samples were dated using the unspiked K-Ar sensitivity method with a mass-fractionation correction procedure. Our new data, along with those in literature, suggest that volcanism started at ∼2.5 Ma in the southwest part of the graben. Between ∼2.3 Ma to ∼0.1 Ma volcanic activity continued in the central part of the graben and starting from ∼0.5 Ma, volcanism also extended to the northern part. This northward shifting of the volcanic activity with time occurred along NW-SE trending lines which coincide with the main regional fault systems, and could be linked to the resumption of convergence after a period of near-cessation. The major phase of the magmatic activity is younger than 0.5 Ma, but the presence of volcanic activity strictly differentiated in magmatic affinities (orogenic and intra-plate), started earlier, around 1.1 Ma and is linked to sub-slab melts flowing in the mantle wedge. The age obtained on the dome complex (San Pedro-Cerro Grande Volcanic Complex) along with literature data suggest that the caldera collapse event occurred before ∼1.1 Ma and was followed by intracaldera and pericaldera activities. After ∼0.6 Ma, subsidence and consequent reactivation of the eastern caldera rim, can have determined the cutting of some pericaldera domes.

Caldera

10.2343/geochemj.35.77

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Citations (21)

Petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of silicic volcanism in the western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt: role of gabbroic cumulates

Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (2014)

Chiara Maria Petrone Teresa Orozco-Esquivel Luca Ferrari

Silicic

Fractional crystallization (geology)

Volcanic belt

10.1007/s00410-014-1006-6

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Citations (6)

Evolution of Stromboli basaltic plumbing system via magma recharges and mush rejuvenation.

Chiara Maria Petrone Silvio Mollo Ralf Gertisser Yannick Buret Piergiorgio Scarlato

Basaltic volcanoes can remain active for tens to thousands of years with the continual presence of magma, requiring storage and transport conditions that can sustain persistently eruptible melt. Magma storage conditions beneath these volcanoes may significantly change with time, leading to sudden and dramatic changes in explosivity. Determining the rates and causes of these changes and how they modulate eruptive style over societally relevant timescales is of paramount importance for evaluating potential hazards. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Southern Italy) within only 64 days offering a unique opportunity to study the short-term variations in a basaltic plumbing system that can lead to paroxysmal events.Stromboli is an active open conduit basaltic volcano well-known for its persistent mild (normal) Strombolian activity occasionally interrupted by sudden, short-lived events ranging in size and intensity from major (violent Strombolian) to paroxysmal explosions. Strombolian activity, effusive eruptions and major explosions, all involve a degassed, highly porphyritic (hp) magma from a shallow reservoir. Deep-seated more mafic and, volatile-rich low-porphyritic (lp) magma is erupted, alongside hp-magma, during paroxysms, and in smaller quantities during some of the major explosions. Both lp- and hp-magmas were erupted during the 3 July and 28 August 2019 paroxysms, whereas only hp-magma was erupted during the major explosion on 25 June 2019.Via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene from the summer 2019 paroxysms, we reveal a key role for batches of volatile-rich lp-magma recharge arriving in the shallow reservoir up to a few days before these events. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge lp-magma with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper (lp) and shallow (hp) reservoirs. This sustains the current variability of eruptive styles with near immediate eruptive response to mafic magma recharge. The remarkable agreement between our calculated recharge timescales and the observed variation in time of various monitoring signals strongly supports such a model.Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating that detailed petrological studies integrated with volcano monitoring signals are fundamental for a fast response during a volcanic unrest phase or crisis.This work has been published in Nature Communication: Petrone, C.M., Mollo, S., Gertisser, R. et al. Magma recharge and mush rejuvenation drive paroxysmal activity at Stromboli volcano. Nat Commun 13, 7717 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35405-z.

Strombolian eruption

Porphyritic

Effusive eruption

10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6218

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Magma recharge and mush rejuvenation drive paroxysmal activity at Stromboli volcano

Nature Communications (2022)

Chiara Maria Petrone Silvio Mollo Ralf Gertisser Yannick Buret Piergiorgio Scarlato

Open-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days. Here, via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene, we show arrival of mafic recharges up to a few days before the onset of these events and their effects on the eruption pattern at Stromboli, as a prime example of a persistently active, open-conduit basaltic volcano. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge magmas with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper and the shallow reservoirs that sustains the currently observed larger variability of eruptive behaviour. Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating the power of petrological studies in interpreting patterns of surficial activity.

Strombolian eruption

Flood basalt

Electrical conduit

10.1038/s41467-022-35405-z

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Citations (31)