Maurizio Ripepe

University of Florence

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Emanuele Marchetti

University of Florence

Giorgio Lacanna

University of Florence

Dario Delle Donne

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Riccardo Genco

University of Florence

Andrew Harris

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Diego Coppola

University of Turin

Marco Laiolo

University of Turin

G. Ulivieri

Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale 11 di Empoli

Marco Pistolesi

University of Pisa

Alessandro Aiuppa

University of Palermo

Cooperative Institutions

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

109

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

107

University of Florence

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans

Université Paris Cité

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Université Clermont Auvergne

Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives

United States Geological Survey

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Seismo-Acoustic Monitoring of the Dec. 2002 Eruption of Stromboli Volcano

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2003)

Maurizio Ripepe Emanuele Marchetti A. Fiaschi G. Ulivieri

Strombolian eruption

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Citations (2)

Regional earthquake as a trigger for enhanced volcanic activity: Evidence from MODIS thermal data

Geophysical Research Letters (2007)

Andrew Harris Maurizio Ripepe

The magnitude 6.4 earthquake that occurred in Java on 26 May 2006 provided us with data capable of revealing an immediate eruptive response at two Javanese volcanoes, Merapi and Semeru. The availability of pre‐processed thermal data for volcanic hot spots detected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), and provided on http://hotspot.higp.hawaii.edu, allowed us to produce heat and volume flux time series for these two erupting volcanoes covering a 35‐day period spanning the earthquake. Our results revealed a coupled response by the volcanoes to the earthquake, both experiencing increases in heat and volume flux beginning 3 days after the earthquake, with the response lasting 9 days. The response was felt at both volcanoes as a factor of two‐to‐three increase in the rate of volumetric output, after which output returned to the pre‐response rates. This implies that the earthquake triggered enhanced output at two erupting volcanoes 50 and 300 km distant from the earthquake epicenter and separated from each other by ∼260 km.

Epicenter

Hotspot (geology)

10.1029/2006gl028251

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Citations (71)

Near- and far-field infrasound monitoring of Etna volcano

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2012)

P. Campus Emanuele Marchetti Maurizio Ripepe Alexis Le Pichon Pierrick Mialle

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A Review of Tsunamis Generated by Volcanoes (TGV) Source Mechanism, Modelling, Monitoring and Warning Systems

Pure and Applied Geophysics (2024)

François Schindelé Laura S. L. Kong Emily M. Lane Raphaël Paris Maurizio Ripepe

Abstract Tsunamis generated by volcanic eruptions have risen to prominence since the December 2018 tsunami generated by the flank collapse of Anak Krakatau during a moderate eruption and then the global tsunami generated by the explosive eruption of the Hunga volcano in the Tongan Archipelago in January 2022. Both events cause fatalities and highlight the lack in tsunami warning systems to detect and warn for tsunamis induced by volcanic mechanisms. Following the Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha’apai eruption and tsunami, an ad hoc working group on Tsunamis Generated by Volcanoes was formed by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Volcanic tsunamis differ from seismic tsunamis in that there are a wide range of source mechanisms that can generate the tsunamis waves and this makes understanding, modelling and monitoring volcanic tsunamis much more difficult than seismic tsunamis. This paper provides a review of both the mechanisms behind volcanic tsunamis and the variety of modelling techniques that can be used to simulate their effects for tsunami hazard assessment and forecasting. It gives an example of a volcanic tsunami risk assessment undertaken for Stromboli, outlines the requirement of volcanic monitoring to warn for tsunami hazard and provides examples of volcanic tsunami warning systems in Italy, the Hawaiian Island (USA), Tonga and Indonesia. The paper finishes by highlighting the need for implementing monitoring and warning systems for volcanic tsunamis for locations with submarine volcanoes or near-shore volcanoes which could potentially generate tsunamis.

Volcanic hazards

Submarine volcano

10.1007/s00024-024-03515-y

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Citations (8)

Magma vesiculation and infrasonic activity at Stromboli open conduit volcano

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2010)

L. Colò Maurizio Ripepe Don R. Baker Margherita Polacci

Scoria

Strombolian eruption

Overpressure

10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.018

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Citations (36)

Interaction of seismic and air waves recorded at Stromboli Volcano

Geophysical Research Letters (1993)

Thomas Braun Maurizio Ripepe

Explosion‐quake seismograms recorded at Stromboli show that seismic phases with a high‐amplitude and high‐frequency content propagate with a velocity of approximately 330 m/s ‐ the sound speed. The analysis of seismograms, recorded at a distance of 500 m from one of the three active vents, shows for the first onset a low‐frequency and particle motion characteristic of a p‐wave, which loses its longitudinal polarization with the onset of the air‐wave. Recording the explosion‐quakes simultaneously with a microphone we could ascertain that the high‐frequency onset coincided with the air‐wave's. In order to better understand the seismic wavefield generated by the atmospheric pressure, we performed a controlled source experiment at Stromboli using a seismic gun. Seismograms with the same two phases and particle motions comparable with the volcano‐seismic data were obtained. A second experiment demonstrated, that the air‐wave propagates at least in the uppermost 1 m of the ground. We suggest that the seismic source of the corresponding seismograms is an explosion at the top of the magma column and conclude that the p‐ and air‐waves are both generated in the same point and at the same time.

Seismogram

Quake (natural phenomenon)

Dispersive body waves

10.1029/92gl02543

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Citations (62)

Process of small explosion at Stromboli volcano as inferred from analyses of broad-band seismic waveforms recorded at very-near-field stations

Japan Geoscience Union (2020)

Shunsuke Sugimura Takeshi Nishimura Maurizio Ripepe Giorgio Lacanna D. Legrand

Volcanology

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Seismic and infrasonic evidences for an impulsive source of the shallow volcanic tremor at Mt. Etna, Italy

Geophysical Research Letters (2001)

Maurizio Ripepe M. Coltelli E. Privitera S. Gresta M. Moretti

During a seismo‐acoustic experiment we recorded volcanic tremor around the summit craters of Mt. Etna volcano. Tremor shows amplitude modulation, which disappear ≈ 900 m from the crater area. The infrasonic wavefield is coherent even at distances of ≈ 750 m. Time delay between infrasonic transient is stable around 1.3 s and is consistent with the position of the source in the Voragine crater. Amplitude modulation of tremor is well correlated (0.72) with infrasound amplitude with a time lag of 0.37 s. coherent with a shallow position of the source. Amplitude of volcanic tremor decays over increasing distances according to geometrical spreading of body waves. Tremor wavefield shows a linear polarization following the same time occourrence as the infrasonic pulses. Polarization azimuth indicates that wavefield rectilinearity is mostly due to P‐waves. We infer that most of the volcanic tremor we recorded at Mt. Etna is generated by superimposition of small impulsive sources acting at 1–2 s rate caused by pressure instability during magma degassing.

10.1029/2000gl011391

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Citations (50)

The April –May 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption (Iceland): tephra characteristics, eruption dynamics, and role of magma-ice-water interaction

Raffaello Cioni Marco Pistolesi A. Bertagnini Costanza Bonadonna L. Francalanci

Dense-rock equivalent

Vulcanian eruption

Effusive eruption

Peléan eruption

Phreatic eruption

Lateral eruption

Phreatomagmatic eruption

Volcanology

10.1474/epitome.04.0726.geoitalia2011

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Geophysical investigations at Stromboli volcano, Italy: implications for ground water flow and paroxysmal activity

Geophysical Journal International (2004)

A. Revil Anthony Finizola Francesco Sortino Maurizio Ripepe

Stromboli volcano (Italy) is characterized by a permanent mild explosive activity disrupted by major and paroxysmal eruptions. These strong eruptions could be triggered by phreato-magmatic processes. With the aim of obtaining a better understanding of ground water flow in the vicinity of the active vents, we carried out a set of geophysical measurements along two profiles crossing the Fossa area (through the Pizzo, the Large and the Small Fossa craters). These measurements include electrical resistivity, induced polarization, self-potential, temperature and CO2 ground concentration. These methods are used in order to delineate the crater boundaries, which act as preferential fluid flow pathways for the upflow of hydrothermal fluids. The absence of fumarolic activity in the Fossa area and the ground temperature close to 100 °C at a depth of 30 cm indicate that the hydrothermal fluids condense close to the ground surface. Part of this condensed water forms a shallow drainage network (<20 m) in which groundwater flows downslope toward a perched aquifer. The piezometric surface of this aquifer is located ∼20 m below the topographic low of the Small Fossa crater and is close (<100 m) to the active vents. Electrical resistivity tomography, temperature and CO2 measurements show that this shallow aquifer separates the underlying hydrothermal body from the ground surface. Further studies are needed to ascertain the size of this aquifer and to check its possible implications for the major and paroxysmal events observed at the Stromboli volcano.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography

10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02181.x

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Citations (96)