Abstract Loparite-(Ce) is a ubiquitous accessory mineral in modally diverse albite-rich metasomatic rocks of the Burpala alkaline complex, Siberia. Compositionally, the mineral approaches the ideal formula Na REE Ti 2 O 6 ( REE = Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm), and contains minor CaTiO 3 (<4.8 mol.%), SrTiO 3 (<4.7 mol.%) and NaNbO 3 (<6.4 mol.%), The mineral is pseudocubic [ a p = 3.8815(3) Å], and produces an XRD pattern similar to that of synthetic NaCeTi 2 O 6 [ Pnma , a = 5.4517(4), b = 7.7058(9), c = 5.4333(6) Å]. The atomic coordinates and isotropic thermal parameters of synthetic NaCeTi 2 O 6 refined from an XRD powder pattern using the Rietveld method, are given. At Burpala, loparite precipitated from an alkaline REE -rich fluid during the metasomatic alteration of earlier-formed intrusive rocks. In some parageneses, loparite was replaced by ‘metaloparite’ during the final stages of metasomatism. ‘Metaloparite’ has the empirical formula REE Ti 2 O 6- x (OH,F) x ·nH 2 O, and shows minor enrichment in Ca and depletion in Sr, compared to co-existing loparite. The formation of ‘metaloparite’ involved cation leaching, hydration and ion-exchange between loparite and a fluid. ‘Metaloparite’ is metamict at room temperature, but some samples regain the perovskite-type structure upon heating.
The groundmass of lamproites from Middle Table Mountain, Leucite Hills, Wyoming, is characterized by the presence of potassium zirconium silicates and Sr{e-rich perovskite. Two intimately intergrown K-Z silicates of differing Ti content are recognizable by cathodoluminescence techniques. Both are similar in composition to wadeite. Intergrown with these minerals is a phase having the composition of the Ti analog (K2TiSi3Oe) of wadeite (K2ZrSi3O9) that is considered to be a new mineral. Groundmass poikilitic perovskite is unusually rich in Sr (zt-7 wt.7o SrO) and rare-earth elements (5-12 wt.Vo Ce2O3) relative to perovskite occurring in other lamproites and kimberlites. The formation of this unusual suite of accessory minerals in the groundmass is considered to reflect the exfeme differentiation of this batch of lamproitic magma relative to other occurences of lamproite in the Irucite Hills.
Quantifying the compositional evolution of mantle-derived melts from source to surface is fundamental for constraining the nature of primary melts and deep Earth composition. Despite abundant evidence for interaction between carbonate-rich melts, including diamondiferous kimberlites, and mantle wall rocks en route to surface, the effects of this interaction on melt compositions are poorly constrained. Here, we demonstrate a robust linear correlation between the Mg/Si ratios of kimberlites and their entrained mantle components and between Mg/Fe ratios of mantle-derived olivine cores and magmatic olivine rims in kimberlites worldwide. Combined with numerical modeling, these findings indicate that kimberlite melts with highly variable composition were broadly similar before lithosphere assimilation. This implies that kimberlites worldwide originated by partial melting of compositionally similar convective mantle sources under comparable physical conditions. We conclude that mantle assimilation markedly alters the major element composition of carbonate-rich melts and is a major process in the evolution of mantle-derived magmas.