Stefano Tavani

University of Naples Federico II

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Co-Authors

Amerigo Corradetti

University of Trieste

Josep Antón Muñoz

Universitat de Barcelona

Stefano Mazzoli

Università di Camerino

Pablo Granado

Universitat de Barcelona

Mariano Parente

University of Naples Federico II

Eugenio Carminati

Sapienza University of Rome

Fabrizio Storti

University of Parma

Alessandro Iannace

University of Naples Federico II

Marco Mercuri

Sapienza University of Rome

Andrea Billi

Consorzio Roma Ricerche

Cooperative Institutions

University of Naples Federico II

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

National Research Council

Sapienza University of Rome

Universitat de Barcelona

Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering

Terra

Roma Tre University

University of Bologna

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3-D Geothermal Model of the Lurestan Sector of the Zagros Thrust Belt, Iran

Energies (2020)

Matteo Basilici Stefano Mazzoli Antonella Megna Stefano Santini Stefano Tavani

The Zagros thrust belt is a large orogenic zone located along the southwest region of Iran. To obtain a better knowledge of this important mountain chain, we elaborated the first 3-D model reproducing the thermal structure of its northwestern part, i.e., the Lurestan arc. This study is based on a 3-D structural model obtained using published geological sections and available information on the depth of the Moho discontinuity. The analytical calculation procedure took into account the temperature variation due to: (1) The re-equilibrated conductive state after thrusting, (2) frictional heating, (3) heat flow density data, and (4) a series of geologically derived constraints. Both geotherms and isotherms were obtained using this analytical methodology. The results pointed out the fundamental control exerted by the main basement fault of the region, i.e., the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), in governing the thermal structure of the crust, the main parameter being represented by the amount of basement thickening produced by thrusting. This is manifested by more densely spaced isotherms moving from the southwestern foreland toward the inner parts of orogen, as well as in a lateral variation related with an along-strike change from a moderately dipping crustal ramp of the MFT to the NW to a gently dipping crustal ramp to the SE. The complex structural architecture, largely associated with late-stage (Pliocene) thick-skinned thrusting, results in a zone of relatively high geothermal gradient in the easternmost part of the study area. Our thermal model of a large crustal volume, besides providing new insights into the geodynamic processes affecting a major salient of the Zagros thrust belt, may have important implications for seismotectonic analysis in an area recently affected by a Mw = 7.3 earthquake, as well as for geothermal/hydrocarbon exploration in the highly perspective Lurestan region.

Basement

Discontinuity (linguistics)

Thrust fault

Geothermal exploration

10.3390/en13092140

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Citations (9)

Virtual geological mapping in the Lurestan region of the Zagros (NW Iran) with Google Earth

Geological Field Trips (2020)

Stefano Tavani Amerigo Corradetti Francesco Vinci Mariano Parente Stefano Mazzoli

View in Google Earth of a detail of the area of

10.3301/gft.2020.03

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Citations (4)

Virtual Outcrops in a Pocket: The Smartphone as a Fully Equipped Photogrammetric Data Acquisition Tool

GSA Today (2021)

Amerigo Corradetti Thomas Seers Andrea Billi Stefano Tavani

Since the advent of affordable consumergrade cameras over a century ago, photographic images have been the standard medium for capturing and visualizing outcrop-scale geological features.Despite the ubiquity of raster image data capture in routine fieldwork, the development of closerange 3D remote-sensing techniques has led to a paradigm shift in the representation and analysis of rock exposures from two-to three-dimensional forms.The use of geological 3D surface reconstructions in routine fieldwork has, however, been limited by the portability, associated learning curve, and/ or expense of tools required for data capture, visualization, and analysis.Smartphones are rapidly becoming a viable alternative to conventional 3D close-range remote-sensing data capture and visualization platforms, providing a catalyst for the general uptake of 3D outcrop technologies by the geological community, which were up until relatively recently the purview of a relatively small number of geospatial specialists.Indeed, the continuous improvement of smartphone cameras, coupled with their integration with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial sensors provides 3D reconstructions with comparable accuracy to surveygrade systems.These developments have already led many field geologists to replace reflex cameras, as well as dedicated handheld GNSS receivers and compass clinometers, with smartphones, which offer the equivalent functionality within a single compact platform.Here we demonstrate that through the use of a smartphone and a portable gimbal stabilizer, we can readily generate and register high-quality 3D scans of outcropping geological structures, with the workflow exemplified using a mirror of a seismically active fault.The scan is conducted with minimal effort over the course of a few minutes with limited equipment, thus being representative of a routine situation for a field geologist.

Outcrop

10.1130/gsatg506a.1

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Citations (20)

Fault‐bend folding as an end‐member solution of (double‐edge) fault‐propagation folding

Terra Nova (2006)

Stefano Tavani Fabrizio Storti

Abstract Fault‐bend folding is the most commonly used kinematic mechanism to interpret the architecture and evolution of thrust‐related anticlines in thrust wedges. However, its basic requirement of an instantaneous propagation of the entire fault before hangingwall deformation, limits its kinematic effectiveness. To overcome this limitation, we used the interdependence between fold shape and fault slip vs. propagation rate ( S / P ratio) implemented in double‐edge fault‐propagation folding. We show that very small S / P values produce fault‐propagation anticlines that, when transported forelandward along an upper décollement layer, closely resemble fault‐bend anticlines. Accordingly, if small geometric discrepancies between the two solutions are accepted, transported double‐edge fault‐propagation provides an effective kinematic alternative to fault‐bend folding. Even at very low S / P values, it in fact predicts a fast but finite propagation rate of the fault. We thus propose that double‐edge fault‐propagation folding provides a broadly applicable model of fault‐related folding that includes fault‐bend folding as an end‐member kinematic solution. Terra Nova, 18, 270–275, 2006

Anticline

Folding (DSP implementation)

10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00689.x

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Structural control on the alteration and fluid flow in the lithocap of the Allumiere-Tolfa epithermal system

Journal of Structural Geology (2023)

Barbara Belelli Marchesini Stefano Tavani Marco Mercuri Nicola Mondillo Mattia Pizzati

Zones of advanced argillic alteration with general low permeability (i.e., lithocaps) are common place in the shallow parts of porphyry and epithermal ore deposits and active geothermal systems. The study of structural control on alteration distributions is of paramount importance for exploitation purposes as it really influences the caprock efficiency. We present the results of a structural-mineralogical study carried out in the lithocap of the Allumiere-Tolfa epithermal system (Northern Apennines). We characterized the composition, textures and physical properties (i.e., in-situ permeability; relative rock strength) of alteration facies. We then integrated field structural analysis with analysis of a virtual outcrop model to reconstruct the geometry of principal fluid-corridors. It resulted that advanced argillic alteration was promoted by circulation of highly reactive fluid(s) along a complex network of NE- and NW-striking faults and fractures dissecting the acidic volcanic dome. Such structures likely developed in response to a local disturbance of the regional stress field due to the extrusion of the Tolfa dome, which controlled the syn-extensional mineralization of the Allumiere-Tolfa area.

Caprock

Outcrop

10.1016/j.jsg.2023.105035

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Citations (6)

Evolution of Fracture Patterns and Physical Properties of Rocks in the Chaudrons Ramp-related Anticline (Corbières, France). In R. Swennen, F. Roure and J.W. Granath eds, Deformation, fluid flow and reservoir appraisal in foreland and thrust belts

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2004)

Stefano Tavani Laurence Louis Christine Souque Philippe Robion Francesco Salvini

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Source

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Late-stage tectonic evolution of the Al-Hajar Mountains, Oman: new constraints from Palaeogene sedimentary units and low-temperature thermochronometry

Geological Magazine (2019)

Amerigo Corradetti Vincenzo Spina Stefano Tavani JC Ringenbach Monia Sabbatino

Abstract Mountain building in the Al-Hajar Mountains (NE Oman) occurred during two major shortening stages, related to the convergence between Africa–Arabia and Eurasia, separated by nearly 30 Ma of tectonic quiescence. Most of the shortening was accommodated during the Late Cretaceous, when northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean was followed by the ophiolites obduction on top of the former Mesozoic margin. This shortening event lasted until the latest Santonian – early Campanian. Maastrichtian to Eocene carbonates unconformably overlie the eroded nappes and seal the Cretaceous foredeep. These neo-autochthonous post-nappe sedimentary rocks were deformed, along with the underlying Cretaceous tectonic pile, during the second shortening event, itself including two main exhumation stages. In this study we combine remotely sensed structural data, seismic interpretation, field-based structural investigations and apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) cooling ages to obtain new insights into the Cenozoic deformation stage. Seismic interpretation indicates the occurrence of a late Eocene flexural basin, later deformed by an Oligocene thrusting event, during which the post-nappe succession and the underlying Cretaceous nappes of the internal foredeep were uplifted. This stage was followed by folding of the post-nappe succession during the Miocene. AHe data from detrital siliciclastic deposits in the frontal area of the mountain chain provide cooling ages spanning from 17.3 to 42 Ma, consistent with available data for the structural culminations of Oman. Our work points out how renewal of flexural subsidence in the foredeep and uplift of the mountain belt were coeval processes, followed by layer-parallel shortening preceding final fold amplification.

Obduction

Paleogene

10.1017/s0016756819001250

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Citations (21)

Control of pre-orogenic inherited faults on Alpine thrusting and fluid circulation: an example from transverse zones of the Central Southern Alps (Lombardy, Italy)

Andrea Fiorini Stefano Tavani Luca Aldega Stefano M. Bernasconi Luigi Dallai

Multiple rifting phases can strongly influence the structural architecture and stratigraphic evolution of a developing passive margin. Some stratigraphic intervals can be characterised by distinct changes in thickness, lithology and facies controlled by synsedimentary faults. These features profoundly modify and alter the classic “layer-cake” model. The Central Southern Alps, and the Lecco area in particular, are a first-class example of interaction between inherited and contractional structures (Gaetani & Jadoul, 1987). A Ladinian rifting phase caused the coexistence of both deep- and shallow-water successions of Middle Triassic age, as well as considerable changes in their thickness across the study area. During the Early Jurassic, another rifting phase caused the drowning of the Late Triassic to Hettangian carbonate platforms, leading to the formation of intra-basin structural highs and lows as well as extreme lateral thickness variations within the syn-rifting succession. The most striking evidence of the role of inherited structures during Alpine contraction are N-S trending transverse zones parallel to the main orogenic transport direction (Schönborn, 1992). During orogenic build-up, rift-related faults were passively transported along thrusts, preserving part of the post-rifting, pre-orogenic framework within the same tectonic unit or were reactivated as large displacement transfer faults separating tectonic sectors with different shortening. These transverse zones and the inherited, pre-orogenic structural architecture strongly influenced thrust development: lateral ramps, oblique thrusting, younger-on-older-relationships and lateral transfer of displacement occur throughout the entire study area. Geological mapping and structural analysis have been conducted to reconstruct kinematics and geometries of fault zones. Several geological cross-sections have been realized to constrain the fold-and-thrust belt geometry and reconstruct the structural evolution of Central Southern Alps. The complex pre- and syn-orogenic tectonic history of fault activity, particularly of the main thrusts and transverse zones, has been constrained from in-situ U-Pb dating of syn-tectonic carbonates. Inorganic thermal indicators were used to constrain the eroded overburden and the exhumation depth of the faulted succession. Another goal of our work is to reveal how fluid circulation may change from the high-angle dipping, inherited and misoriented transverse zones to the low-angle thrust faults, from the internal to the frontal sectors of the belt. C-O stable isotopes and clumped isotopes analyses on syn-tectonic carbonates collected along thrusts and transverse zones have been performed to assess fluid-host rock chemical and thermal (dis)equilibrium. We compare compressional mineralizations with those exposed in transverse zones where fluids might circulate in an open to semi-open system, with the ingress of cold (meteoric) and/or hot (deep) fluids.Gaetani, M., and F. Jadoul. "Controllo ancestrale sui principali lineamenti strutturali delle Prealpi lombarde centrali." Rendiconti della Società geologica italiana 10 (1987): 21-24.Schönborn, G. (1992b). Alpine tectonics and kinematic models of the central Southern Alps. Memorie di Scienze Geologiche, 44, 229–393.

Circulation (fluid dynamics)

10.5194/egusphere-alpshop2024-12

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A new crustal balanced cross-section through the Central Apennines (Italy)

Augusto Maresca Pablo Granado Josep Antón Muñoz Giänreto Manatschal Kei Ogata

The Apennines fold-and-thrust belt, forming part of the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary, developed due to the Neogene subduction of the Alpine Tethys underneath Europe and to the subsequent involvement of the Adria rifted margin into the collisional process. Since the Miocene, E-ward retreat of the slab caused extensional deformation to affect the thrust pile, which eventually led to the opening of the Tyrrhenian back-arc basin at the rear of the belt. Multiple schools of thought exist about the structural style of the Apennines, which propose irreconcilable models. The amount of shortening, the involvement of the crystalline basement, the architecture of the inherited rifted system and its degree of reactivation during convergence, and the role played by compressive inheritance during back-arc extension, are still highly debated.In this contribution we focus on the Central Apennines. We integrate publicly available geological maps, interpretation of vintage seismic sections, borehole data, recent seismicity studies, previously published surficial geological cross-sections, and the latest thermochronological insights to build a balanced cross-section across the inner portion of the belt. Our aim is to critically evaluate previous models and to better define its deeper part. Our results suggest a dominantly thin-skinned style, in which inherited Mesozoic extensional faults developed during Adria rifting have been partly reactivated during thrusting. The major thrusts of the area are characterized by large displacements, ranging between 10 and >20 km, and sole into a basal décollement located at the base of the post-Variscan sedimentary sequence. Post-thrusting back-arc extension is accommodated by faults that either displace the compressional décollement levels or reactivate them with opposite kinematics.

Décollement

Mountain formation

Basement

Anticline

10.5194/egusphere-egu23-267

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Exercise 6 of the book "Virtual outcrop models of geological structures"

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2023)

Stefano Tavani

Outcrop

10.5281/zenodo.10148925

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