Kiyoshi Suyehiro

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

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Masanao Shinohara

Association for the Development of Earthquake Prediction

T. Kanazawa

Association for the Development of Earthquake Prediction

Eiichiro Araki

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Naoshi Hirata

The University of Tokyo

Narumi Takahashi

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Hajime Shiobara

The University of Tokyo

Azusa Nishizawa

National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience

Shuichi Kodaira

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Ryota Hino

Tohoku University

Yoshiyuki Kaneda

Shikoku University

Cooperative Institutions

The University of Tokyo

136

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Association for the Development of Earthquake Prediction

Earthquake Engineering Research Institute

Kyoto University

Tohoku University

Hokkaido University

Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

Chiba University

Nagoya University

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Physical Implications from Cellular Automaton Model on Observed Changes of Frequency-Magnitude Relationship Before Large Earthquakes

Authorea (Authorea) (2023)

Kiyoshi Suyehiro S. I. Sacks P. A. Rydelek Deborah K. Smith Tetsuo Takanami

Suyehiro, Kiyoshi1,2, Sacks, I. Selwyn2, Rydelek, Paul 2, Smith, Deborah 2, and Takanami, Tetsuo21: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan2: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USAAbstract : A simple cellular automaton model with Coulomb’s failure criterion is used to explain observed seismicity changes before large earthquakes. Specifically, we try to explain the decrease of the b -value of the Gutenberg-Richter’s Law towards large earthquakes and the seismic quiescence of larger magnitude earthquakes recognized from a few years prior to large earthquakes. Model results show a gradual decrease of the b -value in time as the tectonic stress is increased. This seems to be an inherent feature of the model corresponding to the reordering of the stress distribution as earthquakes are generated in the model space. The magnitude dependent quiescence can be reproduced by strengthening, at some threshold level, only a small percentage of the cells that are loaded with higher stresses. In nature, such spatially heterogeneous strengthening of the crust may be created by the opening of micro-fractures, which acts to reduce the pore pressure as observed in the lab. Furthermore, we infer from observations of anomalies prior to large earthquakes at shorter time scale of ~days that these strengthened patches undergo selective weakening via fluid migration, which depends on both the spatial distribution of permeability and the location of fluid sources. Geologically mature faults are known to possess high permeability that is orders of magnitude greater than the surrounding rock, which may eventually become the main rupture zone of a major earthquake.

10.22541/essoar.167591123.36482965/v1

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Nature and growth rate of the Northern Izu–Bonin (Ogasawara) arc crust and their implications for continental crust formation

Island Arc (1998)

Asahiko Taira Saneatsu Saito Kan Aoike Sumito Morita Hidekazu Tokuyama

The bulk composition of the continental crust throughout geological history is thought by most previous workers to be andesitic. This assumption of an andesitic bulk composition led to an early hypothesis by Taylor (1967 ) that the continental crust was created by arc magmatism. This hypothesis for the origin of continental crust was challenged by several authors because: (i) the mean rate of arc crust addition obtained by Reymer and Schubert (1984 ) is too small to account for some certain phases of rapid crustal growth; and (ii) the bulk composition of ocean island arcs, the main contributor to the Archean and early Proterozoic crust, is basaltic rather than andesitic ( Arculus 1981 ; Pearce et al. 1992 ). New data from the Northern Izu–Bonin arc are presented here which support the Taylor (1967 ) hypothesis for the origin of the continental crust by andesitic arc magma. A geological interpretation of P wave crustal structure obtained from the Northern Izu–Bonin arc by Suyehiro et al. (1996 ) indicates that the arc crust has four distinctive lithologic layers: from top to bottom: (i) a 0.5–2‐km‐thick layer of basic to intermediate volcaniclastic, lava and hemipelagite (layer A); (ii) a 2–5‐km‐thick basic to intermediate volcaniclastics, lavas and intrusive layer (layer B); (iii) a 2–7‐km‐thick layer of felsic (tonalitic) rocks (layer C); and (iv) a 4–7‐km‐thick layer of mafic igneous rocks (layer D). The chemical composition of the upper and middle part of the northern Izu–Bonin arc is estimated to be similar to the average continental crust by Taylor and McLennan (1985 ). The rate of igneous addition of the Northern Izu–Bonin arc since its initial 45‐Ma magmatism was calculated as 80 km 3 /km per million years. This rate of addition is considered to be a reasonable estimate for all arcs in the western Pacific. Using this rate, the global rate of crustal growth is estimated to be 2.96 km 3 /year which exceeds the average rate of crustal growth since the formation of the Earth (1.76 km 3 /year). Based on this estimate of continental growth and the previously documented sediment subduction and tectonic erosion rate (1.8 km 3 /year, von Heune & Scholl 1991 ), several examples of growth curves of the continental crust are presented here. These growth curves suggest that at least 50% of the present volume of the continental crust can be explained by arc magmatism. This conclusion indicates that arc magmatism is the most important contributor to the formation of continental crust, especially at the upper crustal level.

Continental arc

Adakite

Island arc

Felsic

Lithology

10.1111/j.1440-1738.1998.00198.x

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Citations (125)

Seismic record of tectonic evolution and backarc rifting in the southern Ryukyu island arc system

Tectonophysics (1998)

Jin‐Oh Park Hidekazu Tokuyama Masanao Shinohara Kiyoshi Suyehiro Asahiko Taira

Forearc

Trough (economics)

Seafloor Spreading

Continental Margin

East African Rift

10.1016/s0040-1951(98)00150-4

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Citations (107)

Aftershock distribution of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake from ocean bottom seismographic observation

Earth Planets and Space (2006)

Eiichiro Araki Masanao Shinohara Koichiro Obana Tomoaki Yamada Yoshiyuki Kaneda

Abstract We deployed an OBS network in February–March 2005 in the rupture area of the Sumatra Andaman earthquake on 26 December 2004. We placed 17 short-term OBSs and two long-term OBSs, and recovered OBSs after observation for 19–22 days. The hypocenter distribution from 10-day data of 17 OBS revealed the detailed structure of aftershock seismicity offshore of Sumatra Island. Aftershock seismicity associated with the subducting slab starts 40 km inward from the Sunda trench axis; it ceases at 50 km depth beneath the Aceh Basin, approximately 240 km inward from the trench axis. Aftershocks in 120–170 km from the trench axis consist of a surface with a dip of 10–12° dominated by a dip-extension type mechanism. Beyond the southwestern edge of the Aceh Basin, the aftershock activity becomes higher, and dominated by dip-slip type earthquakes, with a slightly increased dipping angle of 15–20°. Three along-arc bands of shallow seismicity were identified at 70 km inward from the Sumatra trench, 110 km inward from the trench, and in the south of the Aceh Basin. These locations correspond to steep topographic slopes in the accretionary prism, suggesting the present evolutional activity of the accretionary prism offshore Sumatra Island.

Accretionary wedge

Hypocenter

10.1186/bf03353367

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Citations (62)

Lateral heterogeneity of the upper mantile velocity structure in the northern Philippine Sea Basin.

Journal of Physics of the Earth (1989)

Takashi Iidaka Kiyoshi Suyehiro Hajimu Kinoshita

10.4294/jpe1952.37.147

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Citations (4)

Seismicity along the Nankai trough seismogenic zone: results from micro-seismicity observations using ocean bottom seismographs

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2003)

Koichiro Obana Shuichi Kodaira K. Mochizuki Masanao Shinohara Kiyoshi Suyehiro

Seismometer

Ocean bottom

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Normal faulting of the Daiichi-Kashima Seamount in the Japan Trench revealed by the Kaiko I cruise, Leg 3

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (1987)

Kazuo Kobayashi Jean‐Paul Cadet Jean Aubouin Jacques Boulègue Jacques Dubois

Seamount

10.1016/0012-821x(87)90070-7

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Citations (74)

Seismological evidence on velocity structure inside the subducting Pacific Plate

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors (1989)

Takashi Iidaka Megumi Mizoue Kiyoshi Suyehiro

Pacific Plate

10.1016/0031-9201(89)90058-7

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Citations (5)

Micro‐tsunami from a local interplate earthquake detected by cabled offshore tsunami observation in northeastern Japan

Geophysical Research Letters (2001)

Ryota Hino Yuichiro Tanioka T. Kanazawa Shin’ichi Sakai M. Nishino

A micro tsunami from an interplate earthquake ( M w 6.1) was observed in 1998 on ocean bottom tsunami meters (OBTMs) deployed east off the northeastern Japan. The offshore tsunami data without complex distortions due to the coastal topography enable us to estimate reliable tsunami source parameters. The observed amplitude was about 1.5 cm at epicentral distance less than 100 km. We numerically computed the tsunami waveform by solving the linear Boussinesq equations. The observed tsunami waveforms are well explained by synthetic waveforms assuming the fault width of 10–15 km. The depth of the fault is estimated as 5–10 km below the seafloor, which is in good agreement with the location of the plate boundary defined by previous seismic studies.

Tsunami earthquake

Seafloor Spreading

Tsunami wave

10.1029/2001gl013297

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Citations (56)

P- and S-Receiver Function Analysis of Borehole Broadband Ocean Bottom Seismic Data

AGUFM (2008)

Prakash Kumar Hitoshi Kawakatsu Masanao Shinohara T. Kanazawa E. Araki

Ocean bottom

Receiver function

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