Andrijana Brozinčević

Šumava National Park

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Maja Vurnek

Šumava National Park

Andreja Sironić

Rudjer Boskovic Institute

Nada Horvatinčić

Rudjer Boskovic Institute

Jadranka Barešić

Rudjer Boskovic Institute

Sanja Kapelj

University of Zagreb

Ines Krajcar Bronić

Rudjer Boskovic Institute

Ivanka Lovrenčić Mikelić

Rudjer Boskovic Institute

Maja Radišić

University of Rijeka

Z̆eljko Kwokal

Rudjer Boskovic Institute

IŠ

Ivanka Špoljarić

Šumava National Park

Cooperative Institutions

Rudjer Boskovic Institute

University of Zagreb

University of Arizona

Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique

University of Rijeka

Museum of London Archaeology

University of Dubrovnik

Šumava National Park

Croatian Geological Survey

Opća Bolnica Varaždin

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Carbon isotope fractionation in karst aquatic mosses

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies (2020)

Andreja Sironić Antun Alegro Nada Horvatinčić Jadranka Barešić Andrijana Brozinčević

Radiocarbon activity (a14C) and 13C composition (δ13C) were measured in hygrophyte and mesophyte (land) mosses collected in the natural habitat of the Plitvice Lakes and along the Zrmanja and Krupa Rivers (typical continental and Mediterranean climates, respectively), Croatia. a14C and δ13C values of mosses, of atmospheric CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were compared with contemporary data and with data from 30 years ago at the Plitvice Lakes when 14C activity of atmospheric CO2 was ∼30% higher. A positive correlation between a14Cmoss and δ13Cmoss was observed for all data reflecting the change of carbon isotopic composition in DIC along the water flows and in atmospheric CO2 regardless of the climatic regions and historic period. Fraction of the atmospheric carbon in moss (ωatm.C) and carbon fractionation factor from aquatic CO2 (DIC) to moss tissue (εmoss/g−aq) were calculated for each individual moss. Three species of mosses had ωatm.C ∼ 0 % implying that they turn to anabiosis during dry periods. The relation εmoss/g−aqvs.ωatm.C differentiates true aquatic and amphiphyte mosses. The first had a statistically significant negative correlation between εmoss/g−aq and ωatm.C. The amphiphyte mosses had lower εmoss/g−aq with higher water flow rates.

Carbon fibers

Carbon-14

10.1080/10256016.2020.1852235

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Changes of the geochemical parameters in water of the Plitvice Lakes over the past 30 years

Andreja Sironić Jadranka Barešić Nada Horvatinčić Andrijana Brozinčević Maja Vurnek

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Changes in the geochemical parameters of karst lakes over the past three decades – The case of Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Applied Geochemistry (2016)

Andreja Sironić Jadranka Barešić Nada Horvatinčić Andrijana Brozinčević Maja Vurnek

Carbon sink

Sink (geography)

Biogeochemical Cycle

Carbonate minerals

Authigenic

Tufa

Saturation (graph theory)

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.11.013

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Influence of global temperature change in the geochemical processes in the Plitvice Lakes waters – a case study

European geosciences union general assembly (2016)

Andreja Sironić Jadranka Barešić Nada Horvatinčić Andrijana Brozinčević Maja Vurnek

One of the major reasons for the global air temperature increase, recorded as the highest in the last decade, is considered to be the increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. However, in calculation of the global carbon budget a certain unknown carbon sink is identified, and karst relief is considered to be an important candidate for it, as well as being a source of carbon. Aquatic systems on karst enable carbon exchange between karst and atmosphere, often through groundwater geochemical carbonate rock dissolution (carbon sink) and in form of secondary calcium carbonate precipitation (carbon source). Protected area of the Plitvice Lakes National Park, settled in the karst area of Croatia, was chosen as a case study of karst geochemical processes. The Lakes are also specific for its tufa precipitation in form of tufa barriers. Physical and chemical data of water collected on 8 locations (2 springs and 6 lakes) in the last 30 years were studied. The data records were not systematic for all 30 years, so first the seasonal periodicity of all data was assessed and temporal change was investigated in each calendar month, and then the change was studied by comparing two distinct periods: 1981-1986 and 2010-2014. On all selected locations we observed temporal increase of air and water temperature, Ca2+ and HCO3- concentrations, calcite saturation index (SIcalc) and of calcite dissolution ionic ratio (IRcalc, ) and a decrease in Mg/Ca ratio, though the intensity of this changes differ locally. No statistically significant change was observed for pH and CO2(aq) and Mg2+ concentrations. Discharge rates did not show significant change in the last 30 years ; however there is a change in their seasonal distribution and more extreme values were recorded in recent period. Comparison of mean monthly air and water temperature for two periods implies more influence of groundwater inflow at all locations in recent period, which is probably a result of seasonal change in water discharge rates. Significant increase in Ca2+ and HCO− 3 concentrations at lake locations were caused by their increase in springs. With Mg2+ concentration simultaneously being stagnant, this is an indication of stronger calcite than dolomite dissolution. One of the reasons for this could be increased air/soil temperature resulting in higher CO2 soil production primarily dissolving calcite. A temporal and spatial change in SIcalc and IRcalc values on surface waters were explained as being under influence of change in water temperature.

Tufa

Carbon sink

Sink (geography)

Carbon fibers

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Hydrological System of the Plitvice Lakes—Trends and Changes in Water Levels, Inflows, and Losses

Hydrology (2021)

Maja Radišić Josip Rubinić Igor Ružić Andrijana Brozinčević

The Plitvice Lakes National Park is inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. The lake system is composed of 16 cascading lakes of different sizes separated by tufa barriers, which are the park’s key phenomenon. The lakes are characterized by highly diverse trends of the characteristic hydrological indicators—mean annual water levels, discharges, and tufa barrier growth. The analyses carried out in this paper identified that in the period before the early 1990s, Kozjak Lake had a trend of decreasing discharges, together with a trend of increasing water levels and growing tufa barriers. In contrast to this, in the period after 2001, a trend of increasing discharges was recorded, as well as a trend of decreasing water levels and decreasing tufa barriers. A potential cause of the barriers decreasing in size were the extremely high discharges during the last decade, which resulted in increased erosion of the tufa barriers. Losses of water due to the sinking from the lake system as well as the upper Korana course were confirmed, and it was identified that during the analyzed period the losses had not changed significantly. It was determined that the losses of water from Kozjak Lake occurred during low-water periods; however, they depended not only on the quantity of water flowing through the lakes but also on the hydrological conditions underground. The analyses carried out and the methodological procedures used in the analyzed area of the Plitvice Lakes are useful examples for the performance of analyses at similar lakes in karst formed by tufa deposition processes.

Tufa

Deposition

10.3390/hydrology8040174

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C-isotope composition od freshwater submerged mosses as an indicator of carbon during photosynthesis

Andreja Sironić Nada Horvatinčić Jadranka Barešić Andrijana Brozinčević Maja Vurnek

Carbon isotopes compositions (a14C and δ13C) of freshwater submerged mosses and of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were measured in the karst region of Croatia - at the Plitvice Lakes and along the water path of the Zrmanja and Krupa rivers. The moss samples were identified and they all belong to the C3 type plants regarding the photosynthesis pathway. The carbon isotope composition of mosses was compared to that of DIC and of atmospheric CO2, i.e., carbon reservoirs from which mosses pull carbon for photosynthesis. The current measured values at the Plitvice Lakes region were compared to the values measured 30 years ago, when the a14C of the atmosphere was about 30 % higher than today (Srdoc et al. 1986 ; Marcenko et al. 1989). The share of atmospheric carbon to carbon from DIC incorporated in mosses (ωatm) was calculated. Most moss species had ωatm values between 0 % and 66 %. A good correlation found for δ13Cmoss vs. ωatm gives a potential of using fossil mosses found in inactive tufas in determination of age of tufa formation, which is important for reconstruction of rivers’ palaeoflow, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment. However, two species of mosses (Cinclidotus aquaticus and Ptychostomum pseudotriquetrum) had a14C values bellow the a14CDIC which implied that they incorporated carbon only from DIC, i.e. that they turned to anabiosis during dry periods. Therefore, these moss species can be used as an indicator of an average a14C of DIC which is used to determine the initial activity of secondary carbonates (tufa and lake sediments) at the sampling sites. Values of a14CDIC for grab samples can have fluctuations depending on the water levels and are therefore not as reliable as the a14C values of composite samples such as the anabiotic moss species. From ωatm and δ13Cmoss values, the 13C fractionation between DIC and organic tissue of a moss was calculated (eDIC-moss) and it ranged from -50 ‰ to -29 ‰ which was probably the result of moss adjustment to synthesize primarily atmospheric CO2. For comparison, the 13C fractionation between atmospheric CO2 and organic tissue of a C3 plant, eatm-plant is ~-20 ‰. Correlation of eDIC-moss vs. ωatm showed the following pattern: 1) true aquatic moss species fractionated more if they contained more atmospheric C, and 2) moss species growing on wet rock fractionated more when they grew in higher water flows. Acknowledgement The work was funded by the project HRZZ-IP-11- 2013-1623 Reconstruction of the Quaternary environment in Croatia using isotope methods (REQUENCRIM), Croatian Science Foundation, and the Project with the Plitvice Lakes National Park. We are thankful to D. Borkovic for assistance in statistical analyses. References: Marcenko E., Srdoc D., Golubic S., Pezdic J., Head M.J. (1989) Carbon uptake in aquatic plants deduced from their natural 13C and 14C content. Radiocarbon 31/3, 785-794. Srdoc D., Krajcar Bronic I., Horvatincic N., Obelic B. (1986) Increase of dissolved inorganic carbon along a river course. Radiocarbon 28/2A, 515-521.

Tufa

Total inorganic carbon

Carbon fibers

Carbon sink

Bryophyte

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Heavy metal contents in water, sediment and fish in a karst aquatic ecosystem of the Plitvice Lakes National Park (Croatia)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2013)

Petra Vukosav ⎜Marina Mlakar Neven Cukrov Željko Kwokal Ivanka Pižeta

10.1007/s11356-013-2377-3

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Citations (62)