The spacing of PVDs is an essential factor affecting the consolidation effect of vacuum preloading. For exploring the influence of spacing of PVDs on the impact of sludge drainage consolidation, FeCl3, a commonly used inorganic coagulant, was used to pretreat the sludge. In the experiment a vacuum filtration test was carried out to determine the optimal addition amount of FeCl3, and then the landfill sludge was pretreated according to the FeCl3 optimal addition amount. And two different spacing of PVDs were used to carry out a vacuum preloading contrast test. Then, the drainage and settlement were recorded, and water content and vane shear strength (VSS) were measured after the experiment. Finally, Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) was carried out to explore the pore characteristics of the sludge further. The main conclusions are as follows: After conditioning by FeCl3, the sludge's flocculent structure was destroyed, the intracellular water was released, and the effect of drainage capacity was significantly improved. After the spacing of PVDs is halved, the average volume reduction ratio and shear strength increases, and the effect of advanced dewatering and volume reduction of sludge improved significantly, leading to a better consolidation effect. In the progress of vacuum drainage consolidation, halving the spacing of PVDs results in large pores transformation into small pores, and the range of drainage consolidation is greatly expanded.
Abstract Same‐beam very long baseline interferometry observations were performed between the rover and the lander of Chang'E‐3 and differential phase delay data were obtained with the minimum random error of about 0.03 ps. These data were used to monitor the rover motions, as small as several centimeters, including movement, turning, and attitude adjustment. The relative position between the rover and the lander was precisely measured with an accuracy of 1 m, which is an improvement of 10 times compared with that of the Apollo project.
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