L. D. Brown

Cornell University

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S. Kaufman

Cornell University

Jack Oliver

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

S. L. Klemperer

Stanford University

D. A. Quiros

University of Cape Town

K. D. Nelson

Iowa State University

Doyeon Kim

Imperial College London

Eric Sandvol

University of Missouri

Wenjin Zhao

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Suzanne Mahlburg Kay

Cornell University

J. Mechie

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Cooperative Institutions

Cornell University

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

United States Geological Survey

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Pennsylvania State University

University of Cambridge

Stanford University

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Virginia Tech

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3D Seismic Reflection Imaging with Uncontrolled Sources using Large N Arrays

Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition (2019)

L. D. Brown Doyeon Kim D. A. Quiros

Reflection

Geophysical Imaging

10.1111/1755-6724.14141

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Citations (0)

From layer cake to complexity: 50 years of geophysical investigations of the Earth

Geological Society of America eBooks (2013)

L. D. Brown

Geophysical observations of earth structure, kinematics, and dynamics have served as a core driver in the development of our current understanding of how the Earth evolves. They have provided essential insights that inform our ability to mitigate its hazards and effectively utilize its critical resources. Since the 1960s, when geophysical measurements played a central role in establishing the plate tectonics paradigm, geophysical techniques have become an increasingly sophisticated mainstay in our scientific tool kit for addressing a wide range of scientific and societal needs. From detailing the complex structural and compositional heterogeneities of the Earth's lithosphere and mantle to monitoring the tectonic processes that shape the Earth's surface and deep interior, from finding and monitoring the extraction of critical natural resources that are increasingly rare to real time warning systems that can provide life-saving alerts of tsunami and seismic shaking, geophysics continues to play an increasingly important role in our lives. The myriad ways in which geophysics has revolutionized our understanding of our planet, from core to ionosphere, are too vast to properly represent in any single review. Presented here are selected highlights from the myriad geophysical investigations of the solid Earth over the past 50 years. In an attempt to set some defensible boundaries, and with some consideration for the patience of the reader, I made some relatively arbitrary choices on field boundaries. Gravity, for example, has seen a dramatic resurgence due in part to advances such as satellite gravimetry (e.g., GRACE [Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment]), but I chose to defer that to the realm of geodesy, along with GPS and InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar). Slow earthquakes and episodic slip and tremor are also clearly important new phenomena for geophysical study, but to my mind they are more appropriately considered as tectonic developments. However, I trust the selected examples provided are representative of the impressive past impact and the exceptional future promise of the field of geophysics as a whole.

Earth structure

10.1130/2013.2500(07)

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Citations (7)

Adirondack-Appalachian crustal structure: The COCORP Northeast Traverse

Geological Society of America Bulletin (1983)

L. D. Brown Clifford Ando S. L. Klemperer J. Oliver S. Kaufman

Research Article| October 01, 1983 Adirondack-Appalachian crustal structure: The COCORP Northeast Traverse L. BROWN; L. BROWN 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C. ANDO; C. ANDO 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. KLEMPERER; S. KLEMPERER 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. OLIVER; J. OLIVER 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. KAUFMAN; S. KAUFMAN 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar B. CZUCHRA; B. CZUCHRA 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar T. WALSH; T. WALSH 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar YNGVAR W. ISACHSEN YNGVAR W. ISACHSEN 2New York Geological Survey, New York State Museum and Science Service, Albany, New York 12234 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information L. BROWN 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 C. ANDO 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 S. KLEMPERER 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 J. OLIVER 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 S. KAUFMAN 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 B. CZUCHRA 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 T. WALSH 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 YNGVAR W. ISACHSEN 2New York Geological Survey, New York State Museum and Science Service, Albany, New York 12234 Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (1983) 94 (10): 1173–1184. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1173:ACSTCN>2.0.CO;2 Article history First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation L. BROWN, C. ANDO, S. KLEMPERER, J. OLIVER, S. KAUFMAN, B. CZUCHRA, T. WALSH, YNGVAR W. ISACHSEN; Adirondack-Appalachian crustal structure: The COCORP Northeast Traverse. GSA Bulletin 1983;; 94 (10): 1173–1184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1173:ACSTCN>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Reflection surveys from northeastern New York and central Vermont, the first elements of a COCORP seismic traverse of Grenville and Appalachian terranes in the northeastern United States, indicate that an unusual zone of layered reflections characterizes the lower crust beneath the eastern Adirondacks and that Grenville-age "basement" of the Green Mountains may actually be allochthonous, perhaps thrust over Paleozoic shelf rocks. The top of the Adirondack deep layered sequence is found at about 20 km beneath the Marcy meta-anorthosite massif. It appears to dip about 10° northwestward and wedge out against more horizontal reflections at about 28 km. This intracrustal sequence may correspond with a previously inferred increase in electrical conductivity. Possible interpretations range from its being a layered igneous complex to its representing a tectonically buried metasedimentary assemblage. Although graphitic schists and iron or sulfide segregations in such an assemblage might contribute to its electrical characteristics, the problematical issue of water in the lower crust—if and how it got there and remained—is again raised, if not resolved. Other intrabasement features include major east- and west-dipping reflections, possibly corresponding to faults; arched reflections that may represent folds; a well-defined lens-shaped zone virtually devoid of reflections; and possible Moho reflections. Unequivocal sub-Moho reflections are absent. Superimposed at shallower levels on the eastern part of the traverse are Appalachian structures. Reflections down to about 4.5 km beneath the Taconic Mountains are interpreted to represent Paleozoic shelf sediments of the Middlebury synclinorium underlying the Taconic allochthons. Possibly correlative, although less well defined, reflections appear to extend in disrupted fashion beneath the Precambrian rocks of the Green Mountains, suggesting a major basement overthrust. The inferred décollement for this overthrust steepens rapidly beneath the east flank of the Green Mountains. East-dipping reflections at the east side of the Green Mountains may represent another major thrust zone involving basement and overlying metasedimentary slices. The basement overthrusting suggested by this study is similar in certain respects to the style, if not the extent, of that demonstrated by previous COCORP surveys in the southern Appalachians. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Geological survey

10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1173:acstcn>2.0.co;2

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Citations (68)

Receiver-function imaging of the lithosphere at the Kunlun-Qaidam boundary, Northeast Tibet

Tectonophysics (2019)

M. S. Karplus S. L. Klemperer Wenjin Zhao R. Kind Zhenhan Wu

Receiver function

10.1016/j.tecto.2019.03.015

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Lithospheric Evolution of Gondwana East from Interdisciplinary Deep Surveys (LEGENDS)

Gondwana Research (2001)

L. D. Brown Alfred Kröner C.Mca. Powell Brian F. Windley Masaki Kanao

10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70386-5

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Citations (1)

Body wave imaging with interferometry of aftershock sources

Doyeon Kim L. D. Brown D. A. Quiros

Summary Application of interferometry to recording of ambient "noise" (microseisms) has proven widely successful in recovering surface wave information for imaging crustal velocity structures. While the theoretical foundations of recovering body waves with seismic interferometry are well established, such recovery has proven to be challenging in practice. In this study we investigate the geometries favorable to body wave imaging by common reflection point stacking of virtual shot gathers computed by applying interferometry to subsurface aftershock sources. We test these methods using high spatial density recordings collected after the Mw= 5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake of 2011. The approach described here represents a promising new means of body wave imaging of 3D structure that can be applied to a wide array of geologic and energy problems that involved natural or induced seismic clusters.

10.1190/segam2015-5931020.1

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Comment and Reply on ‘Thin-skinned tectonics in the crystalline southern Appalachians; COCORP seismic-reflection profiling of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont’

Geology (1980)

Frederick A. Cook D. S. Albaugh L. D. Brown S. Kaufman Jack Oliver

Research Article| September 01, 1980 Comment and Reply on ‘Thin-skinned tectonics in the crystalline southern Appalachians; COCORP seismic-reflection profiling of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont’: REPLY F. A. Cook; F. A. Cook 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D. S. Albaugh; D. S. Albaugh 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar L. D. Brown; L. D. Brown 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S. Kaufman; S. Kaufman 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. E. Oliver; J. E. Oliver 1Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R. D. Hatcher, Jr. R. D. Hatcher, Jr. 2Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (1980) 8 (9): 403–404. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<403:CAROTT>2.0.CO;2 Article history first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation F. A. Cook, D. S. Albaugh, L. D. Brown, S. Kaufman, J. E. Oliver, R. D. Hatcher; Comment and Reply on ‘Thin-skinned tectonics in the crystalline southern Appalachians; COCORP seismic-reflection profiling of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont’: REPLY. Geology 1980;; 8 (9): 403–404. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<403:CAROTT>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract No Abstract Available. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

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10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<403:carott>2.0.co;2

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Citations (3)

Extraction and Analysis of Seismic Body Waves from Ambient Noise for Crustal Imaging on Montserrat, with Implications for Temporal Monitoring

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2009)

L. D. Brown Kensuke Irie B. Voight

Ambient noise level

Seismic Noise

Source

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Nature of the eastern boundary of the Rio Grande rift from COCORP surveys in the Albuquerque basin, New Mexico

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (1986)

B. de Voogd L. D. Brown Carlene Merey

Reprocessing and synthetic seismic modeling of COCORP profiles across the eastern margin of the Rio Grande rift at Abo Pass, New Mexico, suggest that synthetic and antithetic Cenozoic normal faults sole into or are truncated by a northwest dipping listric master fault which bounds the eastern side of the basin and reaches a depth of at least 10 km beneath the southern Albuquerque basin. This fault appears to project toward the surface position of the Los Pinos Cenozoic normal fault, which lies basinward of and trends parallel to a mapped Laramide duplex thrust zone. The Los Pinos fault may sole into the older thrust, reactivating this preexisting compressional structure at depth. A lateral change in reflection amplitude and frequency is conspicuous across the eastern rift margin. Analysis demonstrates that source coupling is the main cause of a much deteriorated signal below the rift basin, although complex ray paths and attenuation by the graben fill may contribute.

Normal fault

Half-graben

Thrust fault

Echelon formation

10.1029/jb091ib06p06305

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Citations (25)

Crustal structure of the Himalayan orogen at ∼90° east longitude from Project INDEPTH deep reflection profiles

Tectonics (1998)

M. Hauck K. D. Nelson L. D. Brown Wenjin Zhao A. R. Ross

International Deep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya (INDEPTH) deep seismic reflection profiles show that the Indian lithosphere is underthrusting the central Himalaya along a gently north dipping decollement that is traceable northward beneath the Tethyan belt to ∼28.6°N and to a depth of about 45 km. The decollement carries in its hanging wall a near‐crustal‐thickness slice of internally deformed Indian continental basement and cover represented in outcrop by the Greater Himalayan belt and structurally overlying Tethyan belt. Geometric relationships suggest that the decollement probably ramps downward beneath the northern Tethyan belt to near the base of the crust and that the hanging wall crustal slice was detached from Indian mantle lithosphere that presently underlies southern Tibet to the north. The North Himalayan anticlinorium (Kangmar dome) appears to be a large duplex ramp anticline in the hanging wall of the decollement. The South Tibetan Detachment appears to have been imaged in two areas. In the Wagye La area it appears to follow the Tethyan belt/Greater Himalayan belt contact northward in the subsurface and to have been folded over the Kangmar dome. In the Zherger La area it appears to have been active relatively recently as a ∼30° north dipping normal fault that cuts deeply into the Greater Himalayan belt allochthon. Palinspastic reconstruction indicates a minimum of about 326 km of shortening of the Indian basement across the Himalaya since the initiation of the Main Central Thrust. Hence Indian continental lithosphere, largely stripped of its overlying crust, can extend northward beneath the Tibetan plateau to at least 32°N, where earthquake seismological observations show that the properties of the upper mantle change markedly [e.g., McNamara et al ., 1995]. Taken together, the seismic reflection and earthquake seismological observations lend support for the view that the Indian mantle lid mechanically underplates roughly the southern half of the Tibetan plateau. The INDEPTH reflection data do not show that Indian crust attached to this lithosphere extends north of southernmost Tibet (Kangmar dome), nor do they negate this possibility. Similarly, the reflection data do not yield direct evidence for or against lower‐crustal subduction beneath the Himalaya.

Décollement

Anticline

Allochthon

Basement

Thrust fault

Outcrop

10.1029/98tc01314

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Citations (328)