Andrea Sembroni

Roma Tre University

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Claudio Faccenna

Roma Tre University

Paola Molin

Roma Tre University

T. W. Becker

The University of Texas at Austin

Francesca Funiciello

Roma Tre University

Bekele Abebe

Addis Ababa University

Riccardo Lanari

Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources

F. Dramis

Roma Tre University

Riccardo Reitano

Roma Tre University

Pietro Sternai

University of Milano-Bicocca

ÁK

Ágnés Király

University of Oslo

Cooperative Institutions

Roma Tre University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

National Research Council

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Sapienza University of Rome

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Mekelle University

Aix-Marseille Université

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The Role of Upper Mantle Forces in Post‐Subduction Tectonics: Plumelet and Active Rifting in the East Anatolian Plateau

Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (2024)

Ebru Şengül Uluocak R. N. Pysklywec Andrea Sembroni Sascha Brune Claudio Faccenna

Abstract The spatiotemporal interaction of large‐ and regional‐scale upper mantle forces can prevail in collisional settings. To better understand the role of these forces on post‐subduction tectonics, we focus on mantle dynamics in the East Anatolian Plateau, a well‐documented segment of the Arabian‐Eurasian continental collision zone. Specifically, we analyze multiple forces in the upper mantle, which have not been considered in previous studies in this region. To this end, we use a state‐of‐the‐art 3D instantaneous geodynamic model to quantify the dynamics of thermally defined upper mantle structures derived from seismic tomography data. Results reveal a prominent SW‐NE‐oriented mantle flow from the Arabian foreland to the Greater Caucasus–a plumelet–through a lithospheric channel under the East Anatolian Plateau. This plumelet induces localized dynamic topography (∼500 m) around the extensional Lake Van province, favoring NE‐directed compression and westward escape of the Anatolian plate. We suggest that the Lake Van region is an active magma‐rich intraplate rift in the Africa‐Arabia‐Anatolian plume‐rift system. The rift zone was probably initiated by Neotethyan subduction‐related forces and has been reactivated and/or sustained by the plumelet‐induced convective support. Our findings are consistent with numerous observations, including the recent low‐ultralow seismic velocities with a SW‐NE splitting anisotropy pattern, geochemical and petrological studies, and local kinematics showing upper mantle‐induced extensional tectonics in the collisional region.

10.1029/2024gc011639

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Role of dynamic topography in sustaining the Nile River over 30 million years

Nature Geoscience (2019)

Claudio Faccenna P. Glišović A. M. Forte T. W. Becker Eduardo Garzanti

Ocean surface topography

Nile delta

10.1038/s41561-019-0472-x

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Citations (78)

Corrigendum to “The uplift of the East Africa – Arabia swell” [Earth Science Review, 257 (2024), 104901]

Earth-Science Reviews (2024)

Andrea Sembroni Claudio Faccenna T. W. Becker Paola Molin

Swell

10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104931

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The interaction between geomorphology and man: The case of the Fars arc (southern Iran)

Earth-Science Reviews (2024)

Andrea Sembroni Pierfrancesco Callieri Alireza Askari Chaverdi

To settle in a given area, man has to deal with the surrounding environment and the geomorphological processes that shaped it. Landscape defines the available resources and landscape changes are related to tectonics, hydrography and variations in climate and biota. To cope with environmental limitations, man developed efficient techniques and capabilities to survive, making the best use of natural resources. The Fars arc (southern Iran) is known for being the cradle of some of the earliest civilizations in Iran. It comprehends the southeastern sector of the Zagros Mountains, a Cenozoic orogen formed after the collision between Arabia and central Iran. The landscape is dominated by a series of plicative structures which isolate internal basins. This configuration, together with arid climate conditions, limited biological resources, and the occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, water salinity, biological/climatic changes and droughts, all dictated the development and pattern of human settlements. This paper aims to give a broad overview on the deep influence exerted by geomorphological processes, such as tectonics, earthquakes, landslides, sea level fluctuations, and climate changes, on the emergence and development of human settlements in the Fars arc which, with its long-lasting and documented civilization history, represents an ideal test site to study the interaction between nature and man.

Human settlement

Biota

10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104760

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Geology of the Tekeze River basin (Northern Ethiopia)

Journal of Maps (2017)

Andrea Sembroni Paola Molin F. Dramis Bekele Abebe

We present a geologic map of the Tekeze River basin that covers an area of ∼69,000 km2 of northern Ethiopia. The map synthesizes new data collected in two campaigns between March, 2012 and January, 2013 and compiled at a scale of 1:500,000 with published geologic surveys. The map focuses on the main geologic and tectonic features relevant to a modern interpretation of the geologic evolution of northern Ethiopia and as such, it represents an important synthesis for environmental and natural resource management.

Geologic map

10.1080/17445647.2017.1351907

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Citations (24)

Control of Pre‐rift Lithospheric Structure on the Architecture and Evolution of Continental Rifts: Insights From the Main Ethiopian Rift, East Africa

Tectonics (2018)

Giacomo Corti Paola Molin Andrea Sembroni I. D. Bastow Derek Keir

Abstract We investigate the along‐axis variations in architecture, segmentation, and evolution of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), East Africa, and relate these characteristics to the regional geology, lithospheric structure, and surface processes. We first illustrate significant along‐axis variations in basin architecture through analysis of simplified geological cross sections in different rift sectors. We then integrate this information with a new analysis of Ethiopian topography and hydrography to illustrate how rift architecture (basin symmetry/asymmetry) is reflected in the margin topography and has been likely amplified by a positive feedback between tectonics (flexural uplift) and surface processes (fluvial erosion and unloading). This analysis shows that ~70% of the 500 km long MER is asymmetric, with most of the asymmetric rift sectors being characterized by a master fault system on the eastern margin. We finally relate rift architecture and segmentation to the regional geology and geophysical constraints on the lithosphere. We provide strong evidence that rift architecture is controlled by the contrasting nature of the lithosphere beneath the homogeneous, strong Somalian Plateau and the weaker, more heterogeneous Ethiopian Plateau, differences originating from the presence of pre‐rift zones of weakness on the Ethiopian Plateau and likely amplified by surface processes. The data provided by this integrated analysis suggest that asymmetric rifts may directly progress to focused axial tectonic‐magmatic activity, without transitioning into a symmetric rifting stage. These observations have important implications for the asymmetry of continental rifts and conjugate passive margins worldwide.

East African Rift

Passive margin

Half-graben

10.1002/2017tc004799

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Citations (61)

The (un)balance between tectonic and erosion in analog accretionary wedges

Riccardo Reitano Claudio Faccenna Francesca Funiciello Fabio Corbi Pietro Sternai

<p>In convergent systems, tectonics, erosion, and sedimentation control orogenic evolution. The nature of the interaction between these factors is still to be unraveled, because of their complex feedback that goes through different time and spatial scales. Here, we try to bind tectonics, erosion, and sedimentation by running laboratory-scale coupled analog models of landscape evolution, in which both tectonic forcing and surface processes are modeled, trying to unravel the nature of these multiple-interrelated processes. The analog apparatus consists of a rectangular box filled with a water-saturated granular material. The deformation is imposed by the movement of a rigid piston (backstop), while surface processes are triggered by simulated rainfall and runoff. We systematically vary the convergence velocity and the rainfall rate, testing how different boundary conditions affect the balance between tectonics and surface processes and the onset of steady-state configurations. We measure the competition between input fluxes (tectonics) and output fluxes (erosion) of material. The results show how analog models never achieve a steady-state configuration in which tectonic rates are perfectly balanced by erosion rates. Tectonics add more material to the accretionary wedge than is removed by erosion (about 2-5 times more). Still, erosional fluxes seem to reach an equilibrium with the applied tectonic flux. The foreland is always overfilled with sediments, and we argued how the storage of sediments in front of a wedge can strongly divert the orogenic system from the &#8220;classical&#8221; steady state configuration. This work analyzes which are the main differences between analog and theoretical models and if/how the results coming from analog models can be exportable when interpreting natural landscape morphologies and force balance.</p>

Wedge (geometry)

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16009

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Tectonically driven drainage reorganization in the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

Geomorphology (2021)

Gaia Siravo Paola Molin Andrea Sembroni Maria Giuditta Fellin Claudio Faccenna

Anticline

Landform

Massif

Outcrop

10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107847