Liam D. Peterson

University of Maryland, College Park

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Megan Newcombe

University of Maryland, College Park

Sune G. Nielsen

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Jianhua Wang

Carnegie Institution for Science

C. M. O'd. Alexander

Carnegie Institution for Science

David V. Bekaert

Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques

Adam R. Sarafian

Corning (United States)

R. Alex Steiner

Michigan State University

A. J. Irving

University of Washington

Frieder Klein

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Tyrone O. Rooney

Michigan State University

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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

The Open University

Michigan State University

Carnegie Institution for Science

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Tulane University

Northern Illinois University

University of Maryland, College Park

Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques

Université de Lorraine

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Initial Cenozoic magmatic activity in East Africa: new geochemical constraints on magma distribution within the Eocene continental flood basalt province

Geological Society London Special Publications (2021)

R. Alex Steiner Tyrone O. Rooney Guillaume Girard Nick Rogers C. J. Ebinger

Abstract The initial interaction between material rising from the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province and the African lithosphere manifests as the Eocene continental large igneous province (LIP), centred on southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Here we present a geographically well-distributed geochemical dataset comprising flood basalt lavas of the Eocene continental LIP to refine the regional volcano-stratigraphy into three distinct magmatic units: (1) the highly alkaline small-volume Akobo Basalt (49.4–46.6 Ma), representing the initial phase of flood basalt volcanism derived from the melting of lithospheric–mantle metasomes; (2) the primitive and spatially restricted Amaro Basalt (45.2–39.8 Ma), representing the early main phase of flood basalt volcanism derived from the melting of the upwelling thermochemical anomaly; and (3) the spatially extensive Gamo–Makonnen magmatic unit (38–28 Ma), representing the mature main phase of flood basalt volcanism that has undergone significant processing within the lithosphere and resulted in relatively homogeneous compositions. The focused intrusion of these main phase magmas over 10 myr preconditioned the African lithosphere for the localization of strain during subsequent episodes of lithospheric stretching. The focusing of strain into the region occupied by this continental LIP may have contributed to the initial extension in SW Ethiopia that is associated with the East African Rift.

Flood basalt

10.1144/sp518-2020-262

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Citations (16)

Reunion hotspot activitity through tertiary time: Initial results from the ocean drilling program, leg 115

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (1989)

Robert A. Duncan Jan Backman Liam D. Peterson The Shipboard Scientific Party

Hotspot (geology)

Flood basalt

Deccan Traps

10.1016/0377-0273(89)90013-9

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