Se describe la estructura intema del basamento precambrico de la sierra Laguna Blanca, que representauna franja aislada de bajo metamorfismo dentro de un ambiente con un metamorfismo mucho mayor. Enelfaldeo occidental fue descubieria una espesa secuencia de Terciario continental. La tectonica regional andina de estesector de la Puna Oriental esta dada por grandes corrimientos que han acercado y apilado laminas de basamento,de distinta composicion litologica, que originalmente deben haber estado a distancias mucho mayores.
4 paginas. Resumen de la comunicacion presentada en XII Congreso Geologico Chileno (Santiago de Chile, 22-26 noviembre 2009)Este Congreso cuenta con el patrocinio de la Sociedad Geologica de Chile.
Fil: Payrola Bosio, Patricio Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina
A model postulating that the differences in the volcanic evolution between North and South Puna are related to strong variations of the orogenic front development in the foreland is presented. Subandean Belt -Northern part-, Santa Barbara System -Central part- and Pampean Ranges -Southern part- show different tectonic behaviors due to the mechanic nature of their pre-Andean basement. A thin-skin fault-fold belt developed in the Subandean Belt is a consequence of the presence of a thick Paleozoic sedimentary cover. Thrust progressive migration toward east implicated the displacement of inner orogenic parts on low detachment levels, which sealed magmatic chambers. So, volcanic activity finished or suddenly decreased when the fault-fold belt began to develop in the foreland. On the other hand, mechanic anisotropies of the pre-Andean basement in the Santa Barbara System and Pampean Ranges controlled and stopped the migration of the orogenic wedge toward the foreland, therefore deformation increased in the inner part of the orogen. Tectonic stacking and the consequent elevation of the back zone of the orogenic wedge would have generated an extensional field for equilibrating the wedge geometry. Normal faults are widespread at South Puna and were the conduits by which big ignimbritic deposits have been extruded at 4 Ma (Laguna Amarga) and 2 Ma (Galan) from medium crust levels and also basalts of less than 1 Ma from upper mantle.
The coincidence of late Paleogene to Neogene shortening and crustal thickening with vigorous volcanic activity in the central Andes has long invited speculation about a causal relationship between magmatism and deformation. In aid of understanding this and related issues, we present here a new compilation of radiometric ages, geographic location and dominant rock type for about 1450 Cenozoic volcanic and subvolcanic centers in the southcentral Andes (14–28° S). This paper describes variations in the timespace distribution of volcanism from 65 to 0 Ma, with emphasis on the post-30 Ma period where Andean-style shortening deformation and volcanism were most intense. The central Andes are unusual for the abundance of felsic ignimbrites and their distribution is shown separately from the intermediate to mafic volcanic centers which are here termed the "arc association". Overall, the time-space patterns of volcanic activity for the ignimbrite and the arc association are similar but ignimbrite distribution is more patchy and more closely associated spatially with the plateau region. The distribution of volcanic activity as a function of longitude and age, as well as cumulative frequency curves of volcanic centers as a function of age reveal major differences in arc productivity, i.e., number vs. age of volcanic centers, from north to south along the arc. Eocene and early-mid Oligocene activity was confined to a narrow belt in the Precordillera. Post-30 Ma activity was shifted to the east and spread over a much broader area than earlier arcs, probably due to a shallower subduction angle. This phase of volcanism began at about the same time from north to south (ca. 25 Ma) but the peak activity shifted progressively southward with time. Cumulative frequency curves demonstrate that 50% of volcanic output north of 20° S accumulated by 16 Ma, whereas this level was reached for 20–23°, 23–26° and 26–28° S segments at about 12, 10 and 8 Ma, respectively. Plate reconstructions place the subducted part of the Juan Fernández Ridge beneath the arc at these latitudes between about 25 and 5 Ma, but age-frequency diagrams of volcanism show no evidence that ridge subduction influenced arc productivity. The spatial distribution of volcanism shows some influence by crustal structures on a local scale (tens of km), most notably the preferential clustering of volcanic centers at intersections of the frontal arc with NW-SE-trending lineament zones. However, on a regional scale the time-space distribution of volcanic centers and the distribution of active shortening domains in the central Andes varied independently. The evidence does not support the concept that Andean crustal thickening and plateau formation were preconditioned by thermal weakening of the crust. A comparison of volcanic output vs. shortening rates for latitude 19–22° S confirms that the onset of intense deformation in the Oligocene preceded that of volcanism by about 10 Ma, and the increase in volcanic activity at about 20–16 Ma has no expression in shortening rates. After plateau formation, however, beginning at about 10 Ma, both shortening rate and volcanic output increased together and reached their highest levels. This period experienced extremely large-volume ignimbrite eruptions from the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex. The ignimbrite magmas represent an episode of widespread crustal melting, and it is likely that the rise in shortening rates reflects meltenhanced weakening of the crust. Variations in the location and width of the CVZ arc respond to changes in slab dip, but the complex distribution of volcanic centers in time and space shown in this study belies a simple relationship. A condition that must be met for correlation between surface volcanism and slab dip is a near-vertical ascent of magmas, both in the mantle wedge and through the crust. We conclude that in the Neogene arc of the central Andes, vertical ascent of magmas is disturbed by effects of crustal heterogeneity, intense deformation, lithospheric thickening and partial delamination, and crustal melting.
El batolito de Tastil, situado en Salta (noroeste de Argentina), esta emplazado en la Formacion Puncoviscana, de edad neoproterozoica a eopaleozoica. Actualmente se admite que este batolito esta formado por granodioritas grises y por granitos rojos, y que esta cubierto discordantemente por areniscas eopaleozoicas del Grupo Meson. La realizacion de una cartografia detallada y nuevas observaciones de campo demuestran que el batolito contiene ademas dacitas y monzodioritas, y que el contacto entre los granitos rojos y el Grupo Meson es de naturaleza intrusiva y no una discordancia. De mas antigua a mas reciente, la secuencia de episodios magmaticos es la siguiente: granitos grises/dacitas, granitos rojos y monzodioritas. Las monzodioritas son una manifestacion del magmatismo terciario de los Andes, por correlacion con las monzodioritas del Nevado de Acay. La presencia de clastos de granitos rojos en conglomerados tremadocienses proporciona una edad cambrica minima para los granitos rojos, y edades mayores para el Grupo Meson, los granitos grises y las dacitas. La edad radiometrica (U-Pb en circones) de 526±2 Ma obtenida en una dacita, avala lo anterior. La suite granitica del batolito de Tastil debe relacionarse, por lo tanto, con estadios iniciales de la tectonica extensional que dio lugar al desarrollo de las cuencas eopaleozoicas, en vez de con la evolucion neoproterozoica del basamento andino, como se venia considerando hasta ahora.