Research Article| August 01, 1997 Cooling of an igneous dike 20 yr after intrusion C. B. Connor; C. B. Connor 1Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar P. C. Lichtner; P. C. Lichtner 1Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar F. M. Conway; F. M. Conway 1Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar B. E. Hill; B. E. Hill 1Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78238 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A. A. Ovsyannikov; A. A. Ovsyannikov 2Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar I. Federchenko; I. Federchenko 2Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Yu. Doubik; Yu. Doubik 2Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar V. N. Shapar; V. N. Shapar 2Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Russia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Yu. A. Taran Yu. A. Taran 3Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México D.F., México Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (1997) 25 (8): 711–714. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0711:COAIDY>2.3.CO;2 Article history first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation C. B. Connor, P. C. Lichtner, F. M. Conway, B. E. Hill, A. A. Ovsyannikov, I. Federchenko, Yu. Doubik, V. N. Shapar, Yu. A. Taran; Cooling of an igneous dike 20 yr after intrusion. Geology 1997;; 25 (8): 711–714. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0711:COAIDY>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract The 1975 Tolbachik, Kamchatka, Russia, eruption resulted in the formation of three basaltic cinder cones. During this eruption, shallow dike injection into a nearby cinder cone, Cone 1004, caused deformation and slumping of the cone. In 1995, temperatures at 2 m depth, electromagnetic anomalies, and geologic units were mapped on the slump block. These data reveal details about the cooling rates of a shallow dike in the slump block, including (1) measured temperatures as much as 475 °C, (2) temperatures greater than 200 °C along a 160-m-long and 30-m-wide zone that trends oblique to bedding, (3) a low resistivity zone at 80 m depth that may delimit a larger intrusion beneath the shallow dike, (4) a dry zone extending 15–20 m from the axis of the thermal anomaly, and (5) a condensation zone beyond this dry-out zone, characterized by steaming ground and high convective heat flux. Analytic models indicate that the surprisingly high temperatures persist because of the low thermal diffusivity of the scoria into which the dike is injected, a direct result of the scoria's high porosity. Two-phase nonisothermal flow models suggest that the observed patterns of dry-out and condensation are expected for small volume fractions of water in the scoria (≤10%). Thus, field observations from Tolbachik provide a graphic example of the roles of rock thermophysical properties and water in the unsaturated zone on rates of dike cooling. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
A study made on the geochemistry of gaseous products for the Tolbachik basaltic eruption in Kamchatka (1975–1976) has shown that magmatic gases, submicron ash, and aerosols are enriched in chalcophile elements. Active volcanism represents one of the main sources. The annual input of chalcophile elements from the volcanoes of the world to the atmosphere is found to be in agreement with the amounts brought into the oceans by the water‐soluble component of the river runoff.
Active volcanoes of Nicaragua, including Momotombo volcano, were monitored in 1982–1985 to determine volcanic hazard and to establish criteria for prediction of eruptions. In 1982 the chemical composition and isotopic ratios of fumarolic gases were found to depend on temperature. In the products of fumarolic activity the materials of crustal origin are of great significance. Sharp variations in the gas composition depending on exogenic factors were noted in 1983; the H 2 S/SO 2 ratio was influenced the least. The temperature of fumarolic gases at Momotombo gradually increased from 740°C in 1974 to 895°C in 1984. During the same period the contents of H 2 S, SO 2 , CO, and H 2 and the values of S/Cl, S/C, H 2 S/SO 2 , H 2 /H 2 O, and CO/CO 2 ratios have risen, and the isotope ratios of hydrogen, sulfur, and especially carbon have changed. Future work in the crater of Momotombo will show whether the changes in the temperature and composition of the fumarolic gases are the precursors to a forthcoming eruption.