Karin Kemper

World Bank

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Stephen Foster

University College London

Albert Tuinhof

KWR Water Research Institute

Héctor Garduño

University of Pecs

Rosa Maria Formiga‐Johnsson

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Luiz Amore

Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares

Eduardo Mestre

Phoebe Koundouri

Athens University of Economics and Business

Kikkeri Ramu

Global VetPathology

Marccella Nanni

Koundourim Phoebe

Cooperative Institutions

National Water Agency

International Water Association

Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares

Technische Universität Berlin

Athens University of Economics and Business

Technical University of Denmark

Athena Research and Innovation Center In Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies

Global Development Network

European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists

Climate Centre

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Brazil: Alto Tietê Basin

Springer eBooks (2007)

Rosa Maria Formiga‐Johnsson Karin Kemper

10.1007/978-3-540-28355-3_5

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Brazil: Jaguaribe Basin

Springer eBooks (2007)

Rosa Maria Formiga‐Johnsson Karin Kemper

10.1007/978-3-540-28355-3_6

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Management of the Guarani Aquifer System

Water International (2003)

Karin Kemper Eduardo Mestre Luiz Amore

Abstract With an extension of 1.2 million square kilometers, the Guarani Aquifer System is one of the largest transboundary groundwater systems in the world. It underlies parts of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay and was only relatively recently recognized as a transboundary resource. The four countries are now in the process of starting up a project to elaborate and implement a common institutional and technical framework for managing and preserving the Guarani Aquifer System for current and future generations. This paper briefly presents the Guarani Aquifer System Project. The preparation process is described due to its particular interest for other similar multi-country endeavors. Following the presentation of the project, the paper takes a forward-looking approach and analyzes the applicability of current international law for transboundary groundwater resources in the context of the Guarani Aquifer System. It concludes that while the basic principles espoused by international law relating to transboundary groundwater resources management are valid, they do not provide very specific guidance. The Guarani Aquifer System is unique and its complex features make it an eclectic case, which already is obliging all stakeholders to work out innovative measures—in the legal, institutional, technical, scientific, social, and economic realms—to develop appropriate activities for its sustainable management. Keywords: GroundwatertransboundaryinstitutionallegalGuarani Aquifer System

10.1080/02508060308691684

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Groundwater resource development in minor aquifers : management strategy for village and small town water supply

Stephen Foster Marccella Nanni Albert Tuinhof Karin Kemper Héctor Garduño

This briefing note deals primarily with issues affecting initial development, and subsequent expansion of groundwater supplies, in areas underlain by minor aquifers, whose yield to water wells is both more limited, and less predictable. It specifies general characteristics, and main differences between water supply provision at village, and small-town level, suggesting several concerns about groundwater quality that should be addressed, notably, elevated concentrations of trace elements in groundwater, to levels well above the WHO drinking water guidelines, with long-term health implications for water consumers. This was the consequence of the mineralogical character of some aquifers, and their sluggish groundwater flow, and only partial flushing. Moreover, troublesome concentrations of fluoride (F) also called for attention, followed by a severe arsenic (As) contamination in some locations. But the potential presence of manganese (Mn) and other trace elements also has to be considered in aquifer types.

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Natural groundwater quality hazards : avoiding problems and formulating mitigation strategies

Stephen Foster Héctor Garduño Albert Tuinhof Phoebe Koundouri Marcella Nannin

The note questions how can potable, groundwater be affected by natural quality hazards, and discusses elements such as trace elements that can sometimes make it unfit of unacceptable for consumption, and other elements of increasing concern may merit investigation under certain conditions, stipulating it is important for management purposes to differentiate anthropogenic impacts, from naturally-occurring problems; this will require investment in detailed groundwater investigation and monitoring. The philosophy of the 'UN Water Supply & Sanitation Decade (1980s) was that hygiene-related diseases (associated with inadequate water washing) were of equal or greater importance than waterborne diseases, and thus the priorities were: a) ready access to a reliable water source in quantity terms; b) improved microbiological quality of supply, but not necessarily to the zero 'fecal coliform standard'. In contrast, inorganic quality was not given much consideration, unless taste or color (as a result of excessive MgSO4, NaCl or soluble Fe) would lead to social rejection of the improved source. The note further discusses how much is known about the origin and occurrence of natural quality hazards, and, provides pointers on what should be the immediate strategy to minimize negative impacts. Finally, the note suggests an approach to mitigating groundwater quality problems in the longer-term.

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Groundwater?from development to management

Hydrogeology Journal (2004)

Karin Kemper

10.1007/s10040-003-0305-1

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Indonesia: Brantas Basin

Springer eBooks (2007)

Anjali Bhat Kikkeri Ramu Karin Kemper

10.1007/978-3-540-28355-3_9

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Utilizacion de agua subterranea no renovable : un enfoque socialmente sustentable para la gestion del recurso

Stephen Foster Marcella Nanni Karin Kemper Héctor Garduño Albert Tuinhof

The note explains groundwater resources are never strictly non-renewable. But in certain cases the period needed for replenishment (100s to 1000s of years) is very long in relation to the normal time-frame of human activity in general, and water resources planning in particular. For this reason it is valid in such cases, to talk of the utilization of non-renewable groundwater, or the 'mining of aquifer reserves'. The focus here is on management of aquifers with non-renewable groundwater such as: unconfined aquifers in areas where contemporary recharge is very infrequent, and also of small volume, and the resource is essentially limited to aquifer storage reserves; the 'confined sections' of very large aquifer systems, where groundwater development intercepts, or induces little active recharge, and the piezometric surface falls continuously with abstraction. Both involve the abstraction of so-called 'fossil (or palaeo) groundwater', which originated as recharge in past, more humid, climatic regimes. The volumes of such groundwater stored in some aquifers is huge (e.g. an estimated 150,000 km3 in the Nubian Sandstone and 15,000 km3 in the Arabian Rub-al-Khali basin). The use of the term 'sustainability' in this context requires clarification. It is interpreted here in a social (rather than a physical) context, implying that full consideration must be given, not only to the immediate benefits, but also to the 'negative impacts' of development, and to the 'what comes after' question-and thus to time horizons of 100-1000 years.

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