Carlos Clemente Cerri

Universidade de São Paulo

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Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri

Forest Science and Research Institute

Brigitte Josefine Feigl

Universidade de São Paulo

Marisa de Cássia Píccolo

Universidade de São Paulo

Martial Bernoux

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Maurício Roberto Cherubin

Forest Science and Research Institute

Boris Volkoff

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

André L.C. Franco

Indiana University Bloomington

Jerry M. Melillo

Marine Biological Laboratory

Christopher Neill

Woodwell Climate Research Center

Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia

Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Alagoas

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade de São Paulo

Methodist University of Piracicaba

Universidade Brasil

Forest Science and Research Institute

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento

Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

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Organic Matter and Natural Carbon‐13 Distribution in Forested and Cultivated Oxisols

Soil Science Society of America Journal (1989)

Victor Alexandre Vitorello Carlos Clemente Cerri F. Andreux Christian Feller R. L. Victória

Abstract Soil carbon (C) distribution, natural 13 C abundances and their changes as a consequence of cropping were studied in three neighboring areas on an Oxisol from Brazil. One site (T 0 ) was under forest, while the two other sites (T 12 and T 50 ) had been deforested, then cultivated with sugar cane for 12 and 50 yr, respectively. Soil morphological, chemical and mineralogical characteristics in all three sites were very similar. Total C content of the 0.06‐m layer of T 0 was twice that of T 12 and T 50 , then decreased sharply with depth, to values similar to the other profiles. Delta 13 C had practically constant values of −25.1, −22.8, and −20.4‰, throughout the 0 to 0.30‐m layer of T 0 , T 12 , and T 50 respectively. These values increased in deeper layers, to about −17‰, due to increased humification and possibly to deposition of organic matter from a former 13 C‐rich vegetation. The 0.10‐ to 0.20‐m layer was separated into particle‐size fractions and alkaline extract. Carbon contents decreased from T 0 to T 50 in the sand‐size fractions and alkaline extracts, but did not change in the clay‐size fractions. Delta 13 C values were used to estimate the proportions of C derived from forest (Cdff) and from sugar cane (Cdfc). Carbon derived from sugar cane represented 17.3 ± 3.2% and 40.5 ± 2.2% of total C in T 12 and T 50 , respectively. It reached its maximum value (67 ± 3.7%) in the coarse sand fraction of T 12 and T 50 and decreased with decreasing fraction size, to 13.8 ± 9.4% and 30.5 ± 6.5% in the fine clay fractions of T 12 and T 50 , respectively. Thus, Cdff persisted mainly in the clay‐size fraction.

Oxisol

Humus

Carbon fibers

Soil horizon

Deposition

10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300030024x

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Citations (209)

Natural Radiocarbon Measurements in Brazilian Soils Developed on Basic Rocks

Radiocarbon (1996)

Luiz Carlos Ruiz Pessenda E. P. E. Valencia Plínio Barbosa de Camargo E. C. C. Telles Luiz Antônio Martinelli

This paper presents 14 C, 13 C and chemical data of soil organic matter (SOM) in three soil profiles under native forests from Brazil: Londrina (southern), Piracicaba (southeastern) and Altamira (northern). The main objective is to use carbon isotopes in tropical and subtropical soils of Brazil to provide information about vegetation changes that occurred in relation to climate changes during the Holocene. 14 C data from SOM indicate that the organic matter in the soils studied is of at least Holocene age. 13 C data indicate that C 4 plants probably provided the dominant vegetation in Londrina and Piracicaba during the early and mid-Holocene and that C 3 plants provided the dominant vegetation in the Altamira region during the Holocene.

10.1017/s0033822200017574

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Citations (68)

A Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) Evaluation of Brazilian Sugarcane Expansion on Soil Quality

Soil Science Society of America Journal (2016)

Maurício Roberto Cherubin Douglas L. Karlen André L.C. Franco Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Cássio Antônio Tormena

Core Ideas The SMAF efficiently detected soil quality changes under Brazilian tropical conditions. Soil Quality Index was 0.87 (native vegetation), 0.70 (pasture), and 0.74 (sugarcane). Sugarcane expansion improves soil quality, mainly due to increasing soil chemical quality. The SMAF–Soil Quality Index was significantly correlated with soil organic C stocks. The SMAF is useful for monitoring soil quality changes in Brazilian sugarcane production. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was developed to evaluate impacts of land use and management practices on soil quality (SQ), but its suitability for Brazilian tropical soils was unknown. We hypothesized that SMAF would be sensitive enough to detect SQ changes associated with sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) expansion for ethanol production. Field studies were performed at three sites across the south‐central region of Brazil, aiming to quantify the impacts of a land use change sequence (i.e., native vegetation–pasture–sugarcane) on SQ. Eight soil indicators were individually scored using SMAF curves developed primarily for North American soils and integrated into an overall Soil Quality Index (SQI) and its chemical, physical, and biological sectors. The SMAF scores were correlated with two other approaches used to assess SQ changes, soil organic C (SOC) stocks and Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) scores. Our findings showed that the SMAF was an efficient tool for assessing land use change effects on the SQ of Brazilian tropical soils. The SMAF scoring curves developed using robust algorithms allowed proper assignment of scores for the soil chemical, physical, and biological indicators assessed. The SQI scores were significantly correlated with SOC stocks and VESS scores. Long‐term transition from native vegetation to extensive pasture promoted significant decreases in soil chemical, physical, and biological indicators. Overall SQI suggested that soils under native vegetation were functioning at 87% of their potential capacity, while pasture soils were functioning at 70%. Conversions of pasture to sugarcane induced slight improvements in SQ, primarily because of improved soil fertility. Sugarcane soils are functioning at 74% of their potential capacity. Based on this study, management strategies were developed to improve SQ and the sustainability of sugarcane production in Brazil.

Soil Quality

Soil Management

10.2136/sssaj2015.09.0328

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Citations (117)

Net nitrogen mineralization and net nitrification along a tropical forest-to-pasture chronosequence

Plant and Soil (1994)

Marisa de Cássia Píccolo Christopher Neill Carlos Clemente Cerri

Chronosequence

Nitrogen Cycle

10.1007/bf01416090

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Citations (172)

Brazil's Soil Carbon Stocks

Soil Science Society of America Journal (2002)

Martial Bernoux Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho Boris Volkoff Carlos Clemente Cerri

Soil organic carbon (C) stocks to a depth of 30 cm were estimated for Brazil on the basis of a map of different soil‐vegetation associations (SVA) combined with results from a soil database. The SVA map was derived by intersection of soil and vegetation maps. The original soil and vegetation classification were simplified to six soil and 15 vegetation categories. The SVA map comprised 21 111 map units (MU) that were spread into 75 different SVA categories. Mean representative C stocks (RCS) of the SVA categories ranged from 1.51 to 41.78 kg C m −2 More than three fourth of all SVA areas had an associated RCS varying between 3 and 6 kg C m −2 Because these data represent sites with native vegetation in the absence of significant disturbances, they represent a valuable baseline for evaluating the effect of land‐use change on soil C stocks for Brazil. In total, about 36.4 ± 3.4 Pg C was stored in the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil layer.

Soil carbon

10.2136/sssaj2002.8880

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Citations (259)

Reducing Amazon Deforestation through Agricultural Intensification in the Cerrado for Advancing Food Security and Mitigating Climate Change

Sustainability (2018)

Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Carlos Clemente Cerri Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia Maurício Roberto Cherubin Brigitte Josefine Feigl

Important among global issues is the trilemma of abrupt climate change, food insecurity, and environmental degradation. Despite the increasing use of fossil fuel, about one third of global C emissions come from tropical deforestation and indiscriminate use of agricultural practices. Global food insecurity, affecting one in seven persons, aggravates environmental degradation. The importance of judicious land use and soil sustainability in addressing the trilemma cannot be overemphasized. While intensifying agronomic production on existing land, it is also essential to identify suitable eco-regions for bringing new land under production. Based on 35-years of data from Brazil, we report that C emissions from agroecosystems are 4 to 5.5 times greater by bringing new land under production in Amazon than in the Cerrado for pastures and cropland production, respectively. The data presented indicate that agricultural intensification is feasible in the Cerrado, and the forest in Rondônia and Mato Grosso states must be protected and restored for nature conservancy. Now is the time to think beyond COP 21—Paris 2015 and take concrete actions to address these issues of global significance.

Deforestation

Trilemma

Agricultural land

10.3390/su10040989

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Citations (79)

Land cover mapping and carbon pools estimates in Rondonia, Brazil

International Journal of Remote Sensing (1998)

Jener Fernando Leite de Moraes F. Seyler Carlos Clemente Cerri Boris Volkoff

In order to estimate changes in carbon pools and fluxes to the atmosphere, we used Landsat TM data to calculate the extent of areas converted to pasture to different lengths of time in a 100km by 92km area of the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Image processing and the supervised classification allowed the production of an accurate land cover map including forest and pastures of different ages. Estimates of carbon pools and fluxes to the atmosphere were carried out using the results of Landsat image analysis and published data about carbon stocks in vegetation and soil. The results showed that a large amount of carbon (12 103 g cm2) is released after three years under pasture. From the initial burning and after fifth year under pasture, the system functioned as a source of CO2 to atmosphere. After this period the balance is slightly negative and the amount of CO2 released is lower than the amount released in the initial period.

Land Cover

Carbon fibers

Carbon flux

10.1080/014311698215793

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Citations (35)

Linking soil engineers, structural stability, and organic matter allocation to unravel soil carbon responses to land-use change

Soil Biology and Biochemistry (2020)

André L.C. Franco Maurício Roberto Cherubin Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri Johan Six Diana H. Wall

Soil carbon

Soil structure

10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107998

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Citations (48)

Near infrared spectroscopy for soil bulk density assessment

European Journal of Soil Science (2009)

Cindy Silva Moreira Didier Brunet L. Verneyre S. M. O. Sá Marcelo Valadares Galdos

Soil bulk density values are needed to convert organic carbon content to mass of organic carbon per unit area. However, field sampling and measurement of soil bulk density are labour‐intensive, costly and tedious. Near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a physically non‐destructive, rapid, reproducible and low‐cost method that characterizes materials according to their reflectance in the near‐infrared spectral region. The aim of this paper was to investigate the ability of NIRS to predict soil bulk density and to compare its performance with published pedotransfer functions. The study was carried out on a dataset of 1184 soil samples originating from a reforestation area in the Brazilian Amazon basin, and conventional soil bulk density values were obtained with metallic “core cylinders”. The results indicate that the modified partial least squares regression used on spectral data is an alternative method for soil bulk density predictions to the published pedotransfer functions tested in this study. The NIRS method presented the closest‐to‐zero accuracy error (−0.002 g cm −3 ) and the lowest prediction error (0.13 g cm −3 ) and the coefficient of variation of the validation sets ranged from 8.1 to 8.9% of the mean reference values. Nevertheless, further research is required to assess the limits and specificities of the NIRS method, but it may have advantages for soil bulk density predictions, especially in environments such as the Amazon forest.

Pedotransfer function

Soil carbon

Soil test

10.1111/j.1365-2389.2009.01170.x

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Citations (42)

Seasonal variation of soil chemical properties and CO2 and CH4 fluxes in unfertilized and P-fertilized pastures in an Ultisol of the Brazilian Amazon

Geoderma (2002)

Silvana Aparecida Pavan Fernandes Martial Bernoux Carlos Clemente Cerri Brigitte Josefine Feigl Marisa de Cássia Píccolo

Dry season

Ultisol

Soil respiration