Joaquim Garrabou

Institut de Ciències del Mar

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Cristina Linares

Universitat de Barcelona

Emma Cebrián

Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes

Jean‐Baptiste Ledoux

Universidade do Porto

Nathaniel Bensoussan

Institut de Ciències del Mar

Núria Teixidó

Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn

Enric Ballesteros

Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes

Bernat Hereu

Universitat de Barcelona

Míkel Zabala

Universidad de Granada

Diego K. Kersting

Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal

Silvija Kipson

Croatian Science Foundation

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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

104

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Institut de Ciències del Mar

Universitat de Barcelona

Institut Català de Ciències del Clima

Aix-Marseille Université

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

University of Palermo

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National Research Council

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Structure and dynamics of north-western Mediterranean rocky benthic communities along a depth gradient: a geographical information system (GIS) approach

Joaquim Garrabou

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Joaquim Garrabou para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biologicas por la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), realizada bajo la direccion del Dr. Mikel Zabala Limousin de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) y del Dr. Enric Ballesteros i Sagarra del Centre d'Estudis Avancats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC).-- 214 pages

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Distribution of sulphur and magnesium in the red coral

Chemical Geology (2013)

D. Vielzeuf Joaquim Garrabou Alexander C. Gagnon A. Ricolleau Jess F. Adkins

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.07.008

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Citations (53)

Multiple Processes Regulate Long-Term Population Dynamics of Sea Urchins on Mediterranean Rocky Reefs

PLoS ONE (2012)

Bernat Hereu Cristina Linares Enric Sala Joaquim Garrabou Antoni García-Rubies

We annually monitored the abundance and size structure of herbivorous sea urchin populations (Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula) inside and outside a marine reserve in the Northwestern Mediterranean on two distinct habitats (boulders and vertical walls) over a period of 20 years, with the aim of analyzing changes at different temporal scales in relation to biotic and abiotic drivers. P. lividus exhibited significant variability in density over time on boulder bottoms but not on vertical walls, and temporal trends were not significantly different between the protection levels. Differences in densities were caused primarily by variance in recruitment, which was less pronounced inside the MPA and was correlated with adult density, indicating density-dependent recruitment under high predation pressure, as well as some positive feedback mechanisms that may facilitate higher urchin abundances despite higher predator abundance. Populations within the reserve were less variable in abundance and did not exhibit the hyper-abundances observed outside the reserve, suggesting that predation effects maybe more subtle than simply lowering the numbers of urchins in reserves. A. lixula densities were an order of magnitude lower than P. lividus densities and varied within sites and over time on boulder bottoms but did not differ between protection levels. In December 2008, an exceptionally violent storm reduced sea urchin densities drastically (by 50% to 80%) on boulder substrates, resulting in the lowest values observed over the entire study period, which remained at that level for at least two years (up to the present). Our results also showed great variability in the biological and physical processes acting at different temporal scales. This study highlights the need for appropriate temporal scales for studies to fully understand ecosystem functioning, the concepts of which are fundamental to successful conservation and management.

Paracentrotus lividus

Marine reserve

Population density

10.1371/journal.pone.0036901

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Harvesting Effects, Recovery Mechanisms, and Management Strategies for a Long-Lived and Structural Precious Coral

PLoS ONE (2015)

Ignasi Montero‐Serra Cristina Linares Marina Costa Garcia Francesca Pancaldi Maša Frleta‐Valić

Overexploitation is a major threat for the integrity of marine ecosystems. Understanding the ecological consequences of different extractive practices and the mechanisms underlying the recovery of populations is essential to ensure sustainable management plans. Precious corals are long-lived structural invertebrates, historically overfished, and their conservation is currently a worldwide concern. However, the processes underlying their recovery are poorly known. Here, we examined harvesting effects and recovery mechanisms of red coral Corallium rubrum by analyzing long-term photographic series taken on two populations that were harvested. We compared the relative importance of reproduction and re-growth as drivers of resilience. Harvesting heavily impacted coral populations causing large decreases in biomass and strong size-class distribution shifts towards populations dominated by small colonies. At the end of the study (after 4 and 7 years) only partial recovery was observed. The observed general pattern of low recruitment and high mortality of new recruits demonstrated limited effects of reproduction on population recovery. Adversely, low mortality of partially harvested adults and a large proportion of colonies showing new branches highlighted the importance of re-growth in the recovery process. The demographic projections obtained through stochastic models confirmed that the recovery rates of C. rubrum can be strongly modulated depending on harvesting procedures. Thus, leaving the basal section of the colonies when harvesting to avoid total mortality largely enhances the resilience of C. rubrum populations and quickens their recovery. On the other hand, the high survival of harvested colonies and the significant biomass reduction indicated that abundance may not be an adequate metric to assess the conservation status of clonal organisms because it can underestimate harvesting effects. This study highlights the unsustainability of current harvesting practices of C. rubrum and provides urgently needed data to improve management practices that are still largely based on untested assumptions.

Anthozoa

Overexploitation

10.1371/journal.pone.0117250

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Citations (27)

Postglacial range expansion shaped the spatial genetic structure in a marine habitat‐forming species: Implications for conservation plans in the Eastern Adriatic Sea

Journal of Biogeography (2018)

Jean‐Baptiste Ledoux Maša Frleta‐Valić Silvija Kipson Agostinho Antunes Emma Cebrián

Abstract Aim Understanding how historical and contemporary processes shaped and maintain spatial patterns of genetic diversity is a major goal for conservation biologists. Here, we characterized the pattern of neutral genetic diversity and we inferred underlying processes in the habitat‐forming octocoral Paramuricea clavata in the Adriatic Sea, a peculiar phylogeographic region of the Mediterranean Sea. Location Eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. Methods We genotyped seven microsatellites in 454 individuals of P. clavata from 13 populations recolonized after the Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ). We estimated the levels of contemporary connectivity and genetic drift and we reconstructed the demographic history of these populations. Results The pattern of spatial genetic structure resulted from the combination of hierarchical genetic clusters and isolation by distance ( IBD ). A significant decrease in genetic diversity and an increase of the frequencies of individual alleles likely due to allele surfing from the south to the north of the area were observed as expected after a postglacial sequential recolonization. Based on maximum likelihood analyses, the foundation of these populations was not linked to dramatic change in population size. Main conclusion Oceanographic barriers to gene flow combined to the restricted dispersal of P. clavata likely maintain the hierarchical structure and the IBD pattern. We suggest that the latitudinal genetic gradient results from a northward “serial founder events” recolonization. By integrating patterns and processes, we bridge the gap between the evolutionary and the conservation biology of P. clavata , providing management guidelines, which will benefit the associated coralligenous biodiversity.

Last Glacial Maximum

Isolation by distance

Conservation Genetics

Marine protected area

10.1111/jbi.13461

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Citations (17)

Bacteria associated with the Mediterreanean gorgonian Paramuricea clavata: a spatio-temporal characterization

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2011)

Marie La Rivière Joaquim Garrabou M. Bally

In Nortwestern Mediterranean Sea, recurrent mass mortalities have been observed affecting benthic macroinvertebrate species during climatic anomalies in summer. One of the most affected species was the red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata, and the infectious pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus was implicated in disease in this organism. As the composition and dynamics of the natural microbial communities living in association with temperate Mediterranean gorgonians are unknown, we attempted to establish a baseline for diversity and abundance of the bacterial community of P. clavata. In this study, we used both terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analysis to assess the spatio-temporal changes of bacterial assemblages associated with the gorgonian. We found a clear difference between the bacterial communities during summer and winter, while T-RFLP profiles were highly similar between P. clavata populations separated by hundreds of kilometers. Sequencing data from 16S rDNA clone libraries demonstrated the presence of distinct phylogenetic taxa during summer and winter, with an increased diversity in warm season. Monitoring of bacterial assemblage variability during a longer period of time is currently in process to assess if the seasonal pattern observed between summer and winter is repeated during successive years. In the context of recurrent gorgonian diseases and mortalities, this picture of the bacterial communities structure will be helpful to monitor the effects of thermal anomalies on the resident microbial flora.

Gorgonian

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A rapid assessment method to monitor the health status of habitat‐forming species in coastal benthic ecosystems

Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (2024)

Laura Figuerola‐Ferrando Joaquim Garrabou Cristina Linares

Abstract Marine habitat‐forming (MHF) species in the Mediterranean are among the most threatened coastal species by human activities. In recent decades, different stressors (e.g., warming‐induced marine heatwaves and algal blooms) have caused mass mortality events in these key species. Overall, a common method to assess their health status at the Mediterranean Sea scale is lacking. To fill this gap, the aim of this work is to present and validate a cost‐effective method, the Mortality Rapid Assessment Method, that is able to assess the health status of key MHF species, even through Citizen Science. The Mortality Rapid Assessment Method is based on determining the impact of mortality on MHF species derived from the metric percentage of affected colonies or individuals. To validate the ability of the proposed method to assess the health status, it was compared to a more commonly used but time‐consuming and expert‐required metric based on the injured surface percentage of the colonies or individuals. For the validation, one of the most extensive (>47,500 colonies) demographic datasets of the octocoral Paramuricea clavata was used to conduct a comprehensive metric comparison. The results showed a highly significant correlation between metrics from both methods (ρ = 0.86), confirming that the percentage of affected colonies provides a reliable assessment of the health status of gorgonian populations over broad spatial and temporal scales. Bearing in mind that this metric can be applied to different MHF species, such as sponges, bryozoans and calcareous algae, and by non‐scientific personnel (managers and trained volunteers), its implementation can contribute to inform and enhance the effectiveness of the conservation and management plans for key MHF species at the scale of the Mediterranean Sea.

Benthic Habitat

Coastal ecosystem

10.1002/aqc.4120

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Climate change impacts on coastal benthic ecosystems in the NW Mediterranean Sea: assessing potential risk from field; laboratory and numerical experiments

Nathaniel Bensoussan Ivane Pairaud Pierre Garreau Samuel Somot Joaquim Garrabou

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Citations (1)

Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean

Nature Climate Change (2018)