C. Barnet

Science and Technology Corporation (United States)

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Antonia Gambacorta

Goddard Space Flight Center

E. Maddy

NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service

Nicholas R. Nalli

NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service

W. Wolf

NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service

Murty Divakarla

NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service

Mitchell D. Goldberg

NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service

Jennifer Wei

Goddard Space Flight Center

Lihang Zhou

NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service

Joel Susskind

Goddard Space Flight Center

Xiaozhen Xiong

Langley Research Center

Cooperative Institutions

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

154

University of Colorado Boulder

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory

NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service

Goddard Space Flight Center

NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research

California Institute of Technology

NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory

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The onset and growth of the 1990 equatorial disturbance on Saturn

Icarus (1992)

R. F. Beebe C. Barnet Pedro V. Sada A. S. Murrell

10.1016/0019-1035(92)90035-6

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Citations (48)

MÖSSBAUER STUDY OF METAL CATIONS IN THE CHEVREL PHASES

Elsevier eBooks (1980)

B. Stafford C. Barnet C. W. Kimball F. Y. Fradin

10.1016/b978-0-12-676150-4.50061-5

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Citations (2)

The CrIMSS EDR Algorithm: Characterization, Optimization, and Validation

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2014)

Murty Divakarla C. Barnet Xu Liu Degui Gu Michael A. Wilson

Abstract The Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) instruments aboard the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership satellite provide high‐quality hyperspectral infrared and microwave observations to retrieve atmospheric vertical temperature and moisture profiles (AVTP and AVMP) and many other environmental data records (EDRs). The official CrIS and ATMS EDR algorithm, together called the Cross‐track Infrared and Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS), produces EDR products on an operational basis through the interface data processing segment. The CrIMSS algorithm group is to assess and ensure that operational EDRs meet beta and provisional maturity requirements and are ready for stages 1–3 validations. This paper presents a summary of algorithm optimization efforts, as well as characterization and validation of the AVTP and AVMP products using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrievals, and conventional and dedicated radiosonde observations. The global root‐mean‐square (RMS) differences between the CrIMSS products and the ECMWF show that the AVTP is meeting the requirements for layers 30–300 hPa (1.53 K versus 1.5 K) and 300–700 hPa (1.28 K versus 1.5 K). Slightly higher RMS difference for the 700 hPa‐surface layer (1.78 K versus 1.6 K) is attributable to land and polar profiles. The AVMP product is within the requirements for 300–600 hPa (26.8% versus 35%) and is close in meeting the requirements for 600 hPa‐surface (25.3% versus 20%). After just one year of maturity, the CrIMSS EDR products are quite comparable to the AIRS heritage algorithm products and show readiness for stages 1–3 validations.

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder

10.1002/2013jd020438

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Citations (33)

Validation of AIRS and IASI Temperature and Water Vapor Retrievals with Global Radiosonde Measurements and Model Forecasts

Murty Divakarla C. Barnet Mitchell D. Goldberg Tom King E. Maddy

Atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles retrieved from the Aqua-Atmospheric Infrared Sounder instrument and the MetOp-Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer instrument are validated with global radiosonde measurements and forecasts.

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder

Atmospheric sounding

Atmospheric temperature

Atmospheric models

10.1364/hisense.2009.hwc5

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Citations (1)

Porting and testing NPOESS CrIMSS EDR algorithms

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2010)

Xu Liu Susan Kizer Allen M. Larar Daniel Zhou William L. Smith

As a part of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS, formerly the NPOESS afternoon orbit), the instruments Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) make up the Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounder Suite (CrIMSS). CrIMSS will primarily provide global temperature, moisture, and pressure profiles and calibrated radiances [1]. In preparation for the NPP launch in 2011, we have ported and tested the operational CrIMSS Environmental Data Record (EDR) algorithms using both synthetic and proxy data generated from the IASI, AMSU, MHS data from Metop-A satellite.

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder

Porting

10.1117/12.869428

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Citations (1)

CLIMCAPS observing capability for temperature, moisture, and trace gases from AIRS/AMSU and CrIS/ATMS

Atmospheric measurement techniques (2020)

N. Smith C. Barnet

Abstract. The Community Long-term Infrared Microwave Combined Atmospheric Product System (CLIMCAPS) retrieves vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor, greenhouse and pollutant gases, and cloud properties from measurements made by infrared and microwave instruments on polar-orbiting satellites. These are AIRS/AMSU on Aqua and CrIS/ATMS on Suomi NPP and NOAA20; together they span nearly 2 decades of daily observations (2002 to present) that can help characterize diurnal and seasonal atmospheric processes from different time periods or regions across the globe. While the measurements are consistent, their information content varies due to uncertainty stemming from (i) the observing system (e.g., instrument type and noise, choice of inversion method, algorithmic implementation, and assumptions) and (ii) localized conditions (e.g., presence of clouds, rate of temperature change with pressure, amount of water vapor, and surface type). CLIMCAPS quantifies, propagates, and reports all known sources of uncertainty as thoroughly as possible so that its retrieval products have value in climate science and applications. In this paper we characterize the CLIMCAPS version 2.0 system and diagnose its observing capability (ability to retrieve information accurately and consistently over time and space) for seven atmospheric variables – temperature, H2O, CO, O3, CO2, HNO3, and CH4 – from two satellite platforms, Aqua and NOAA20. We illustrate how CLIMCAPS observing capability varies spatially, from scene to scene, and latitudinally across the globe. We conclude with a discussion of how CLIMCAPS uncertainty metrics can be used in diagnosing its retrievals to promote understanding of the observing system and the atmosphere it measures.

Trace gas

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder

10.5194/amt-13-4437-2020

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Citations (71)

Mid-tropospheric Spectral Length-scale Analysis of Many Constituents from Aircraft, Satellite and Model Results During the 2013 SENEX Field Study.

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2016)

S. A. McKeen W. M. Angevine Ravan Ahmadov G. J. Frost S. W. Kim

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Inverse problems in remote sensing of planetary atmospheres

M. T. Chahine Joel Susskind C. Barnet

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On the angular effect of residual clouds and aerosols in clear‐sky infrared window radiance observations: Sensitivity analyses

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2012)

Nicholas R. Nalli C. Barnet E. Maddy Antonia Gambacorta

Accurate environmental satellite observations and calculations of top‐of‐atmosphere infrared (IR) spectral radiances are required for the accurate retrieval of environmental data records (EDRs), including atmospheric vertical temperature and moisture profiles. For this reason it is important that systematic differences between observations and calculations under well‐characterized conditions be minimal, and because most sensors must scan the earth surface to facilitate global coverage, this should include unbiased agreement over the range of zenith angles encountered. This paper investigates the “clear‐sky observations” commonly used in such analyses, which include “cloud‐masked” data (as is typical from imagers), as well as “cloud‐cleared radiances” (as is typical from hyper/ultraspectral sounders). Here we derive simple physical conceptual models to examine quantitatively the longwave IR brightness temperature sensitivity arising from the increasing probability of cloudy fields‐of‐view with zenith angle, or alternatively from increased slant‐path through an aerosol layer. To model the angular effect of clouds, we apply previously derived probability of clear line‐of‐sight (PCLoS) models for single‐layer broken opaque clouds. We then generalize this approach to account for the impact of high, semitransparent (non‐opaque) cold clouds, by deriving analytical expressions for the mean slant‐paths through each of the idealized shapes under consideration. Our sensitivity analyses suggest that contamination by residual clouds and/or aerosols within clear‐sky observations can have a measurable concave‐up impact (i.e., an increasing positive bias symmetric over the scanning range) on the angular agreement of hypothetical “observations” with “calculations.” The magnitudes are typically on the order of couple tenths of a Kelvin or more depending on the residual absolute cloud fraction and optical depth (i.e., the degree of cloud contamination), the residual aerosol optical depth (i.e., the degree of aerosol contamination), the temperature difference between the surface and the residual cloud/aerosol layers, and the shape and vertical aspect ratio of the clouds.

Zenith

Opacity

Liquid water path

Infrared window

Atmospheric models

10.1029/2012jd017667

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Citations (10)

Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging Science Results

Science (1989)

B. A. Smith L. A. Soderblom D. Banfield C. Barnet A. T. Basilevsky

Voyager 2 images of Neptune reveal a windy planet characterized by bright clouds of methane ice suspended in an exceptionally clear atmosphere above a lower deck of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia ices. Neptune's atmosphere is dominated by a large anticyclonic storm system that has been named the Great Dark Spot (GDS). About the same size as Earth in extent, the GDS bears both many similarities and some differences to the Great Red Spot of Jupiter. Neptune's zonal wind profile is remarkably similar to that of Uranus. Neptune has three major rings at radii of 42,000, 53,000, and 63,000 kilometers. The outer ring contains three higher density arc-like segments that were apparently responsible for most of the ground-based occultation events observed during the current decade. Like the rings of Uranus, the Neptune rings are composed of very dark material; unlike that of Uranus, the Neptune system is very dusty. Six new regular satellites were found, with dark surfaces and radii ranging from 200 to 25 kilometers. All lie inside the orbit of Triton and the inner four are located within the ring system. Triton is seen to be a differentiated body, with a radius of 1350 kilometers and a density of 2.1 grams per cubic centimeter; it exhibits clear evidence of early episodes of surface melting. A now rigid crust of what is probably water ice is overlain with a brilliant coating of nitrogen frost, slightly darkened and reddened with organic polymer material. Streaks of organic polymer suggest seasonal winds strong enough to move particles of micrometer size or larger, once they become airborne. At least two active plumes were seen, carrying dark material 8 kilometers above the surface before being transported downstream by high level winds. The plumes may be driven by solar heating and the subsequent violent vaporization of subsurface nitrogen.

Neptune

Uranus

Jupiter (rocket family)

Gas giant

10.1126/science.246.4936.1422

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Citations (606)