Jason D. Chaytor

Woodwell Climate Research Center

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Uri S. ten Brink

United States Geological Survey

Brian D. Andrews

United States Geological Survey

Ying-Tsong Lin

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

C. Goldfinger

Oregon State University

Daniel S. Brothers

United States Geological Survey

Kevin M. Lee

The University of Texas at Austin

Megan S. Ballard

The University of Texas at Austin

Amanda W.J. Demopoulos

United States Geological Survey

Andrea M. Quattrini

Harvey Mudd College

Preston S. Wilson

The University of Texas at Austin

Cooperative Institutions

United States Geological Survey

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

University of California, San Diego

The University of Texas at Austin

National Oceanography Centre

Pacific Science Center

Oregon State University

Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center

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Slope Failures and Timing of Turbidity Flows North of Puerto Rico

Advances in natural and technological hazards research (2013)

Jason D. Chaytor Uri S. ten Brink

Turbidity

Turbidity current

10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_55

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Citations (3)

Geomorphic characterization of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin

Marine Geology (2013)

Daniel S. Brothers Uri S. ten Brink Brian D. Andrews Jason D. Chaytor

Continental Margin

Submarine canyon

Seafloor Spreading

Contourite

10.1016/j.margeo.2012.12.008

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Citations (52)

Rupture lengths and temporal history of significant earthquakes on the offshore and north coast segments of the Northern San Andreas Fault based on turbidite stratigraphy

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2007)

C. Goldfinger A. E. Morey Claudia Nelson Julia Gutiérrez-Pastor Joel E. Johnson

Turbidity current

Lithology

Forearc

10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.017

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Citations (127)

Seafloor Observations Eliminate a Landslide as the Source of the 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2023)

Uri S. ten Brink Jason D. Chaytor C. H. Flores Yong Wei Simon Detmer

ABSTRACT The 11 October 1918 devastating tsunami in northwest Puerto Rico had been used as an example for earthquake-induced landslide tsunami hazard. Three pieces of evidence pointed to a landslide as the origin of the tsunami: the discovery of a large submarine landslide scar from bathymetry data collected by shipboard high-resolution multibeam sonar, reported breaks of submarine cable within the scar, and the fit of tsunami models to flooding observations. Newly processed seafloor imagery collected by remotely operated vehicle (ROV) show, however, pervasive Fe–Mn crust (patina) on the landslide walls and floor, indicating that the landslide scar is at least several hundred years old. C14 dates of sediment covering the landslide floor verify this interpretation. Although we have not searched the region systematically for an alternative tsunami source, we propose a possible source—a two-segment normal-fault rupture along the eastern wall of Mona rift. The proposed fault location matches the published normal faults with steep bathymetry and is close to the International Seismological Center–Global Earthquake Model catalog locations of the 1918 mainshock and aftershocks. The ROV observations further show fresh vertical slickensides and rock exposure along the proposed fault trace. Hydrodynamic models from an Mw 7.2 earthquake rupture along the eastern wall of the rift faithfully reproduce the reported tsunami amplitudes, polarities, and arrival times. Our analysis emphasizes the value of close-up observations and physical samples to augment remote sensing data in natural hazard studies.

Seafloor Spreading

Submarine landslide

Earthquake rupture

10.1785/0120220146

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Citations (7)

Revisiting Submarine Mass Movements Along The U.S. Atlantic Continental Margin: Implications For Tsunami Hazards

Springer eBooks (2007)

Jason D. Chaytor David C. Twichell Uri S. ten Brink Brian J. Buczkowski Brian D. Andrews

Submarine landslide

Mass movement

Continental Margin

Submarine canyon

Mass wasting

Passive margin

10.1007/978-1-4020-6512-5_41

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Citations (19)

Assessment of tsunami hazard to the U.S. Atlantic margin

Marine Geology (2014)

Uri S. ten Brink Jason D. Chaytor Eric L. Geist D.S. Brothers Brian D. Andrews

Margin (machine learning)

10.1016/j.margeo.2014.02.011

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Citations (83)

Geomorphology of the Eastern North American Continental Margin: the role of deep sea sedimentation processes

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2016)

D. Mosher Clay Campbell David J. W. Piper Jason D. Chaytor James V. Gardner

Sedimentation

Continental Margin

Margin (machine learning)

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The Structural Evolution of the Gorda "Plate": Destruction of a Plate Fragment Prior to Subduction in the Cascadia Subduction Zone

AGUFM (2002)

Jason D. Chaytor C. Goldfinger Robert P. Dziak

Fragment (logic)

Source

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Field geology under the sea with a remotely operated vehicle: Mona Rift, Puerto Rico

EarthArXiv (California Digital Library) (2024)

Uri S. ten Brink Jason D. Chaytor Or M. Bialik C. H. Flores Marcie Purkey Phillips

We implemented concepts of field geology at great ocean depths by constructing virtual outcrops from a string of overlapping video frames collected by remotely operated vehicles (ROV). This lower cost alternative to drilling boreholes allows stratigraphic extension into the offshore and for regional interpretation of marine seismic profiles. The imagery was collected along a dive transect on the west wall of Mona Rift, a deep and narrow rift NW of Puerto Rico between water depths of 1560 and 3927 m. The northern coast of Puerto Rico and its large offshore area are underlain by a mid-Eocene and younger forearc basin topped by a thick carbonate platform. There are no drillholes offshore and tying seismic lines across the shoreline there is problematic. We describe our virtual outcrop and constrain its age and stratigraphy using 7 ROV rock samples and compare them to deep boreholes and outcrops on land. Our formation descriptions and ages agree for the most part with those on land, but we identified a 100 m thick section, represented on land by an unconformity. Our stratigraphic interpretation indicates lateral variations in formation thicknesses and establishes a cross-section for additional sampling of the Eocene-Pliocene geology. It also suggests that Mona Rift has formed since mid-Pliocene. The presence or absence of Fe-Mn crust on rocks along the transect may be correlated with the smoothness of the rock surface.

Outcrop

10.31223/x5z69k

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Citations (1)

Exploring the Interactions between Geologic and Biologic Processes in the Poorly Known Submarine Canyons Off Cape Hatteras, U.S. Atlantic Margin

Ocean Sciences Meeting 2020 (2020)

Jason D. Chaytor Amanda W.J. Demopoulos Martha S. Nizinski Brian D. Andrews Ryan Gasbarro

Cape

Submarine canyon

Margin (machine learning)

Cape verde

Continental Margin

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Citations (0)