Mostafa Nejadhadad

Shiraz University

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Batoul Taghipour

Shiraz University

David R. Lentz

University of New Brunswick

Alireza K. Somarin

Brandon University

Alireza Zarasvandi

Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

Alireza Karimzadeh Somarin

Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources

Kazem Gholoizade

Shahid Beheshti University

Somayeh Salamab Ellahi

Shiraz University

Shahrouz Babazadeh

Chungnam National University

Davood Raeisi

University of Tehran

Niloofar Nayebi

University of Tehran

Cooperative Institutions

Shiraz University

Brandon University

Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

University of Tehran

University of New Brunswick

China University of Geosciences

Geological Survey of Canada

Memorial University of Newfoundland

National University of Comahue

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

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Implications of multiple fluids in the deposition of Pb-Zn-Ba deposits in the Alvand Mountain, Golpayegan, Iran: Evidence from fluid inclusions and O, C, S isotopes

Ore Geology Reviews (2023)

Mostafa Nejadhadad Batoul Taghipour David R. Lentz

Middle Cretaceous sedimentary carbonates of Alvand Mountain host Pb-Zn-Ba veins. This mineralization occurs mainly as veins, breccia fillings, and to a lesser extent disseminated and host rock replacements. Ore mineralogy is simple and consists of sphalerite, galena, and barite, with minor pyrite, rare chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite. Host rock dolomitization and hydrothermal silicification are typically associated with ore. Two types of primary liquid–vapor fluid inclusions were distinguished in sphalerite, quartz, and barite. Type I (salinity, 17–23 wt% NaCl; Th, 130 ± 30 °C) is dominant in sphalerite, whereas type II (salinity, 4.5–10 wt% NaCl, Th, 190 ± 40 °C) is dominant in quartz and barite; these fluids have characteristics of basinal brines and show a negative mixing trend in an evolving process of sulfide and gangue saturation. The δ18O and δ13C values for host rock and altered minerals range from 22.0 to 12.9 ‰ and 3.8 to −3.2 ‰, respectively, which suggest the influence of increased temperature fluids, presence of organic carbon, and fluid mixing. The δ34S values of sulfides and barite varies from 2 to 17 ‰ and 23 to 24 ‰, respectively, suggesting that reduced sulfur could be derived by thermochemical reduction of Paleogene seawater sulfate in the presence of organic matter; however, the wide ranges of δ34S sulfide values (15 ‰) exhibits that reduction of sulfur probably originated by different sulfur reduction processes. The data present in this study suggest that during increased tectonic activity in the late Cretaceous-Paleogene, mixing of basinal brines and water–rock interaction resulted in Pb-Zn-Ba deposition in carbonate host rocks. Therefore, it may represent low-temperature mineralization, possibly analogous to MVT depositional systems.

δ34S

Sulfide Minerals

Paleogene

Gangue

Anhydrite

10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105300

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Citations (9)

Geochemical, isotopic, and fluid inclusion signatures of Zn-Pb mineralization in the Tiran mining district, Isfahan, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone (Iran)

Ore Geology Reviews (2018)

Mostafa Nejadhadad Batoul Taghipour David R. Lentz

δ34S

Breccia

Sulfide Minerals

10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.08.005

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Geochemistry and mineral composition of lamprophyre dikes, central Iran: implications for petrogenesis and mantle evolution

Journal of Earth System Science (2019)

Davood Raeisi Kazem Gholoizade Niloofar Nayebi Shahrouz Babazadeh Mostafa Nejadhadad

Lile

Phlogopite

Petrogenesis

Primitive mantle

Felsic

Fractional crystallization (geology)

Amphibole

Asthenosphere

10.1007/s12040-019-1110-0

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Citations (10)

Geological, geochemical, and fluid inclusion evidences for the origin of the Ravanj Pb–Ba–Ag deposit, north of Delijan city, Markazi Province, Iran

TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES (2016)

Mostafa Nejadhadad Batoul Taghipour Alireza Zarasvandi Alireza Karimzadeh Somarin

The Lower Cretaceous sequences of the Ravanj anticline in Iran host the Ravanj Pb-Ba-Ag mineralization. Economic orebodies are restricted to the thrust zone within the brecciated massive limestone and immediately above the Jurassic shale and/or shale-limestone intercalations of the Lower Cretaceous. Paragenetic sequence and distinct zoning of mineral assemblages indicate that ore-forming fluid migrated through thrust zones along the NE-trending faults. The REE pattern of mineralized host rock is characterized by HREE-enrichment ((La/Lu)PAAS = 0.24). The Ce/Ce* ratio of mineralized host samples shows negative Ce anomalies, which is most likely inherited from seawater. The positive Eu/Eu* anomaly suggests high ?O2 during ore deposition. Negative Δ34S values of the Ravanj sulfide minerals (-27? to -11?) suggest bacteriogenic sulfate reduction, whereas positive Δ34S values of barite (+20?) fall in the range of Tertiary marine sulfates. Multiple isotopic sulfur sources of sulfides and sulfate minerals support mixing of a reduced negative isotopic sulfur-bearing fluid and a positive isotopic sulfate-bearing fluid. The average of homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions from the early and late-stage mineralization calcites are 165 and 160 °C, respectively. The salinity of fluid inclusions varies between 0.66 and 18 wt% NaCl equivalent with an outlier at 22.2. Wide variation in the salinity of fluid inclusions can be explained by fluid mixing between a higher salinity group with 14-18 wt% NaCl equivalent and a lower salinity group with 0.66-8 wt% NaCl equivalent. In the Ravanj, fine grained sulfide minerals are consistent with a sulfur supersaturated fluid. High concentrations of Pb can be present in oxidized, chlorine-bearing fluids if the concentration of total H2S is very low. Therefore, mixing of two geochemically different fluids could precipitate both galena and barite. These data show that the Ravanj Pb-Ba-Ag deposit is comparable with Pb-rich Mississippi Valley-type deposits such as the Viburnum Trend district in the USA.

10.3906/yer-1501-26

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The Use of Univariate and Multivariate Analyses in the Geochemical Exploration, Ravanj Lead Mine, Delijan, Iran

Minerals (2017)

Mostafa Nejadhadad Batoul Taghipour Alireza K. Somarin

A geochemical exploration program was applied to recognize the anomalous geochemical haloes at the Ravanj lead mine, Delijan, Iran. Sampling of unweathered rocks were undertaken across rock exposures on a 10 × 10 meter grid (n = 302) as well as the accessible parts of underground mine A (n = 42). First, the threshold values of all elements were determined using the cut-off values used in the exploratory data analysis (EDA) method. Then, for further studies, elements with lognormal distributions (Pb, Zn, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Sb, S, Sr, Th, Ba, Bi, Fe, Ni and Mn) were selected. Robustness against outliers is achieved by application of central log ratio transformation to address the closure problems with compositional data prior to principle components analysis (PCA). Results of these analyses show that, in the Ravanj deposit, Pb mineralization is characterized by a Pb-Ba-Ag-Sb ± Zn ± Cd association. The supra-mineralization haloes are characterized by barite and tetrahedrite in a Ba- Th- Ag- Cu- Sb- As- Sr association and sub-mineralization haloes are comprised of pyrite and tetrahedrite, probably reflecting a Fe-Cu-As-Bi-Ni-Co-Mo-Mn association. Using univariate and multivariate geostatistical analyses (e.g., EDA and robust PCA), four anomalies were detected and mapped in Block A of the Ravanj deposit. Anomalies 1 and 2 are around the ancient orebodies. Anomaly 3 is located in a thin bedded limestone-shale intercalation unit that does not show significant mineralization. Drilling of the fourth anomaly suggested a low grade, non-economic Pb mineralization.

10.3390/min7110212

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The Role of Organic Matter in the Formation of High-Grade Al Deposits of the Dopolan Karst Type Bauxite, Iran: Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Sulfur Isotope Data

Minerals (2017)

Somayeh Salamab Ellahi Batoul Taghipour Mostafa Nejadhadad

Mineralogical and geochemical analyses of the Dopolan karstic bauxite ore were performed to identify the characteristics of four bauxite horizons, which comprise from top to bottom, bauxitic kaolinite, diaspore-rich bauxite, clay-rich bauxite, and pyrite-rich bauxite. Diaspore, kaolinite, and pyrite are the main minerals; böhmite, muscovite, rutile, and anatase are the accessory minerals. The main minerals of the Dopolan bauxite deposit indicate slightly acidic to alkaline reducing conditions during bauxitization. Immobile elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and rare earth elements) are enriched in the diaspore-rich horizon, which also has the highest alumina content, whereas redox sensitive elements (e.g., Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ag, U, and V) are enriched in the lowest horizon of pyrite-rich bauxite. The presence of a high content of organic matter was identified in different horizons of bauxitic ore from wet chemistry. The presence of organic matter favored Fe bioleaching, which resulted in Al enrichment and the formation of diaspore-rich bauxite. The leached Fe2+ reacted with the hydrogen sulfur that was produced due to bacterial metabolism, resulting in the formation of the pyrite-rich horizon towards the bottom of the Dopolan bauxite horizons. Biogeochemical activity in the Dopolan bauxitic ore was deduced from the reducing environment of bauxitization, and the deposition of framboidal and cubic or cubic/octahedral pyrite crystals, with large negative values of δ34S of pyrite (−10‰ to −34‰) and preserved fossil cells of microorganisms.

Diaspore (botany)

Illite

Gibbsite

10.3390/min7060097

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Citations (16)