Neste trabalho sao apresentados novos dados sobre a proveniencia das rochas metassedimentares do Grupo Ibia na sinforma de Araxa. A secao-tipo deste grupo esta localizada na regiao de Araxa, que faz parte do segmento meridional da Faixa Brasilia. A sinforma de Araxa e uma dobra regional com eixo caindo suavemente para WNW, com flancos de direcao WNW e mergulhos para NNE e SSW, ao longo dos quais afloram as rochas dos grupos Araxa, Ibia e Canastra. Estes grupos estao estruturados em tres lascas tectonicas, separadas entre si por zonas de cisalhamento. A lasca tectonica inferior (Grupo Canastra) e uma sequencia metassedimentar psamo-pelitica, metamorfisada em condicoes de facies xisto verde (zonas da clorita ate granada) com idades modelo Sm-Nd T DM = 2,2 Ga. Ela representa sedimentos depositados em ambiente marinho plataformal. A lasca tectonica superior (Grupo Araxa) compreende uma sequencia metaignea mafica com transicao para rochas metassedimentares, ambas metamorfisadas sob condicoes da facies anfibolito e cortadas por rochas granitoides. As rochas metassedimentares apresentam idades modelo Sm-Nd T DM = 1,9 Ga. Na lasca tectonica intermediaria (Grupo Ibia) uma sequencia metasedimentar pelitica esta arranjada em ritmitos finamente granulados. Tem idades modelo Sm-Nd T DM = 1,1 a 1,3 Ga e foi metamorfisada sob facies xisto verde (zona da clorita). Dados petrograficos e geoquimicos indicam que estes metassedimentos originaram-se a partir da erosao de arcos magmaticos. Os sedimentos foram provavelmente depositados por correntes de turbidez distais em uma bacia de retroarco. O Grupo Ibia e interpretado como um terreno tectonoestratigrafico, com estratigrafia propria e sem relacoes geneticas com os terrenos vizinhos representados pelos Grupos Araxa e Canastra.
This study presents the geological characteristics of granitic magmatism associated with the Araxa Group in its type-area in the southern segment of the Neoproterozoic Brasilia Belt, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Araxa Group is confined within a thrust sheet belonging to a regional fold, the Araxa Synform, overlying two other thrust sheets comprising the Ibia and Canastra Groups. The Araxa Group comprises an igneous mafic sequence, with fine and coarse grained amphibolites, associated with pelitic and psammitic metasedimentary rocks. All rocks were metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies at ca. 640 Ma and were intruded by leucocratic granites with collisional mineralogical-geochemical signatures at ca. 637 Ma ago. The intrusions were linked to the evolution of gently depping shear zones. These granites represent an important magmatic event in a collisional environment during the final collage of West Gondwanaland. The amphibolites and metasediments could represent a fragment of back-arc oceanic crust.
The Late-Cretaceous Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP) comprises a variety of ultrapotassic rock-types, including kimberlites, lamproites and large volumes of kamafugites, in addition to a number of carbonatite-bearing plutonic alkaline complexes. Phlogopite-picrites are ultramafic fine-grained rocks typically composed of olivine phenocrysts set in a groundmass of phlogopite, carbonate, perovskite, apatite and chromite. They occur as dyke swarms in the carbonatite complexes, but are also scattered throughout the Province. The phlogopite-picrites represent the peralkaline, ultrapotassic, carbonate-rich, silicate magmas parental to the carbonatite-bearing complexes, and have strong chemical affinity with kamafugites. Together with petrographic similarities observed between silicate rocks from the carbonatite complexes and xenoliths occurring in APIP kamafugites, this provides a strong link between kamafugitic and carbonatitic magmatism in the Province.
In the Bom Jardim de Goiás region, the Transbrasiliano Lineament shows evidence of a fault reactivation along NE-SW structures (main direction) and secondary directions related to subsequent events. To study the structural framework and reactivation inputs toward tectonic events, distinctive features of the northern Paraná Basin border were analyzed by integrating gamma spectrometry and radar data, both supported by field research. The remote sensing database obtained by the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) sensor allowed detecting lineaments and morphometric derivatives. Besides, the developed morphogenetic process images attest to the importance of structural control on relief evolution while concentrating lineaments as a function of lithological and geomorphological domains. Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry data processing focused on Kd (Anomalous Potassium) and F-Parameter indices. In this context, the fuzzy logic and Index Overlay Method allowed multivalued integration that indicated hydrothermal products and weathering processes correlated with Kd and F-Parameter anomalies. Thus, the joint interpretation of lineaments, geomorphological domains, and Kd/F-Parameter anomalies allowed differentiating primary geological elements and products from surface dynamics, directly or indirectly related to tectonic reactivation processes.
This study reviews the geological characteristics and puts forward a new evolution model for the Araxa Group in its type-area, the southern segment of the Neoproterozoic Brasilia Belt, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Araxa Group is confined within a thrust sheet belonging to a synformal regional fold, the Araxa Synform, overlying two other thrust sheets made of the Ibia and Canastra Groups. The Araxa Group is described as a tectonostratigraphic terrane in the sense of Howell (1993). It comprises an igneous mafic sequence, with fine and coarse grained amphibolites, associated with pelitic metasedimentary rocks, and subordinate psanmites. All rocks were metamorphosed to amphibolite facies at ca. 630 Ma ago and were intruded by collisional granites. The amphibolites represent original basaltic and gabbroic rocks, with minor ultramafics (serpentinite/ amphibole-talc schist). The basalts are similar to high FeO tholeiites, with REE signatures that resemble E-MORB and a Nd(t) =+ 1.1. The metasedimentary rocks are interpreted as the result of a marine deep-water sedimentation. They have Sm-Nd model ages of 1,9 Ga, and a Nd(t) = -10.21. The amphibolites and metasediments could represent a fragment of back-arc oceanic crust. The data presented here differ significantly from the original definition of Barbosa et al. (1970) who describe the Araxa Group as a pelitic/psanmitic sequence and the collisional granites as a basement complex.
This study covers the region between the cities of Sacramento and Araguari/Uberlândia (Minas Gerais State, Brazil), where basalt flows from the Paraná Continental Magmatic Province outcrop. The investigated rocks present tholeiitic signature, with high titanium content, and are classified as Pitanga magma-type. The preserved basalt thickness is between 10 and 200 meters and individual flows do not exceed 15 meters thick. Flows were identified as sheet lobes, smaller and thinner flows units - stacked laterally and vertically forming compound lavas -, or frontal, centimetric lobes. The basalt flows show decimetric to metric intercalations of clastic sedimentary rock, with depositional characteristics that can vary from aeolian to lacustrine, and are important markers on prevailing environmental conditions. The plagioclases are dominantly labradorite and pyroxene is augite, whereas olivine can be hyalosiderite or hortonolite/ferrohortonolite. The behavior of the major, minor and trace elements is compatible with the presence of at least two parental magmas, which were subjected to fractional crystallization mainly of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, ilmenite and magnetite. There is a chemistry distinction between basalts from Sacramento to those from Araguari/Uberlândia region, the former one showing more evolved than the last one. The high (La/Lu)N values are indicative of partial melting of a garnet peridotite, while the Rare Earth Elements (REE) values are indicative of fractional crystallization.
ABSTRACT: The campanian Uberaba Formation, which crops out around the homonymous town, is composed of greenish lithic sandstones and conglomerates with possible volcanoclastic contribution. In this unit, heavy minerals such as ilmenite, garnet, perovskite and magnetite, besides clinopyroxene, plagioclase, quartz, calcite and apatite, are found. The Uberaba Formation geochemistry is marked by high grades of Ba, Ta, La, Nb and Th, with flat (no Eu anomaly) and highly fractionated (LaN/YbN = ca. 128) chondrite-normalized rare earth elements. Mineral chemistry analyses of detrital garnets from the Uberaba Formation indicate the predominance of chorlomite with an affinity to crustal garnets (G3). The sedimentary provenance of the Uberaba Formation corresponds to a mixing of materials from the alkaline districts of the Alto Paranaíba and from the erosion of the Serra Geral Formation and the Canastra and Araxá groups. Diamond-producing conglomerates which crop out nearby, in Romaria, were considered by some authors as correlated to the Uberaba Formation. However, the composition of garnets recovered from those conglomerates is different, plotting in the field of mantle garnets (G9/G10). We consider, then, that those units are not correlated, and that the Uberaba Formation is not a possible source for the alluvial diamonds found in the homonymous river.
Na região de Lagoa Formosa e Carmo do Paranaíba (Alto Rio Paranaíba), situada no oeste de Minas Gerais, afloram rochas metassedimentares pertencentes ao Grupo Bambuí, rochas sedimentares cretácicas pertencentes ao Grupo Areado e rochas vulcânicas e vulcanoclásticas pertencentes ao Grupo Mata da Corda. As rochas neoproterozóicas do Grupo Bambuí, compreendem duas associações de fácies: associação de diamictitos maciços e associação de arenitos, conglomerados, siltitos e carbonatos. Estas associações são representadas por litologias variadas que envolvem contextos diferenciados de deposição. As associações de fácies descritas neste trabalho sugerem uma sedimentação dominada por fluxos gravitacionais subaquosos, com fluxos de detritos e lama e correntes de turbidez, que caracterizam uma sedimentação de leque submarino, em uma bacia do tipo foreland. Esta seqüência metassedimentar foi deformada no final da Orogênese Brasiliana, apresentando, principalmente, dobras assimétricas e foliação na forma de clivagem ardosiana.Palavras chave: Grupo Bambuí, sedimentação, estratigrafia, reconstituição paleogeográfica, bacia de ante-país. ABSTRACT: THE LAGOA FORMOSA FORMATION, BAMBUÍ GROUP (MG). SUBMARINE FAN DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEM IN FORELAND BASIN. On the Lagoa Formosa and Carmo do Paranaíba region, situated in western of Minas Gerais state, outcrop neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of Bambuí Group, remnants of cretaceous sedimentary rocks of Areado Group and volcanic rocks of Mata da Corda Group. The Neoproterozoic Bambuí Group shows two facies associations: (1) massive diamictites; (2) sandstones, conglomerates, laminated siltstones and carbonates association. These facies associations exhibit various lithology that involve different depositional systems. These facies associations suggest a slope and base-of-slope systems with subaqueous gravitational flows (submarine fans depositional systems) on a foreland basin context. This neoproterozoic sequence was deformed at the end of Brasiliano Orogeny (~600Ma), showing assymmetric folds and slaty cleavage.Keywords: Bambuí Group, sedimentation, stratigraphy, paleogeographic reconstitution, foreland basin.
A Faixa neoproterozóica de dobramentos e empurrões Brasília é uma das unidades tectônicas do Brasil Central. Uma análiseestrutural e tectônica da Faixa Brasília é aqui apresentada, com dois domínios estruturais: (1) interno, com unidades alóctones, foliação Spsubhorizontal ou suavemente dobrada e médio a alto grau de metamorfismo. (2) domínio externo, com estrutura de dobras e empurrões,predomínio de foliação Sp e médio a baixo grau de metamorfismo. A leste da Faixa Brasília ocorre o domínio cratônico (Craton do São Francisco), com unidades autóctones, suavemente dobradas. A vergência das dobras e empurrões é, geralmente, para o Cráton do SãoFrancisco. O encurtamento na cobertura é balanceado por zonas de cisalhamento, amplas dobras, falhas de empurrão e inversas e falhastranscorrentes. O estilo da deformação varia com o nível crustal. Assim, no domínio externo da faixa, predomina um estilo thin-skinned,enquanto que no domínio interno, aparecem zonas de deformação dúcteis mais intensas e largas, com metamorfismo mais alto (estilothick-skinned). O segmento sul da Faixa Brasília está mais deformado e provavelmente representa o resultado de uma colisão diacrônica,mais antiga, em relação ao setor setentrional. A mega inflexão dos Pirineus e a zona de superposição pode ser o resultado da interferênciaentre duas faixas neoproterozóicas distintas, com transporte tectônico local de Norte para o Sul.Palavras chave: Faixa móvel neoproterozóica Brasília; estilo nstrutural; evolução geodinâmica. ABSTRACTTECTONICS OF THE BRASÍLIA FOLD BELT: THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN PARTS - The Neoproterozoic (ca. 650-580) Ma Brasíliafold-and-thrust-belt is a major tectonic unit in Central Brazil and can be divided into two structural domains (internal and external). In theinternal domain, most surface rocks consist of allochthonous units in a higher metamorphic grade displaying low dipping cleavage,asymmetrical folds and thrusts with significant stratigraphic repetition. The external domain is a typical foreland fold-and-thrust belt wheremedium to low grade metamorphic rocks prevail and present steeply dipping cleavage Sp. Towards the cratonic area (cratonic domain),most lithostratigraphic units are authoctonous with vertical open folds and slaty cleavage. The general vergence of folds and thrust faults inboth domains is towards the east (São Francisco Craton). Shortening of cover across the fold belt is almost always balanced by coverbasementdetachments, fold-and-thrust structures and also by NE or NW trending wrench faults. The style of deformation variesconsiderably across strike due to crustal level. Typical thin-skinned fault-fold morphology in external domain gives rise downwards to morepervasive wide zones of ductile deformation at high metamorphic grades (thick-skinned structures) in the internal domain. The Southernpart of the Brasilia belt has a more complex deformational history than the northern one. This is probably due to structural overprintcaused by a diachronic collision. The Pirineus Inflection, where local vergence is towards the South, may represent the interference zonebetween the the two parts.Keywords: Neoproterozoic Brasília fold-and-thrust belt; structural style; Geodinamic evolution.