P. E. Malin

Applied Spectral Imaging (United States)

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E. Shalev

Duke University

B. Voight

Pennsylvania State University

G. S. Mattioli

The University of Texas at Arlington

Marco Bohnhoff

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Georg Dresen

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

A. T. Linde

Carnegie Institution for Science

R. S. J. Sparks

University of Bristol

D. Hidayat

Politeknik STMI Jakarta

Derek Elsworth

Pennsylvania State University

P. C. Leary

University of Auckland

Cooperative Institutions

United States Geological Survey

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Stanford University

University of Auckland

Montserrat Volcano Observatory

Pennsylvania State University

Duke University

University of Southern California

University of Cambridge

California Institute of Technology

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Keynote Address: Joint geophysical imaging for fractured reservoirs

ASEG Extended Abstracts (2009)

P. E. Malin

Seismic and electromagnetic wave fields in the accessible (drillable) earth both respond to changes in rock properties and structure, yet are not usually combined into a single subsurface map that reflect these common changes. Variations in layer thicknesses, folds, faults, fault-related offsets, porosity, fluids, and saturation create anomalies in both fields. The presence of oriented fractures and fabric adds anisotropic responses to both as well. Ideally, both fields would be used to create a map that combines their responses to a sought after property, say porosity, in a single ?joint geophysical image?. The members of the Institute of Earth Science and Engineering are working toward such JGI maps, progress in which is reported on in this presentation. A simple example of JGI is the inversion of high-resolution seismic refraction and magnetotelluric data collected over a simple layer-over-basement structure. Here the common factor is the layer thickness, the value of which is most accurately found forcing the seismic velocity and apparent resistivity models to give the same number. A less simple example is the combined use of seismic travel times and MT resistivity converted to seismic velocity to locate microearthquakes. An even more complicated example is the inversion of shared S-wave-splitting and MT-polarization effects from zones of oriented and fluid-filled fractures. Some of theoretical and practical aspects of these three cases will be discussed, including: (a) data gathering techniques, (b) physical models of the shared properties, especially in the case of fractures and anisotropy, and (c) quantitative methods for combining measurements.

Magnetotellurics

Exploration geophysics

Seismic refraction

Seismic Tomography

Vertical seismic profile

Geophysical Imaging

Seismic migration

10.1071/aseg2009ab113

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Observational and Critical State Physics Descriptions of Long-Range Flow Structures

Geosciences (2020)

P. E. Malin P. C. Leary L. M. Cathles Christopher C. Barton

Using Fracture Seismic methods to map fluid-conducting fracture zones makes it important to understand fracture connectivity over distances greater 10–20 m in the Earth’s upper crust. The principles required for this understanding are developed here from the observations that (1) the spatial variations in crustal porosity are commonly associated with spatial variations in the magnitude of the natural logarithm of crustal permeability, and (2) many parameters, including permeability have a scale-invariant power law distribution in the crust. The first observation means that crustal permeability has a lognormal distribution that can be described as κ ≈ κ 0 exp ( α ( φ − φ 0 ) ) , where α is the ratio of the standard deviation of ln permeability from its mean to the standard deviation of porosity from its mean. The scale invariance of permeability indicates that αϕο = 3 to 4 and that the natural log of permeability has a 1/k pink noise spatial distribution. Combined, these conclusions mean that channelized flow in the upper crust is expected as the distance traversed by flow increases. Locating the most permeable channels using Seismic Fracture methods, while filling in the less permeable parts of the modeled volume with the correct pink noise spatial distribution of permeability, will produce much more realistic models of subsurface flow.

Log-normal distribution

Tortuosity

Channelized

10.3390/geosciences10020050

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Citations (11)

Comment on egusphere-2023-1458

P. E. Malin

Abstract. Plate motion is a remarkable Earth process that is widely ascribed to two primary driving forces: ridge push and slab pull. With the release of the first- and second-order stress fields in 1989, it was found that the observed stresses are mainly distributed on the uppermost brittle part of the lithosphere. A modeling analysis, however, reveals that the stress produced by ridge push is mainly distributed in the lower part of the lithosphere. Doglioni and Panza recently showed that slab pull was inconsistent with the geometry and kinematics of plate. These findings suggest that other force is possibly responsible for plate motion and the observed stress. Here, we propose that the pressure of deep ocean water against the continental wall exerts enormous force (i.e., ocean-generated force) on the continent. The continent is fixed on top of the lithosphere, this attachment allows the ocean-generated force to laterally transfer to the lithospheric plate. We show that this force may combine the ridge push, collisional, and shearing forces to form force balances for the lithospheric plate; the calculated movements for the South American, African, North American, Eurasian, Australian, and Pacific plates are well consistent with the observed movements in both speed and azimuth, the RMS of the calculated speed against the observed speed for these plates is 0.91, 3.76, 2.77, 2.31, 7.43, and 1.95 mm/yr, respectively.

Slab

Ridge push

Shearing (physics)

Shear force

10.5194/egusphere-2023-1458-rc2

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Possible triggering of Heinrich events by ice-load-induced earthquakes

Nature (1998)

A. G. Hunt P. E. Malin

Forcing (mathematics)

Milankovitch cycles

10.1038/30218

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Citations (73)

Ductile thrust splays off a pull apart - new earthquake data from Lake Kinneret

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2019)

A. Agnon Osnat Cohen Nima Nooshiri Simone Cesca Torsten Dahm

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2011 Napa Hedberg Research Conference report on enhanced geothermal systems

AAPG Bulletin (2013)

Dag Nummedal Gary H. Isaksen P. E. Malin

The American Association of Petroleum Geologists sponsored a Hedberg Research Conference on Enhanced Geothermal Systems in Napa, California, March 18 to 23, 2011. The workshop was attended by 67 participants from 10 different countries: United States, Australia, Austria, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand, and Norway. No large energy segment grows based on skill sets possessed by one or a few individuals alone. In the case of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS, also known as “engineered GS”), this was brought home to all participants through a set of posters and presentations on national and regional programs. A presentation by Bendall et al. representing the primary industries and resource agency of South Australia was very effective in conveying how to manage communication between and facilitation among the national research groups and dedicated geothermal research centers. David Blackwell's geothermal laboratory at Southern Methodist University (SMU) in Dallas serves a similar function in the United States. They conduct the dual responsibilities of basic research on the national U.S. heat-flow database and are heavily engaged in geothermal developments related to oil and gas production throughout the Gulf Coast region and elsewhere. The International Geothermal Center (GZB) in Bochum, Germany, is yet another model, as reported by Rolf Bracke and Volker Wittig. The state of North Rhine–Westphalia is investing in a coiled tube drilling rig for use by the GZB at Hochschule Bochum. The rig will drill a deep well on the university campus and fracture the rocks between multiple lateral wellbores. The resulting geothermal field will be developed to provide overall heating for the GZB and, if possible, for the rest of the university. The GZB is also charged with educating the public about the relative risks of subsurface engineering actions. For example, the public will be able to observe the relative seismic effects …

NAPA

10.1306/07111212112

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Prototype PBO instrumentation of CALIPSO project captures world‐record lava dome collapse on Montserrat Volcano

Eos (2004)

G. S. Mattioli S. R. Young B. Voight R. Steven J. Sparks

This article is an update on the status of an innovative new project designed to enhance generally our understanding of andesitic volcano eruption dynamics and, specifically the monitoring and scientific infrastructure at the active Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat. The project has been designated as the Caribbean Andesite Lava Island Precision Seismo‐geodetic Observatory known as CALIPSO. Its purpose is to investigate the dynamics of the entire SHV magmatic system using an integrated array of specialized instruments in four strategically located ∼200‐m‐deep boreholes in concert with several shallower holes and surface sites. The project is unique, as it represents the first, and only such borehole volcano‐monitoring array deployed at an andesitic stratovolcano.

Stratovolcano

Lava dome

10.1029/2004eo340001

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Citations (26)

Microearthquakes preceding a M4.2 Earthquake Offshore Istanbul

Scientific Reports (2018)

P. E. Malin Marco Bohnhoff Felix Blümle Georg Dresen Patricia Martínez‐Garzón

A primary hurdle in observing small foreshocks is the detection-limit of most seismic networks, which is typically about magnitude M1-1.5. We show that a start-up test of a borehole-based seismic network with a much lower detection limit overcame this problem for an Mw4.2 earthquake. This earthquake occurred offshore of Istanbul, Turkey, on a fault system that is likely to rupture in an M > 7 event in the coming decades. In the three days before and two after, a total of 62 or more earthquakes, including at least 18 foreshocks, came from the mainshock source area. The signal similarity of the foreshocks shows a clear increase during the hours before the Mw4.2 mainshock. Similar foreshock sequences have recently been reported for a few well monitored M > 7 plate-boundary earthquakes. The sequence surrounding the Mw4.2 gives the impression of stochastic failures that ended up interactively unloading stress concentrations. The Mw4.2 mainshock then resulted from the accumulated release of significantly smaller events, as suggested by other field and laboratory studies.

Earthquake prediction

10.1038/s41598-018-34563-9

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Citations (30)

Pyroclastic Flow Generated Tsunami Waves Detected by CALIPSO Borehole Strainmeters at Soufriere Hills, Montserrat During Massive Dome Collapse: Numerical Simulations and Observations

AGUFM (2004)

E. J. van Boskirk B. Voight P. Watts Christina Widiwijayanti G. S. Mattioli

Dome (geology)

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San Andreas Fault Branching at SAFOD From Fault Guided Wave Mapping and P-wave Tomography

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2005)

P. E. Malin E. Shalev

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