Neil Burnside

University of Strathclyde

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David Banks

University of Glasgow

Adrian J. Boyce

Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

Rob Westaway

University of Glasgow

Nelly Montcoudiol

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

David B. Walls

University of Strathclyde

Zoe K. Shipton

University of Strathclyde

H. Chapman

University of Cambridge

Andrea Schröder‐Ritzrau

Heidelberg University

C.J.L. Willems

Delft University of Technology

R. Stuart Haszeldine

University of Edinburgh

Cooperative Institutions

University of Glasgow

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Universidad de Oviedo

University of Cambridge

University of Strathclyde

University of Edinburgh

University of Potsdam

Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Delft University of Technology

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Surface and groundwater hydrochemistry in the mid-Gregory Rift, Kenya: first impressions and potential implications for geothermal systems

E3S Web of Conferences (2019)

Neil Burnside Nelly Montcoudiol Adrian J. Boyce

The University of Glasgow has a long tradition of scientific endeavour in the Gregory Rift Valley. This paper details some of the history and inspiration behind current hydrological efforts and details results from a 2016 field excursion to this region. A range of surface and ground waters were sampled and analysed for physical, chemical, and stable isotope composition as scoping investigation into geothermal-related hydrological systems. The results allow us to make some initial observations that will be followed up by additional multi-seasonal data collection. Our initial results show clear chemical and isotopic signals for river, lake, hot spring and Menengai geothermal well waters.

Rift valley

Excursion

Hot spring

10.1051/e3sconf/20199807004

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Citations (1)

Man-made versus natural CO2 leakage: A 400 k.y. history of an analogue for engineered geological storage of CO2

Geology (2013)

Neil Burnside Zoe K. Shipton Ben Dockrill Rob M. Ellam

Research Article| April 01, 2013 Man-made versus natural CO2 leakage: A 400 k.y. history of an analogue for engineered geological storage of CO2 Neil M. Burnside; Neil M. Burnside 1School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK *Current address: School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Zoe K. Shipton; Zoe K. Shipton 1School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ben Dockrill; Ben Dockrill 3Chevron, 1400 Smith Street, Houston, Texas 77008, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Rob M. Ellam Rob M. Ellam 4Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow G75 0QF, Scotland, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Neil M. Burnside *Current address: School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK. 1School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK Zoe K. Shipton 1School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, UK Ben Dockrill 3Chevron, 1400 Smith Street, Houston, Texas 77008, USA Rob M. Ellam 4Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow G75 0QF, Scotland, UK Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 12 Jun 2012 Revision Received: 14 Nov 2012 Accepted: 14 Nov 2012 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2013 Geological Society of America Geology (2013) 41 (4): 471–474. https://doi.org/10.1130/G33738.1 Article history Received: 12 Jun 2012 Revision Received: 14 Nov 2012 Accepted: 14 Nov 2012 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Neil M. Burnside, Zoe K. Shipton, Ben Dockrill, Rob M. Ellam; Man-made versus natural CO2 leakage: A 400 k.y. history of an analogue for engineered geological storage of CO2. Geology 2013;; 41 (4): 471–474. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G33738.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract To evaluate sites for long-term geological storage of CO2 and optimize techniques for monitoring the fate of injected CO2, it is crucial to investigate potential CO2 migration pathways out of a reservoir and surface leakage magnitudes. For the first time, we calculate CO2 leakage rates and volumes from ancient fault-related travertines and from an abandoned borehole. U-Th–dated travertine along two faults near Green River, Utah (western United States), shows that leakage has occurred in this area for over 400 k.y. and has switched location repeatedly over kilometer-scale distances. One individual travertine was active for at least 11 k.y. Modern leakage is predominantly through the active Crystal Geyser, which erupts from an abandoned exploration well. Using age data and travertine volume, we calculate magnitudes and rates of CO2 emission. Fault-focused leakage volume is twice as great as diffuse leakage through unconfined aquifers. The leakage rate from a poorly completed borehole is 13 times greater than the long-term time-averaged fault-focused leakage. Although magnitudes and rates of any leakage from future storage sites will be highly dependent on local geology and pressure regime, our results highlight that leakage from abandoned wells is likely to be more significant than through faults. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

10.1130/g33738.1

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Rapid river incision across an inactive fault--Implications for patterns of erosion and deformation in the central Colorado Plateau

Lithosphere (2013)

Joel L. Pederson Neil Burnside Zoe K. Shipton Tammy M. Rittenour

The Colorado Plateau presents a contrast between deep and seemingly recent erosion and apparently only mild late Cenozoic tectonic activity. Researchers have recently proposed multiple sources of epeirogenic uplift and intriguing patterns of differential incision, yet little or no quantitative constraints exist in the heart of the plateau to test these ideas. Here, we use both optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and uranium-series dating to delimit the record of fluvial strath terraces at Crystal Geyser in southeastern Utah, where the Little Grand Wash fault crosses the Green River in the broad Mancos Shale badlands of the central plateau. Results indicate there has been no deformation of terraces or surface rupture of the fault in the past 100 k.y. The Green River, on the other hand, has incised at a relatively rapid pace of 45 cm/k.y. (450 m/m.y.) over that same time, following a regional pattern of focused incision in the "bull's-eye" of the central plateau. The Little Grand Wash fault may have initiated during Early Tertiary Laramide tectonism, but it contrasts with related structures of the ancestral Paradox Basin that are presently active due to salt dissolution and focused differential erosion. We also hypothesize there may be a Pliocene component of fault slip in the region linked to broad-wavelength erosional unloading, domal rebound, and extension. An apparent rapid decrease in incision rates just upstream through Desolation Canyon suggests the Green River here may have recently experienced an upstream-migrating wave of incision.

10.1130/l282.1

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Fault “Corrosion” by Fluid Injection: A Potential Cause of the November 2017 MW 5.5 Korean Earthquake

Geofluids (2019)

Rob Westaway Neil Burnside

The November 2017 MW 5.5 Pohang earthquake is one of the largest and most damaging seismic events to have occurred in the Korean peninsula over the last century. Its close proximity to an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) site, where hydraulic injection into granite had taken place over the previous two years, has raised the possibility that it was anthropogenic; if so, it was by far the largest earthquake caused by any EGS project worldwide. However, a potential argument that this earthquake was independent of anthropogenic activity considers the delay of two or three months before its occurrence, following the most recent injection into each of the wells. A better understanding of the physical and chemical processes that occur following fluid injection into granite is thus warranted. We show that hydrochemical changes occurring while surface water, injected into granite, reequilibrates chemically with its subsurface environment, can account for time delays for earthquake occurrence of such duration, provided the seismogenic fault was already critically stressed, or very close to the condition for slip. This candidate causal mechanism counters the potential argument that the time delay militates against an anthropogenic cause of the Pohang earthquake and can account for its relatively large magnitude as a consequence of a relatively small-volume injection. The resulting analysis places bounds on combinations of physical and chemical properties of rocks, injected volume, and potential postinjection time delays for significant anthropogenic seismicity during future EGS projects in granite.

10.1155/2019/1280721

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Citations (28)

Digging deeper: The influence of historical mining on Glasgow's subsurface thermal state to inform geothermal research

Scottish Journal of Geology (2019)

Sean Watson Rob Westaway Neil Burnside

Studies of the former NE England coalfield in Tyneside demonstrated that heat flow perturbations in boreholes were due to the entrainment and lateral dispersion of heat from deeper in the subsurface through flooded mine workings. This work assesses the influence of historical mining on geothermal observations across Greater Glasgow. The regional heat flow for Glasgow is 60 mW m −2 and, after correction for palaeoclimate, is estimated as c . 80 mW m −2 . An example of reduced heat flow above mine workings is observed at Hallside ( c . 10 km SE of Glasgow), where the heat flow through a 352 m deep borehole is c . 14 mW m −2 . Similarly, the heat flow across the 199 m deep GGC01 borehole in the Glasgow Geothermal Energy Research Field Site is c . 44 mW m −2 . The differences between these values and the expected regional heat flow suggest a significant component of horizontal heat flow into surrounding flooded mine workings. This deduction also influences the quantification of deeper geothermal resources, as extrapolation of the temperature gradient above mine workings would underestimate the temperature at depth. Future projects should consider the influence of historical mining on heat flow when temperature datasets such as these are used in the design of geothermal developments. Supplementary material : Background information on the chronology of historical mining at each borehole location and a summary of groundwater flow in mine workings beneath Glasgow are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4681100 Thematic collection: This article is part of the ‘Early Career Research’ available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research

Digging

Thermal state

10.1144/sjg2019-012

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Citations (9)

Goldschmidt Abstracts 2010 – K

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2010)

Niko Kampman Neil Burnside M. J. Bickle Zoe K. Shipton R. M. Ellam

10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.036

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Citations (5)

Hydrochemistry and stable isotopes as tools for understanding the sustainability of minewater geothermal energy production from a ‘standing column’ heat pump system: Markham Colliery, Bolsover, Derbyshire, UK

International Journal of Coal Geology (2016)

Neil Burnside David Banks Adrian J. Boyce Anup P. Athresh

The abandoned workings of the former Markham Colliery are still in the process of flooding. They are being exploited, via a 'standing column' heat pump arrangement in Markham No. 3 shaft, to produce thermal energy. From 2012, water was pumped from 235 m below ground level in the shaft at c. 15 °C and 2–3 l/s, through shell and tube heat exchangers coupled to a 20 kW heat pump, to supply space heating to commercial offices. The thermally spent (cool) water was returned to the same shaft at c. 250 m bgl at around 12 °C. The mine water contained iron, c. 6000 mg/l chloride, and was highly reducing. Avoiding contact with oxygen was effective in preventing problems with ochre scaling. In January 2015, taking advantage of rising water levels, the pump was repositioned at 170 m bgl, and the reinjection diffuser at 153 m bgl. Since then, both iron concentration and salinity have fallen significantly, suggesting stratification in the shaft. Stable isotope data from sampling in 2015 generally show little variation. Sulphate δ34S exhibits values typical for British Coal Measures (c. + 5‰), whilst δ18O/δ2H indicate influence of fresh meteoric waters. Chloride and sodium concentrations have gradually increased since May 2015, possibly indicating a renewed influence of deeper, more saline, waters and reflecting the gradual rise of mine water in the shaft. Further monitoring of mine water chemistry and isotopic composition is required to better assess the sustainability of the Markham heat pump scheme and advise on optimal management of this mine water resource.

10.1016/j.coal.2016.08.021

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Citations (43)

Preliminary investigation on temperature, chemistry and isotopes of mine water pumped in Bytom geological basin (USCB Poland) as a potential geothermal energy source

International Journal of Coal Geology (2016)

Ewa Janson Adrian J. Boyce Neil Burnside Grzegorz Gzyl

10.1016/j.coal.2016.06.007

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Citations (27)

Combining ground stability investigation with exploratory drilling for mine water geothermal energy development; lessons from exploration and monitoring

Scottish Journal of Geology (2023)

David B. Walls David Banks Adrian J. Boyce D. H. Townsend Neil Burnside

Mine water geothermal energy's potential for decarbonization of heating and cooling in the UK has led to increased national interest and development of new projects. In this study, mine water geothermal exploration has been coupled with ground investigation techniques to assess ground stability alongside seasonal mine water hydrogeology and geochemistry. Drilling operations in late 2020 at Dollar Colliery, Clackmannanshire, Scotland, encountered mined coal seams with varying conditions (void, intact, waste, etc.), reflecting different techniques used throughout a protracted mining history. We found that time and resources spent grouting casing through worked mine seams (ensuring hydraulic separation) can be saved by accessing deeper seams where those above are unworked. Continued assessment of existing water discharges and completion of boreholes with slotted liners into mined coal seams and fractured roof strata allowed chemical and water level changes to be monitored across a 1 year period. Mine water heads and mine discharge flow rates vary seasonally and are elevated between late autumn and early spring. The mine water has a low dissolved solute content. Dissolved sulfate- 34 S isotope data suggest increased pyrite oxidation during lower water levels. These findings can inform future building decisions, whereby housing developments on site could use the mine water for heating. Supplementary material: Borehole data and completion diagrams are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22188801 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Early Career Research collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/early-career-research

10.1144/sjg2022-011

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Exponential trends in flowback chemistry from a hydraulically stimulated deep geothermal borehole in granite; Pohang, South Korea

E3S Web of Conferences (2019)

David Banks Neil Burnside Rob Westaway Günter Zimmermann Hannes Hofmann

Samples of flowback water from a 4.3 km deep geothermal borehole in granite (Pohang, South Korea) were collected following a period of hydraulic stimulation by injection of surface water. Electrical conductivity, temperature and water chemistry of the flowback water were measured. To a first approximation, the data conform closely to a simple ‘mixing tank’ model, with an exponential trend between two end members: an initial injected surface water to a more brackish ‘resident groundwater’ composition. Significant deviation from the ‘mixing tank’ trend would be an indication of significant recent water-rock interaction or other anomalous factors. Such a deviation can tentatively be seen in Na + /Cl - data, especially between 88 and 200 m 3 flowback (2.8 to 8.8 hr).

Formation water

10.1051/e3sconf/20199808001

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