Max Oke Kluger

University of Waikato

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Tobias Mörz

University of Bremen

Stefan Kreiter

University of Bremen

Vicki G. Moon

University of Waikato

David J. Lowe

University of Waikato

Rolando P. Orense

University of Auckland

M. Goodarzi

University of Bremen

Daniel A. Hepp

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Alexander V. Busch

University of Bremen

Jordanka Chaneva

University of Waikato

M. Ehsan Jorat

Abertay University

Cooperative Institutions

University of Bremen

University of Waikato

University of Cambridge

Newcastle University

University of Tehran

NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde

Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems

University of Sheffield

University of New Mexico

Hamburg Institute of International Economics

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Compressibility and permeability of weathered, sensitive volcanic ash (tephra) deposits at the Omokoroa flow slide, New Zealand

Engineering Geology (2022)

Max Oke Kluger Stefan Kreiter Vicki G. Moon R. Robert Roskoden Tobias Mörz

Halloysite

Oedometer test

Volcanic ash

10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106885

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Citations (5)

Influence of Sample Reconstitution on Advanced Model Calibration

International Journal of Geomechanics (2022)

Max Oke Kluger M. Goodarzi Stefan Kreiter Pooyan Ghasemi Taisiya Pein

The simulation of granular soil using advanced soil models relies on the precise determination of model parameters from laboratory or field experiments, or both. Although it is well known that sample reconstitution influences the stress–strain response of granular soil, the effect of different reconstitution methods on the calibration of advanced soil models has not been previously comprehensively addressed. In the present study, a hypoplastic model was calibrated from geotechnical laboratory tests on Cuxhaven sand samples. Triaxial tests were performed on samples having been reconstituted by three different methods: moist tamping, vacuum pluviation, and horizontal vibration. The influence of different reconstitution methods on the simulation performance of the hypoplastic model was quantified through three scenarios of increasing complexity: (1) stress–strain behavior in representative element volume (REV), that is, triaxial tests; (2) in situ plate load test (PLT); and (3) laboratory cone penetration test (CPT). The latter two are typical examples of boundary value problems with different strains and stiffnesses. The adopted reconstitution methods significantly affected the REV simulation at high relative density of both peak friction angles and peak dilation angles. The reconstitution methods have a limited effect on boundary value problem simulations, being moderate for PLTs and small for CPTs. The influence of stiffness (intergranular strain) parameters on simulation results increased from REVs (no influence detected), over boundary value problems with low strain and stiffness (PLTs) to boundary value problems with high strain and stiffness (CPTs).

Dilation (metric space)

Stress path

Triaxial shear test

Cone penetration test

Soil test

10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0002498

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Citations (7)

Monotonic and cyclic undrained behaviour and liquefaction resistance of pumiceous, non-plastic sandy silt

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (2023)

Jordanka Chaneva Max Oke Kluger Vicki G. Moon David J. Lowe Rolando P. Orense

Silt

10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.107825

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Citations (6)

Reliability of CPT measurements in sand – influence of spacing

Géotechnique (2020)

Dina Al-Sammarraie Stefan Kreiter Max Oke Kluger Tobias Mörz

Geotechnical methods, such as cone penetration tests (CPTs), standard penetration tests (SPTs) and seismic cone penetration tests (sCPTs), are widely used to characterise the in situ properties of soil. In studies where more than one in situ method in close spacing is used, it is important for geotechnical engineers to balance between soil heterogeneity and the artefacts of disturbed testing zones. The same applies if detailed information about the subsoil is required and one in situ method is used in close spacing. There is no consensus on how to define the minimum spacing between testing zones and no study on the effect of disturbance caused by in situ tests. In this study, 33 CPTs were performed in natural sediments in northern Germany and a spacing threshold was defined at which cone resistance is affected by soil disturbance from previously performed CPTs. The CPTs were performed sequentially by successively refining the grid spacing, starting with a spacing of 119 cone diameters between CPTs, to a fine grid spacing of seven cone diameters. The cone resistance is affected by previous CPT measurements below a spacing threshold of 24 cone diameters in medium-dense sands. Silt and clay layers showed no reduction in the cone resistance for the minimum grid spacing of seven cone diameters.

Subsoil

Cone penetration test

Silt

Penetration test

Penetration (warfare)

Soil test

Cone (formal languages)

10.1680/jgeot.19.p.247

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Citations (4)

Installation and aging effects on the capacity of small displacement piles

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment (2022)

Alexander V. Busch Max Oke Kluger Daniel A. Hepp M. Goodarzi Stefan Kreiter

Pile setup is not fully understood, despite its high potential for cost saving and risk mitigation in onshore and offshore constructions. Studies indicate that the pile installation process has important influence on initial pile capacity and the subsequent setup. However, only few studies considered a wide range of installation methods (e.g., jacking, vibratory pile driving) when quantifying both initial capacity and setup characteristics. This study presents data of 88 static tension load tests conducted on 44 small piles at 1, 2, 10, and 100 days after their installation by four different methods. Piles made from mild and stainless steel exhibit strongly divergent setup characteristics, being a result of their different resistance to corrosion. Additional factors governing setup are the number of shear cycles induced during pile installation and the elapsed time after end of driving. We suggest a new approach considering the setup as a multidimensional effect, enabling the prediction of the initial capacity of a pile and its temporal development for the tested boundary conditions. This study provides a significant contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms governing setup by combining existing conceptual models, as friction fatigue and stress re-equilibration, together with corrosion under a time perspective.

Jacking

10.1016/j.gete.2022.100350

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Citations (6)

Seismically-induced down-sagging structures in tephra layers (tephra-seismites) preserved in lakes since 17.5 cal ka, Hamilton lowlands, New Zealand

Sedimentary Geology (2023)

Max Oke Kluger David J. Lowe Vicki G. Moon Jordanka Chaneva Richard Johnston

Silt

10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106327

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Citations (9)

Rainfall threshold for initiating effective stress decrease and failure in weathered tephra slopes

Landslides (2019)

Max Oke Kluger M. Ehsan Jorat Vicki G. Moon Stefan Kreiter Willem P. de Lange

Piezometer

Effective stress

Rainwater Harvesting

10.1007/s10346-019-01289-2

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Citations (20)

A new attraction-detachment model for explaining flow sliding in clay-rich tephras

Geology (2016)

Max Oke Kluger Vicki G. Moon Stefan Kreiter David J. Lowe G. Jock Churchman

Abstract Altered pyroclastic (tephra) deposits are highly susceptible to landsliding, leading to fatalities and property damage every year. Halloysite, a low-activity clay mineral, is commonly associated with landslide-prone layers within altered tephra successions, especially in deposits with high sensitivity, which describes the post-failure strength loss. However, the precise role of halloysite in the development of sensitivity, and thus in sudden and unpredictable landsliding, is unknown. Here we show that an abundance of mushroom cap–shaped (MCS) spheroidal halloysite governs the development of sensitivity, and hence proneness to landsliding, in altered rhyolitic tephras, North Island, New Zealand. We found that a highly sensitive layer, which was involved in a flow slide, has a remarkably high content of aggregated MCS spheroids with substantial openings on one side. We suggest that short-range electrostatic and van der Waals interactions enabled the MCS spheroids to form interconnected aggregates by attraction between the edges of numerous paired silanol and aluminol sheets that are exposed in the openings and the convex silanol faces on the exterior surfaces of adjacent MCS spheroids. If these weak attractions are overcome during slope failure, multiple, weakly attracted MCS spheroids can be separated from one another, and the prevailing repulsion between exterior MCS surfaces results in a low remolded shear strength, a high sensitivity, and a high propensity for flow sliding. The evidence indicates that the attraction-detachment model explains the high sensitivity and contributes to an improved understanding of the mechanisms of flow sliding in sensitive, altered tephras rich in spheroidal halloysite.

10.1130/g38560.1

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Citations (30)

Corrosion effects on axial pile capacity

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment (2024)

Alexander V. Busch Max Oke Kluger Tobias Mörz

Shearing (physics)

Friction angle

10.1016/j.gete.2024.100559

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Citations (1)

Undrained cyclic shear behaviour of weathered tephra

Géotechnique (2018)

Max Oke Kluger Stefan Kreiter Vicki G. Moon Rolando P. Orense PR Mills

Weathered tephra is prevalent across volcanic islands like the North Island of New Zealand and is composed of volcanic airfall materials that have been subjected to various soil processes. Understanding their undrained response to cyclic loading is essential for geotechnical engineering applications in these regions because of frequently occurring local earthquakes. The authors describe for the first time the cyclic undrained behaviour of a weathered, clay-rich and highly sensitive tephra through triaxial tests. The weathered tephra experiences brittle failure and exhibits higher friction than sedimentary clays. Cyclic contour diagrams, covering the whole compressional and extensional range of stress conditions, are used to compare the cyclic shear strength of Pahoia tephra with those derived for sedimentary clays. It is found that weathered tephra: (a) is more resistant to small cyclic loading; (b) fails within a smaller range of cyclic shear stresses; and (c) exhibits a cyclic shear strength that peaks at zero average shear stress, in contrast to sedimentary clays where cyclic shear strength peaks at small compressive average stress.

Brittleness

Cyclic stress

10.1680/jgeot.17.p.083

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Citations (14)