Christopher Scott Krier

Virginia Tech

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S. England

Virginia Tech

R. R. Meier

George Mason University

H. U. Frey

University of California, Berkeley

K. Greer

University of Colorado Boulder

Chihoko Cullens

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

R. Eastes

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

Eric Korpela

University of California, Berkeley

Colin Triplett

University of California, Berkeley

Martin M. Sirk

University of California, Berkeley

Brian J. Harding

University of California, Berkeley

Cooperative Institutions

University of California, Berkeley

University of California System

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

University of Colorado Boulder

K Lab (United States)

Computational Physics (United States)

Space Science Institute

United States Naval Research Laboratory

Naval Research Laboratory Space Science Division

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Deducing Non‐Migrating Diurnal Tides in the Middle Thermosphere With GOLD Observations of the Earth's far Ultraviolet Dayglow From Geostationary Orbit

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics (2021)

Christopher Scott Krier S. England K. Greer J. S. Evans A. G. Burns

Abstract The global‐scale observations of the limb and disk (GOLD) Mission images middle thermosphere temperature and the vertical column density ratio of oxygen to molecular nitrogen ( O/N 2 ) using its far ultraviolet imaging spectrographs in geostationary orbit. Since GOLD only measures these quantities during daylight, and only over the ∼140° of longitude visible from geostationary orbit, previously developed tidal analysis techniques cannot be applied to the GOLD data set. This paper presents a novel approach that deduces two specified non‐migrating diurnal tides using simultaneous measurements of temperature and O/N 2 . DE3 (diurnal eastward propagating wave 3) and DE2 (diurnal eastward propagating wave 2) during October 2018 and January 2020 are the focus of this paper. Sensitivity analyses using TIE‐GCM simulations reveal that our approach reliably retrieves the true phases, whereas a combination of residual contributions from secondary tides, the restriction in longitude, and random uncertainty can lead to ∼50% error in the retrieved amplitudes. Application of our approach to GOLD data during these time periods provides the first observations of non‐migrating diurnal tides in measurements taken from geostationary orbit. We identify discrepancies between GOLD observations and TIE‐GCM modeling. Retrieved tidal amplitudes from GOLD observations exceed their respective TIE‐GCM amplitudes by a factor of two in some cases.

Longitude

10.1029/2021ja029563

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Reducing the Ionospheric Contamination Effects on the Column O/N₂ Ratio and Its Application to the Identification of Non‐Migrating Tides

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics (2023)

Christopher Scott Krier S. England R. R. Meier H. U. Frey

Abstract Prior investigations have attempted to characterize the longitudinal variability of the column number density ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen ( O/N 2 ) in the context of non‐migrating tides. The retrieval of thermospheric O/N 2 from far ultra‐violet (FUV) emissions assumes production is due to photoelectron impact excitation on O and N 2 . Consequently, efforts to characterize the tidal variability in O/N 2 have been limited by ionospheric contamination from O + + e radiative recombination at afternoon local times (LT) around the equatorial ionization anomaly. The retrieval of O/N 2 from FUV observations by the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) provides an opportunity to address this limitation. In this work, we derive modified O/N 2 datasets to delineate the response of thermospheric composition to non‐migrating tides as a function of LT in the absence of ionospheric contamination. We assess estimates of the ionospheric contribution to 135.6 nm emission intensities based on either Global Ionospheric Specification (GIS) electron density, International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model output, or observations from the Extreme Ultra‐Violet imager (EUV) onboard ICON during March and September equinox conditions in 2020. Our approach accounts for any biases between the ionospheric and airglow datasets. We found that the ICON‐FUV data set, corrected for ionospheric contamination based on GIS, uncovered a previously obscured diurnal eastward wavenumber 2 tide in a longitudinal wavenumber 3 pattern at March equinox in 2020. This finding demonstrates not only the necessity of correcting for ionospheric contamination of the FUV signals but also the utility of using GIS for the correction.

Aeronomy

Equinox

10.1029/2022ja031148

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Observations of Non-Migrating Diurnal Tides in Middle Thermosphere Temperature and Composition with GOLD

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2020)

Christopher Scott Krier S. England K. Greer

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Semidiurnal Non‐Migrating Tides in the Middle Thermosphere From Far Ultraviolet Observations

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics (2024)

Christopher Scott Krier S. England

Abstract Much of the longitude/local time dependence of the thermosphere is controlled by non‐migrating tides. Observations of semidiurnal (12‐hr) tides between 120 and 200 km altitude, that is, the middle thermosphere, are rare owing to the lack of systematic measurements in this region. Since late 2018, the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission has provided unique measurements of thermospheric disk temperature and the column density ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen ratio (ΣO/N 2 ) from geostationary orbit. In this paper, we present an approach to deduce the strongest semidiurnal non‐migrating tides in the middle thermosphere by adapting the method of Krier et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja029563 ) that deduces diurnal non‐migrating tides in simultaneous observations of temperature and ΣO/N 2 made by GOLD. Testing of this approach suggests that the principal sources of uncertainties in the derived semidiurnal non‐migrating tides are the limitation on the longitudes sampled, such that uncertainties are higher for tides with longer horizontal wavelength, and contamination of the local time sums by stationary planetary waves, which causes amplitudes to be overestimated. Our approach is applied to GOLD data during solstice conditions in 2019–2021. Comparison to models yield disagreements which are likely due to uncertainties intrinsic to the method and/or misrepresentation of tidal dynamics in the models. These results are the first observations of semidiurnal non‐migrating tides in the middle thermosphere from a geostationary observational platform.

Far ultraviolet

Ultraviolet

Atmospheric tide

Near ultraviolet

10.1029/2023ja032102

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First Results From the Retrieved Column O/N₂ Ratio From the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON): Evidence of the Impacts of Nonmigrating Tides

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics (2021)

S. England R. R. Meier H. U. Frey S. B. Mende A. W. Stephan

In near-Earth space, variations in thermospheric composition have important implications for thermosphere-ionosphere coupling. The ratio of O to N

Airglow

Middle latitudes

Anomaly (physics)

10.1029/2021ja029575

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Citations (10)