Nucleosynthetic isotope variations are powerful tools to investigate genetic relationships between meteorite groups and planets. They are instrumental to assess the early evolution of the solar system, including mixing and reservoir formation in the protoplanetary disk, as well as planet formation. To address these questions, we report high-precision nucleosynthetic Ti isotope compositions of a wide range of bulk meteorites, partially complemented with new Cr isotope data. New Ti isotope data confirm the first order dichotomy observed between carbonaceous chondrites (CC), representing outer solar system compositions, and non-carbonaceous (NC) meteorites from the inner solar system. The data in combination with nucleosynthetic isotope data of other elements (e.g., Cr, Ca) indicate that isotopically heterogeneous reservoirs were also present as sub-reservoirs in the inner disk (NC reservoir), generating two or more clusters i.e., (i) the Vesta-like howardites-eucrites-diogenites (HEDs), mesosiderites, angrites, acapulcoites, lodranites, and brachinites and (ii) the Earth-Mars-like ordinary chondrites (OC), aubrites, enstatite chondrites (EC), winonaites, IAB silicates, rumuruti chondrites (R), Martian and terrestrial samples. These reservoirs likely represent disk substructures such as secondary gaps and ring-structures, created by spiral arms, which were emitted from the growing Jupiter and/or Saturn. The distinct isotopic compositions of these reservoirs may reflect thermal processing of material within the disk in combination with temporal isotopic variations either due to isotopically variable infalling material from a heterogeneous molecular cloud and/or thermal processing during the infall that induced such heterogeneities. Such effects were likely reinforced by thermal processing of the material within the disk itself and by physical size- and density sorting of dust caused by the giant planets, creating gaps and pressure bumps in the disk. Genetic relationships of meteorite groups and their implications on parent body formation are evaluated. New high precision Ti isotope data are consistent with that (i) CH and CB meteorites derive from a common parent body, which most likely accreted material from the same isotopic reservoir as the parent body of CR chondrites, (ii) silicates of IAB irons and winonaites originate from the same parent body, and (iii) mesosiderites and HED meteorites have a common origin on Vesta. The indistinguishable Ti and Cr isotope compositions of HEDs/mesosiderites to acapulcoites are not attributed to a common parent body, because of petrologic and chemical differences in addition to their distinct O isotope compositions. Their parent bodies likely accreted in the same disk region, which showed a higher level of O isotope heterogeneity compared to that of Ti, Cr and other refractory nucleosynthetic tracers. The similarity in Ti isotope compositions of Martian meteorites and OCs indicates that OC-like material belongs to the main building blocks of Mars.
Small mass-dependent variations of molybdenum isotope ratios in oceanic and island arc rocks are expected as a result of recycling altered oceanic crust and sediments into the mantle at convergent plate margins over geological timescales.However, the determination of molybdenum isotope data precise and accurate enough to identify these subtle isotopic differences remains challenging.Large sample sizes -in excess of 200mg -need to be chemically processed to isolate enough molybdenum in order to allow sufficiently high-precision isotope analyses using double-spike MC-ICPMS techniques.Established methods are either unable to process such large amounts of silicate material or require several distinct chemical processing steps, making the analyses very time-consuming.Here, we present a new and efficient single-pass chromatographic exchange technique for the chemical isolation of Mo from silicate and metal matrices.To test our new method we analysed USGS reference materials BHVO-2 and BIR-1.Our new data are consistent with those derived from more involved and time-consuming methods for these two reference materials previously published.We also provide the first molybdenum isotope data for USGS reference materials AGV-2, the GSJ reference material JB-2 as well as metal NIST SRM 361.
Significance Niobium-92 is a short-lived p -process isotope that decays to 92 Zr with a half-life of 37 Ma. The initial 92 Nb/ 93 Nb ratio of the Solar System is crucial for utilizing the 92 Nb– 92 Zr chronometer, as it has the potential to provide information on early Solar System evolution and insights into the debated p -process nucleosynthesis. Herein, we precisely determine the initial 92 Nb/ 93 Nb ratio of the Solar System using rare minerals in meteorites. This significantly improved precision makes the 92 Nb– 92 Zr chronometer a powerful tool for providing precise ages of accretion, differentiation, and collision for asteroids and planets. Additionally, the initial ratio reveals that both type Ia supernovae and core-collapse supernovae contributed to the nucleosynthesis of the p -process isotope 92 Nb in our Solar System.
Summary The lithologic trap related to sublacustrine fan has become a hot field in Bohai Oilfield, while genetic types and subtly characterization of sand bodies are still unclear in Liaozhong Sag of Paleogene. Braided river delta deposits on the slope can be transported into the lake floor and form the sublacustrine fan under the trigger of slump, which can be divided into the inner fan subfacies dominated by slides-slump, the middle fan subfacies dominated by debris flow and the outer fan subfacies dominated by turbidity current. Different subfacies have obvious seismic response, respectively characterized by strong parallel reflection, imbricated reflection and weak discontinueous reflection. Reservoir inversion and attribute analysis are used to track the envelope of reservoirs. Under the constraints of seismic attributes and formation thickness, these responses subtly depict the favorable reservoirs. Due to the bulk freezing characteristics of debris flow, sand-rich bodies can deposit on the slope of lake floor. The superposition of multiple gravity flow events can form continuous middle fans and advance to the central basin, which has great significance to expand the exploration in the field of deep water.
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