Robert Behringer

Duke University

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Julia R. Greer

California Institute of Technology

Nir Friedman

Tel Aviv University

Braden A. W. Brinkman

Stony Brook University

Michael LeBlanc

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Wendelin J. Wright

Bucknell University

Karin A. Dahmen

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Todd C. Hufnagel

Johns Hopkins University

Lou Kondic

New Jersey Institute of Technology

Hu Zheng

Tongji University

Jonathan Barés

Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil

Cooperative Institutions

Duke University

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

California Institute of Technology

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Bucknell University

University of Southern California

University of Melbourne

Pennsylvania State University

Sapienza University of Rome

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Logarithmic rate dependence of force networks in sheared granular materials

Nature (2003)

R. R. Hartley Robert Behringer

Shearing (physics)

Stress relaxation

10.1038/nature01394

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Citations (180)

Spanning the scales of granular materials through microscopic force imaging

Nature Communications (2015)

Nicolas Brodu Joshua A. Dijksman Robert Behringer

Abstract If you walk on sand, it supports your weight. How do the disordered forces between particles in sand organize, to keep you from sinking? This simple question is surprisingly difficult to answer experimentally: measuring forces in three dimensions, between deeply buried grains, is challenging. Here we describe experiments in which we have succeeded in measuring forces inside a granular packing subject to controlled deformations. We connect the measured micro-scale forces to the macro-scale packing force response with an averaging, mean field calculation. This calculation explains how the combination of packing structure and contact deformations produce the observed nontrivial mechanical response of the packing, revealing a surprising microscopic particle deformation enhancement mechanism.

Contact force

Macroscopic scale

Particle (ecology)

10.1038/ncomms7361

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Citations (102)

Universal Quake Statistics: From Compressed Nanocrystals to

Shivesh Pathak Danijel Schorlemmer Xin Liu Ryan Swindeman Braden A. W. Brinkman

Slowly-compressed single crystals, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), rocks, granular materials, and the earth all deform via intermittent slips or “quakes”. We find that although these systems span 12 decades in length scale, they all show the same scaling behavior for their slip size distributions and other statistical properties. Remarkably, the size distributions follow the same power law multiplied with the same exponential cutoff. The cutoff grows with applied force for materials spanning length scales from nanometers to kilometers. The tuneability of the cutoff with stress reflects “tuned critical” behavior, rather than self-organized criticality (SOC), which would imply stress-independence. A simple mean field model for avalanches of slipping weak spots explains the agreement across scales. It predicts the observed slip-size distributions and the observed stressdependent cutoff function. The results enable extrapolations from one scale to another, and from one force to another, across different materials and structures, from nanocrystals to earthquakes.

Cut-off

Slipping

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Citations (0)

Jamming by shear

Nature (2011)

Dapeng Bi Jie Zhang Bulbul Chakraborty Robert Behringer

10.1038/nature10667

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Citations (603)

Visualization of convective fluid flow in a porous medium

Nature (1993)

Laurens E. Howle Robert Behringer John G. Georgiadis

Convective flow

10.1038/362230a0

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Citations (59)

Jet-induced 2-D crater formation with horizontal symmetry breaking

Granular Matter (2014)

Abram H. Clark Robert Behringer

Position (finance)

10.1007/s10035-014-0501-9

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Citations (4)

Jamming transition in granular systems of regular polygons

Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2017)

Cacey Stevens Bester Yiqiu Zhao Jonathan Barés Yuanyuan Xu Meredith Cox

Source

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Citations (0)

Onset and evolution of a wavy instability in shaken sand

Physics Letters A (1997)

Eric van Doorn Robert Behringer

10.1016/s0375-9601(97)00684-1

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Citations (15)

Universal Quake Statistics: From Compressed Nanocrystals to Earthquakes

Scientific Reports (2015)

Jonathan T. Uhl Shivesh Pathak Danijel Schorlemmer Xin Liu Ryan Swindeman

Abstract Slowly-compressed single crystals, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), rocks, granular materials and the earth all deform via intermittent slips or “quakes”. We find that although these systems span 12 decades in length scale, they all show the same scaling behavior for their slip size distributions and other statistical properties. Remarkably, the size distributions follow the same power law multiplied with the same exponential cutoff. The cutoff grows with applied force for materials spanning length scales from nanometers to kilometers. The tuneability of the cutoff with stress reflects “tuned critical” behavior, rather than self-organized criticality (SOC), which would imply stress-independence. A simple mean field model for avalanches of slipping weak spots explains the agreement across scales. It predicts the observed slip-size distributions and the observed stress-dependent cutoff function. The results enable extrapolations from one scale to another and from one force to another, across different materials and structures, from nanocrystals to earthquakes.

Cut-off

Slipping

Stress field

10.1038/srep16493

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Citations (115)

Elastic energy, fluctuations and temperature for granular materials

EPL (Europhysics Letters) (2004)

Lou Kondic Robert Behringer

We probe, using a model system, elastic and kinetic energies for sheared granular materials. For large enough P/Ey (pressure/Young's modulus) and P/ρv2 (P/kinetic energy density) elastic dominates kinetic energy, and energy fluctuations become primarily elastic in nature. This regime has likely been reached in recent experiments. We consider a generalization of the granular temperature, Tg, with both kinetic and elastic terms and that changes smoothly from one regime to the other. This Tg is roughly consistent with a temperature adapted from equilibrium statistical mechanics.

Elastic energy

Kinetic Theory

Elastic collision

Mean kinetic temperature

Statistical Mechanics

Elasticity

10.1209/epl/i2004-10061-5

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Citations (17)