ÓR

Ósmar Rodríguez

Millennium Institute of Astrophysics

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Co-Authors

G. Pignata

University of Tarapacá

N. Elias‐Rosa

Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

A. Pastorello

Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

T. Reynolds

University of Turku

E. Kankare

University of Turku

P. A. Mazzali

Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

C. P. Gutiérrez

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

D. A. Howell

Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network

C. Inserra

Cardiff University

S. Prentice

Trinity College Dublin

Cooperative Institutions

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory

South African Radio Astronomy Observatory

Astronomical Observatory

Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

Queen's University Belfast

University of Chile

National Institute for Astrophysics

Millennium Institute of Astrophysics

University of Turku

European Southern Observatory

Author Statistics

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Type II supernovae as distance indicators at near-IR wavelengths

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2018)

Ósmar Rodríguez G. Pignata M. Hamuy A. Clocchiatti M. M. Phillips

Motivated by the advantages of observing at near-IR wavelengths, we investigate Type II supernovae (SNe II) as distance indicators at those wavelengths through the Photospheric Magnitude Method (PMM). For the analysis, we use BVIJH photometry and optical spectroscopy of 24 SNe II during the photospheric phase. To correct photometry for extinction and redshift effects, we compute total-to-selective broad-band extinction ratios and K-corrections up to |$z$| = 0.032. To estimate host galaxy colour excesses, we use the colour–colour curve method with the V–I versus B–V as colour combination. We calibrate the PMM using four SNe II in galaxies having Tip of the Red Giant Branch distances. Among our 24 SNe II, nine are at cz > 2000 km s−1, which we use to construct Hubble diagrams (HDs). To further explore the PMM distance precision, we include into HDs the four SNe used for calibration and other two in galaxies with Cepheid and SN Ia distances. With a set of 15 SNe II we obtain an HD rms of 0.13 mag for the J-band, which compares to the rms of 0.15–0.26 mag for optical bands. This reflects the benefits of measuring PMM distances with near-IR instead of optical photometry. With the evidence we have, we can set the PMM distance precision with J-band below 10 per cent with a confidence level of 99 per cent.

Photometric redshift

Extinction (optical mineralogy)

10.1093/mnras/sty3396

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Citations (17)

Investigating the properties of stripped-envelope supernovae; what are the implications for their progenitors?

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2018)

S. Prentice C. Ashall P. A. James L. Short P. A. Mazzali

We present observations and analysis of 18 stripped-envelope supernovae observed during 2013–2018. This sample consists of five H/He-rich SNe, six H-poor/He-rich SNe, three narrow lined SNe Ic, and four broad lined SNe Ic. The peak luminosity and characteristic time-scales of the bolometric light curves are calculated, and the light curves modelled to derive 56Ni and ejecta masses (MNi and Mej). Additionally, the temperature evolution and spectral line velocity curves of each SN are examined. Analysis of the [O i] line in the nebular phase of eight SNe suggests their progenitors had initial masses <20 M⊙. The bolometric light curve properties are examined in combination with those of other SE events from the literature. The resulting data set gives the Mej distribution for 80 SE–SNe, the largest such sample in the literature to date, and shows that SNe Ib have the lowest median Mej, followed by narrow-lined SNe Ic, H/He-rich SNe, broad-lined SNe Ic, and finally gamma-ray burst SNe. SNe Ic-6/7 show the largest spread of Mej ranging from ∼1.2–11 M⊙, considerably greater than any other subtype. For all SE–SNe = 2.8 ± 1.5 M⊙ which further strengthens the evidence that SE–SNe arise from low-mass progenitors which are typically <5 M⊙ at the time of explosion, again suggesting MZAMS <25 M⊙. The low and lack of clear bimodality in the distribution implies <30 M⊙ progenitors and that envelope stripping via binary interaction is the dominant evolutionary pathway of these SNe.

Bimodality

Line (geometry)

Envelope (radar)

10.1093/mnras/sty3399

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Citations (109)

Low-luminosity Type II supernovae – III. SN 2018hwm, a faint event with an unusually long plateau

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2020)

A. Reguitti M. L. Pumo P. A. Mazzali A. Pastorello G. Pignata

In this work, we present photometric and spectroscopic data of the low-luminosity Type IIP supernova (SN) 2018hwm. The object shows a faint ($M_r=-15$ mag) and very long ($\sim$130 days) plateau, followed by a 2.7 mag drop in the $r$-band to the radioactive tail. The first spectrum shows a blue continuum with narrow Balmer lines, while during the plateau the spectra show numerous metal lines, all with strong and narrow P-Cygni profiles. The expansion velocities are low, in the 1000-1400 km s$^{-1}$ range. The nebular spectrum, dominated by H$\alpha$ in emission, reveals weak emission from [O I] and [Ca II] doublets. The absolute light curve and spectra at different phases are similar to those of low-luminosity SNe IIP. We estimate that 0.0085 $M_{\odot}$ of $^{56}$Ni mass were ejected, through hydrodynamical simulations. The best fit of the model to the observed data is found for an extremely low explosion energy of 0.075 foe, a progenitor radius of 845 $R_{\odot}$ and a final progenitor mass of 9-10 $M_{\odot}$. Finally, we performed a modeling of the nebular spectrum, to establish the amount of oxygen and calcium ejected. We found a low M($^{16}$O)$\approx 0.02$ $M_{\odot}$, but a high M($^{40}$Ca) of 0.3 $M_{\odot}$. The inferred low explosion energy, the low ejected $^{56}$Ni mass and the progenitor parameters, along with peculiar features observed in the nebular spectrum, are consistent with both an electron-capture SN explosion of a super-asymptotic giant branch star and with a low-energy, Ni-poor iron core-collapse SN from a 10-12 $M_{\odot}$ red supergiant.

Balmer series

Pair-instability supernova

10.1093/mnras/staa3730

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Citations (15)

Signatures of circumstellar interaction in the Type IIL supernova ASASSN-15oz

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2019)

K. Azalee Bostroem S. Valenti A. Horesh Viktoriya Morozova N. P. M. Kuin

Hydrogen-rich, core-collapse supernovae are typically divided into four classes: IIP, IIL, IIn, and IIb. In general, interaction with circumstellar material is only considered for Type IIn supernovae. However, recent hydrodynamic modeling of IIP and IIL supernovae requires circumstellar material to reproduce their early light curves. In this scenario, IIL supernovae experience large amounts of mass loss before exploding. We test this hypothesis on ASASSN-15oz, a Type IIL supernova. With extensive follow-up in the X- ray, UV, optical, IR, and radio we present our search for signs of interaction, and the mass-loss history indicated by their detection. We find evidence of short-lived intense mass-loss just prior to explosion from light curve modeling, amounting in 1.5 M$_{\odot}$ of material within 1800 R$_{\odot}$ of the progenitor. We also detect the supernova in the radio, indicating mass-loss rates of $10^{-6}-10^{-7}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ prior to the extreme mass-loss period. Our failure to detect the supernova in the X-ray and the lack of narrow emission lines in the UV, optical, and NIR do not contradict this picture and place an upper limit on the mass-loss rate outside the extreme period of $<10^{-4}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. This paper highlights the importance gathering comprehensive data on more Type II supernovae to enable detailed modeling of the progenitor and supernova which can elucidate their mass-loss histories and envelope structures and thus inform stellar evolution models.

Type II supernova

10.1093/mnras/stz570

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Citations (30)

Luminosity distribution of Type II supernova progenitors

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2022)

Ósmar Rodríguez

I present progenitor luminosities ($L$) for a sample of 112 Type II supernovae (SNe II), computed directly from progenitor photometry and the bolometric correction technique, or indirectly from empirical correlations between progenitor luminosity and [OI] $\lambda\lambda$6300, 6364 line luminosity at 350 d since explosion, $^{56}$Ni mass, or absolute $V$-band magnitude at 50 d since explosion. To calibrate these correlations, I use twelve SNe II with progenitor luminosities measured from progenitor photometry. I find that the correlations mentioned above are strong and statistically significant, and allow to estimate progenitor luminosities to a precision between 20 and 24 per cent. I correct the SN sample for selection bias and define a subsample of 112 SNe II with progenitor luminosities between $\log(L/L_{\odot})=4.6$ dex, corresponding to the completeness limit of the corrected sample, and the maximum observed progenitor luminosity of $\log(L/L_{\odot})=5.091$ dex. The luminosity distribution for this subsample is statistically consistent with those for red supergiants (RSGs) in LMC, SMC, M31, and M33 with $4.6\leq\log(L/L_{\odot})\leq5.091$. This supports that SN II progenitors correspond to RSGs. The conspicuous absence of SN II progenitors with $\log(L/L_{\odot})>5.1$ dex with respect to what is observed in RSG luminosity distributions, known as the RSG problem, is significant at a $5.2\pm0.5\,\sigma$ level.

10.1093/mnras/stac1831

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Citations (14)

Stripped-envelope supernova light curves argue for central engine activity

Nature (2024)

Ósmar Rodríguez Ehud Nakar Dan Maoz

Magnetar

Envelope (radar)

Energy budget

10.1038/s41586-024-07262-x

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Citations (7)

SN 2016gsd: an unusually luminous and linear Type II supernova with high velocities

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2020)

T. Reynolds M. Fraser S. Mattila M. Ergon Luc Dessart

ABSTRACT We present observations of the unusually luminous Type II supernova (SN) 2016gsd. With a peak absolute magnitude of V = −19.95 ± 0.08, this object is one of the brightest Type II SNe, and lies in the gap of magnitudes between the majority of Type II SNe and the superluminous SNe. Its light curve shows little evidence of the expected drop from the optically thick phase to the radioactively powered tail. The velocities derived from the absorption in H α are also unusually high with the blue edge tracing the fastest moving gas initially at 20 000 km s−1, and then declining approximately linearly to 15 000 km s−1 over ∼100 d. The dwarf host galaxy of the SN indicates a low-metallicity progenitor which may also contribute to the weakness of the metal lines in its spectra. We examine SN 2016gsd with reference to similarly luminous, linear Type II SNe such as SNe 1979C and 1998S, and discuss the interpretation of its observational characteristics. We compare the observations with a model produced by the jekyll code and find that a massive star with a depleted and inflated hydrogen envelope struggles to reproduce the high luminosity and extreme linearity of SN 2016gsd. Instead, we suggest that the influence of interaction between the SN ejecta and circumstellar material can explain the majority of the observed properties of the SN. The high velocities and strong H α absorption present throughout the evolution of the SN may imply a circumstellar medium configured in an asymmetric geometry.

Pair-instability supernova

Absolute magnitude

10.1093/mnras/staa365

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Citations (11)

Luminous Type II supernovae for their low expansion velocities

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2020)

Ósmar Rodríguez G. Pignata J. P. Anderson Takashi J. Moriya A. Clocchiatti

We present optical and near-IR data of three Type II supernovae (SNe II), SN 2008bm, SN 2009aj, and SN 2009au. These SNe display the following common characteristics: signs of early interaction of the ejecta with circumstellar material (CSM), blue $B\!-\!V$ colours, weakness of metal lines, low expansion velocities, and $V$-band absolute magnitudes 2-3 mag brighter than those expected for normal SNe II based on their expansion velocities. Two more SNe reported in the literature (SN 1983K and LSQ13fn) share properties similar to our sample. Analysing this set of five SNe II, which are luminous for their low expansion velocities (LLEV), we find that their properties can be reproduced assuming ejecta-CSM interaction that lasts between 4-11 weeks post explosion. The contribution of this interaction to the radiation field seems to be the dominant component determining the observed weakness of metal lines in the spectra rather than the progenitor metallicity. Based on hydrodynamic simulations, we find that the interaction of the ejecta with a CSM of ~3.6 M$_\odot$ can reproduce the light curves and expansion velocities of SN 2009aj. Using data collected by the Chilean Automatic Supernova Search, we estimate an upper limit for the LLEV SNe II fraction to be 2-4 per cent of all normal SNe II. With the current data-set, it is not clear whether the LLEV events are a separated class of SNe II with a different progenitor system, or whether they are the extreme of a continuum mediated by CSM interaction with the rest of the normal SN II population.

10.1093/mnras/staa1133

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Citations (21)

Erratum: Low luminosity Type II supernovae – III. SN 2018hwm, a faint event with an unusually long plateau

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2021)

A. Reguitti M. L. Pumo P. A. Mazzali A. Pastorello G. Pignata

10.1093/mnras/stab1088

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Citations (0)

Bright lenses are easy to find: spectroscopic confirmation of lensed quasars in the Southern Sky

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2018)

C. Spiniello Adriano Agnello A. V. Sergeyev T. Anguita Ósmar Rodríguez

Gravitationally lensed quasars are valuable, but extremely rare, probes of observational cosmology and extragalactic astrophysics. Progress in these fields has been limited just by the paucity of systems with good ancillary data. Here we present a first spectroscopic confirmation of lenses discovered in the Southern Sky from the DES and KiDS-DR3 footprints. % optical ground based surveys in the Southern Hemisphere. We have targeted 7 high-graded candidates, selected with new techniques, with NTT-EFOSC2, and confirmed 5 of them. We provide source spectroscopic redshifts, image separations, $gri$ photometry and first lens model parameters. The success rate of ~70% confirms our forecasts, based on the comparison between the number of candidate doubles and quadruplets in our searches over a ~5000 sq.deg footprint and theoretical predictions.

10.1093/mnras/sty3407

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Citations (15)