Liangjie Xin

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Minghong Tan

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University

Xiubin Li

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Xiubin Li

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research

Yahui Wang

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Xue Wang

Gansu Agricultural University

Hengfei Song

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research

Min Jiang

Aerospace Information Research Institute

Yuluan Zhao

Northeast Agricultural University

Xiaoyu Liu

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Renjing Wang

Hefei University of Technology

Cooperative Institutions

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Southwest University

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

Beijing Normal University

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Ministry of Natural Resources

Shandong University

China Agricultural University

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Mapping the terraces on the Loess Plateau based on a deep learning-based model at 1.89 m resolution

Scientific Data (2023)

Yahan Lu Xiubin Li Liangjie Xin Hengfei Song Xue Wang

Abstract Terraces on the Loess Plateau play essential roles in soil conservation, as well as agricultural productivity in this region. However, due to the unavailability of high-resolution (<10 m) maps of terrace distribution for this area, current research on these terraces is limited to specific regions. We developed a deep learning-based terrace extraction model (DLTEM) using texture features of the terraces, which have not previously been applied regionally. The model utilizes the UNet++ deep learning network as its framework, with high-resolution satellite images, a digital elevation model, and GlobeLand30 as the interpreted data and topography and vegetation correction data sources, respectively, and incorporates manual correction to produce a 1.89 m spatial resolution terrace distribution map for the Loess Plateau (TDMLP). The accuracy of the TDMLP was evaluated using 11,420 test samples and 815 field validation points, yielding classification results of 98.39% and 96.93%, respectively. The TDMLP provides an important basis for further research on the economic and ecological value of terraces, facilitating the sustainable development of the Loess Plateau.

Terrace (agriculture)

Loess plateau

Elevation (ballistics)

10.1038/s41597-023-02005-5

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Citations (10)

Chemical fertilizer rate, use efficiency and reduction of cereal crops in China, 1998–2018

Journal of Geographical Sciences (2022)

Liangjie Xin

10.1007/s11442-022-1936-2

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Citations (30)

Exploring a Moderate Operation Scale in China’s Grain Production: A Perspective on the Costs of Machinery Services

Sustainability (2019)

Yu Xu Liangjie Xin Xiubin Li Minghong Tan Yahui Wang

Due to the indivisibility of agricultural machinery in production, limited farm sizes have reduced mechanization efficiency and increased the cost of grain production in China. As a result, the development of a moderate-scale farming system has been proposed by academic communities and policy makers. However, it is still hotly debated how to determine a moderate farm scale. We offer a new perspective on the costs of machinery services. This manuscript employs the threshold model and uses the nationally representative data from the 2015 China Rural Household Panel Survey (CRHPS) to investigate the role of farm size expansion relative to per area machinery services expenditures (PAMSE). The empirical results reveal that there is a nonlinear relation between the farm size and PAMSE. Specifically, farm size expansion can reduce the PAMSE by improving mechanization efficiency in all cases, while the magnitude of cost-saving is progressively reduced in the process of farm scale expansion. In particular, a 1 mu (1 mu = 1/15 ha) increase in the farm scale could only lead to a 0.3% decrease in the PAMSE when the farm size exceeded 50 mu, which indicates that 50 mu is a minimum efficient farm scale to achieve most economies of scale. Therefore, we suggest that persistent efforts should be devoted to improving farmland circulation efficiency and developing scale farms. More importantly, governmental supporting policies, such as agricultural subsidies, need to attach more importance to these large farms.

Mechanization

Agricultural machinery

Returns to scale

10.3390/su11082213

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Citations (16)

Geographic concentration and driving forces of agricultural land use in China

Frontiers of Earth Science (2012)

Yuluan Zhao Xiubin Li Liangjie Xin Haiguang Hao

Cash crop

Agricultural land

10.1007/s11707-012-0303-5

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Impact of Land Use Rights Transfer on Household Labor Productivity: A Study Applying Propensity Score Matching in Chongqing, China

Sustainability (2016)

Yahui Wang Liangjie Xin Xiubin Li Jianzhong Yan

In order to improve the rural labor productivity and farmers’ income, land use transfer was launched and encouraged in recent years, especially the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2016–2020). This study aims to shed light on the impact of land use rights transfer on household labor productivity, based on a case study of Chongqing in China. Studies have revealed that land use transfer entails a process of self-selection and does not occur in a random manner. The study, therefore, addressed the issue of sample selection by applying propensity score matching. The study results suggested significant differences in the effects of land use transfer on household labor productivity. Specifically, renting land from other households had a positive effect on total labor productivity (TLP) and agricultural labor productivity (ALP). Moreover, TLP and ALP were found to be higher for households that rented more land or that were located in plain areas. Renting out land had a robust and positive effect on the TLP and non-agricultural labor productivity (NALP). TLP and NALP were also higher for households that rented out more land or that were located in plain areas. These findings suggest that land use transfer should be actively encouraged in plain areas. However, in mountainous areas, there is a need to pay more attention to expanding agriculture to benefit poor and marginalized populations in these areas.

Agricultural land

10.3390/su9010004

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Citations (21)

National scale assessment of the soil erosion and conservation function of terraces in China

Ecological Indicators (2021)

Xiaoyu Liu Liangjie Xin Yahan Lu

Terraces are not only productive but also have outstanding ecological functions, becoming an important soil and water conservation measure worldwide. Although there are many studies on soil and water conservation in terraces, due to the lack of data on the spatial distribution of terraces, most of the current studies are focused on small areas, lacking large-scale studies. This study is the first to quantitatively measure soil erosion and soil and water conservation capacity of terraces and their spatial distribution throughout China. The spatialization method and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model were used to calculate the soil erosion modulus and quantity of terraces and slope farmland at the pixel scale. The results showed that the average soil erosion modulus and soil erosion quantity for the terraces in China in 2017 were 273.56 t km−2 a-1 and 4.88 × 107 t, respectively. The average soil conservation modulus and soil conservation quantities in 2017 were 2132.59 t km−2 a-1 and 3.81 × 108 t, respectively. The terraces maintained 88.63% of the soil from erosion at the national scale. The vast majority of terraces experienced micro erosion (84.53%) and slight erosion (14.97%), with only a small percentage area of terraces experiencing moderate erosion and above. Spatially, the terraces in the Black Soil Area, Red Soil Area, and Rocky Mountain Area had better soil conservation effects, while the terraces in the Loess Plateau and Tibetan Plateau had poor soil conservation effects. Findings from this study will help to understand regional differences in soil erosion in terraces in China, which in turn will help to formulate environmental protection policies.

River terraces

10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107940

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Citations (50)

Temporal and regional variations of China’s fertilizer consumption by crops during 1998–2008

Journal of Geographical Sciences (2012)

Liangjie Xin Xiubin Li Minghong Tan

Consumption

10.1007/s11442-012-0953-y

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Citations (49)

Understanding the Spatial Distribution of Urban Forests in China Using Sentinel-2 Images with Google Earth Engine

Forests (2019)

Qianwen Duan Minghong Tan Yuxuan Guo Xue Wang Liangjie Xin

Urban forests are vitally important for sustainable urban development and the well-being of urban residents. However, there is, as yet, no country-level urban forest spatial dataset of sufficient quality for the scientific management of, and correlative studies on, urban forests in China. At present, China attaches great importance to the construction of urban forests, and it is necessary to map a high-resolution and high-accuracy dataset of urban forests in China. The open-access Sentinel images and the Google Earth Engine platform provide a significant opportunity for the realization of this work. This study used eight bands (B2–B8, B11) and three indices of Sentinel-2 in 2016 to map the urban forests of China using the Random Forest machine learning algorithms at the pixel scale with the support of Google Earth Engine (GEE). The 7317 sample points for training and testing were collected from field visits and very high resolution images from Google Earth. The overall accuracy, producer’s accuracy of urban forest, and user’s accuracy of urban forest assessed by independent validation samples in this study were 92.30%, 92.27%, and 92.18%, respectively. In 2016, the percentage of urban forest cover was 19.2%. Nearly half of the cities had an urban forest cover between 10% and 20%, and the average percentage of large cities whose urban populations were over 5 million was 24.8%. Cities with less than half of the average were mainly distributed in northern and western parts of China, which should be focused on in urban greening planning.

Urban forest

10.3390/f10090729

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Citations (32)

Do farmland transfers mitigate farmland abandonment? ——A case study of China's mountainous areas

Habitat International (2024)

Hengfei Song Xiubin Li Liangjie Xin Xue Wang

Abandonment (legal)

10.1016/j.habitatint.2024.103023

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Citations (12)

Study of the intensity and driving factors of land use/cover change in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nyang Qu River, and Lhasa River region, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China