Jonathan B. Burkhardt

Environmental Protection Agency

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Co-Authors

Regan Murray

Environmental Protection Agency

Feng Shang

Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications

Hyoungmin Woo

Environmental Protection Agency

Simoni Triantafyllidou

Environmental Protection Agency

Michael R. Schock

Environmental Protection Agency

Darren A. Lytle

Environmental Protection Agency

Terranna Haxton

Environmental Protection Agency

George A. Sorial

University of Cincinnati

Jeff Szabo

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency

Jonathan G. Pressman

Environmental Protection Agency

Cooperative Institutions

Environmental Protection Agency

University of Cincinnati

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency

VA Office of Research and Development

Oak Ridge Associated Universities

Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

ORCID

United States Department of Homeland Security

Sandia National Laboratories California

Marion Technical College

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Quantifying Hydraulic and Water Quality Uncertainty to Inform Sampling of Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (2018)

David Hart Jose S. Rodriguez Jonathan B. Burkhardt Brian Borchers Carl D. Laird

Sampling of drinking water distribution systems is performed to ensure good water quality and protect public health. Sampling also satisfies regulatory requirements and is done to respond to customer complaints or emergency situations. Water distribution system modeling techniques can be used to plan and inform sampling strategies. However, a high degree of accuracy and confidence in the hydraulic and water quality models is required to support real-time response. One source of error in these models is related to uncertainty in model input parameters. Effective characterization of these uncertainties and their effect on contaminant transport during a contamination incident is critical for providing confidence estimates in model-based design and evaluation of different sampling strategies. In this paper, the effects of uncertainty in customer demand, isolation valve status, bulk reaction rate coefficient, contaminant injection location, start time, duration and rate on the size and location of the contaminant plume are quantified for two example water distribution systems. Results show that the most important parameter was the injection location. The size of the plume was also affected by the reaction rate coefficient, injection rate and the injection duration, while the the exact location of the plume was additionally affected by the isolation valve status. Uncertainty quantification provides a more complete picture of how contaminants move within a water distribution system and provides more information when using modeling results to select sampling locations.

10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001005

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Citations (17)

Polanyi adsorption potential theory for estimating PFAS treatment with granular activated carbon

Journal of Water Process Engineering (2023)

Jonathan B. Burkhardt Adam Cadwallader Jonathan G. Pressman Matthew L. Magnuson Antony Williams

10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103691

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Citations (4)

Relative Water Age in Premise Plumbing Systems Using an Agent-Based Modeling Framework

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (2023)

Jonathan B. Burkhardt John Minor William E. Platten Feng Shang Regan Murray

Tools used to predict hydraulics and water quality within premise plumbing systems have gained recent interest. An open-source Python-based tool—PPMtools—for modeling and analyzing premise plumbing systems with WNTR or EPANET is presented. A relative water age—the time water has spent in a home—study using three real-world single-family homes was used to demonstrate PPMtools. Results showed that increased use—more people or higher flow fixtures—led to a general decrease in relative water ages. However, even with more use, one user could still experience water for a drinking activity with a relative water age equal to, or longer than, the duration of the longest stagnant period (sleeping or absence from home). Simulations also showed that the general relative water ages increased if the homes were plumbed with larger diameter piping [19.1 mm (3/4 in.) versus 12.7 mm (1/2 in.)]. Hot water heaters were found to have the largest impact on relative water age. Smaller volume uses generally had more variability in relative water ages, while larger volume uses (e.g., showering) resulted in generally low relative water ages with less variability because larger uses fully replaced water in the home with water from the main. This study highlights the potential for using PPMtools to explore more complex water quality modeling within premise plumbing systems.

Hydraulics

10.1061/jwrmd5.wreng-5888

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Citations (7)

Closure to “Lagrangian Method to Model Advection-Dispersion-Reaction Transport in Drinking Water Pipe Networks” by Feng Shang, Hyoungmin Woo, Jonathan B. Burkhardt, and Regan Murray

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (2022)

Feng Shang Hyoungmin Woo Jonathan B. Burkhardt Regan Murray

Closure (psychology)

10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001617

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Citations (0)

Closure to “Framework for Modeling Lead in Premise Plumbing Systems Using EPANET” by Jonathan B. Burkhardt, Hyoungmin Woo, James Mason, Feng Shang, Simoni Triantafyllidou, Michael R. Schock, Darren Lytle, and Regan Murray

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (2021)

Jonathan B. Burkhardt Hyoungmin Woo Feng Shang Simoni Triantafyllidou Michael R. Schock

Closure (psychology)

10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001522

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Citations (0)

Evaluating Manual Sampling Locations for Regulatory and Emergency Response

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (2021)

Terranna Haxton Katherine A. Klise Daniel J. Laky Regan Murray Carl D. Laird

Drinking water systems commonly use manual or grab sampling to monitor water quality, identify or confirm issues, and verify that corrective or emergency response actions have been effective. In this paper, the effectiveness of regulatory sampling locations for emergency response is explored. An optimization formulation based on the literature was used to identify manual sampling locations to maximize overall nodal coverage of the system. Results showed that sampling locations could be effective in confirming incidents for which they were not designed. When evaluating sampling locations optimized for emergency response against regulatory scenarios, the average performance was reduced by 3%-4%, while using optimized regulatory sampling locations for emergency response reduced performance by 7%-10%. Secondary constraints were also included in the formulation to ensure geographical and water age diversity with minimal impact on the performance. This work highlighted that regulatory sampling locations provide value in responding to an emergency for these networks.

Emergency Response

10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001473

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Citations (1)

Understanding the Impact of Mesh on Tank Overflow System Capacity

American Water Works Association (2018)

Jonathan B. Burkhardt James A. Goodrich Jeff Szabo John S. Hall Jake Crosby

A 2016 incident that resulted in damage to a water storage tank's roof motivated pilot‐scale experiments to be conducted to determine the impact of mesh on tank overflow capacity. A clean mesh installed near the outlet of an overflow system did not reduce the capacity during the weir‐dominated flow regime. Mesh was found to reduce the area available to flow, which was found to lower the achievable capacity through the system. Considering only the head loss or pressure drop associated with the mesh, and not area reduction, resulted in an overestimation of achievable capacity, which could lead to an undersized overflow system. The results and formulas presented will help water utilities ensure that overflow systems with mesh are appropriately sized.

Weir

10.1002/awwa.1162

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Citations (1)

Perfluoroalkyl Chemical Adsorption by Granular Activated Carbon: Assessment of Particle Size Impact on Equilibrium Parameters and Associated Rapid Small-Scale Column Test Scaling Assumptions

Water Research (2024)

Gulizhaer Abulikemu Jonathan G. Pressman George A. Sorial Toby Sanan Levi M. Haupert

Particle (ecology)

Scale-up

10.1016/j.watres.2024.122977

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Citations (0)

Modeling fate and transport of arsenic in a chlorinated distribution system

Environmental Modelling & Software (2017)

Jonathan B. Burkhardt Jeff Szabo Stephen Klosterman John S. Hall Regan Murray

Tap water

10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.03.016

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Citations (16)

Random Walk Particle Tracking to Model Dispersion in Steady Laminar and Turbulent Pipe Flow

Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (2023)

Feng Shang Jonathan B. Burkhardt Regan Murray

To accurately model a two-dimensional solute transport in drinking water pipes and determine the effective dispersion coefficients for one-dimensional water quality models of water distribution systems, a random walk particle tracking approach was developed to analyze the advection and dispersion processes in circular pipes. The approach considers a solute particle's two-dimensional random movement caused by molecular or turbulent diffusion and associated velocity profile, and can simulate any mixing time and accurately model the longitudinal distribution of the solute concentration. For long mixing times, the simulation results agreed with a previous analytically derived solution. For turbulent flow conditions, simulations showed that the longitudinal dispersion of the solute is very sensitive to the utilized cross-sectional velocity profiles. This approach is easy to implement programmatically and unconditionally stable. It can predict the mixing characteristics of a pipe under various initial and boundary conditions.

Tracking (education)

Plug flow

Particle (ecology)

Turbulent diffusion

10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13405

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Citations (3)